Judicial Courts in India
Judicial Service Entrance Exams
It has in part, inherited the legacy of the legal system established by the then colonial powers and the princely states since the mid-19th century, and has partly retained characteristics of practices from the ancient and medieval times.
There are various levels of judiciary in India – different types of courts, each with varying powers depending on the tier and jurisdiction bestowed upon them. They form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, with the Supreme Court of India at the top, followed by High Courts of respective States with District Judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class and Civil Judge (Junior Division) at the bottom. Courts hear criminal and civil cases, including disputes between individuals and the government. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive andlegislative branches of government according to the Constitution.
District Judiciary
The District Courts of India are established by the State Governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level. These courts are under administrative control of the High Court of the State to which the district concerned belongs. The decisions of District court are subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the concerned High court.
The district court is presided over by one District Judge appointed by the state Government. In addition to the district judge there may be number of Additional District Judges and Assistant District Judges depending on the workload. The Additional District Judge and the court presided have equivalent jurisdiction as the District Judge and his district court. The district judge is also called "Metropolitan session judge" when he is presiding over a district court in a city which is designated "Metropolitan area" by the state Government. The district court has appellate jurisdiction over all subordinate courts situated in the district on both civil and criminal matters. Subordinate courts, on the civil side (in ascending order) are, Junior Civil Judge Court, Principal Junior Civil Judge Court, Senior Civil Judge Court (also called sub-court). Subordinate courts, on the criminal side (in ascending order) are, Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court, First Class Judicial Magistrate Court, Chief Judicial Magistrate Court.
High Courts
There are 24 High Courts at the State level. Article 141 of the Constitution of India mandates that they are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence. These courts have jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and union territories. Below the High Courts are a hierarchy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. High courts are instituted as constitutional courts under Part VI, Chapter V, Article 214 of the Indian Constitution.
However, primarily the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of theConstitution of India. Writ Jurisdiction is also original jurisdiction of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies.
Judges in a high court are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Chief Justice of High Court and the governor of the state. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice and 30 other Judges appointed by the President of India, as the sanctioned full strength. Supreme Court Judges retire upon attaining the age of 65 years. In order to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for at least five years, a Judge of a high court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an advocate of a high court or of two or more such Courts in succession for at least 10 years or he must be, in the opinion of the president, a distinguished jurist. Provisions exist for the appointment of a Judge of a high court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court and for retired judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as Judges of that Court.
The Constitution seeks to ensure the independence of Supreme Court Judges in various ways. A judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the president passed after an address in each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting, and presented to the president in the same Session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. A person who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practising in any court of law or before any other authority in India.
The proceedings of the Supreme Court are conducted in English only. Supreme Court Rules, 1966 are framed under Article 145 of the Constitution to regulate the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal. Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution of India lay down the composition and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. Primarily, it is an appellate court which takes up appeals against judgments of the High Courts of the states and territories. However, it also takes writ petitions in cases of serious human rights violations or any petition filed under Article 32 which is the right to constitutional remedies or if a case involves a serious issue that needs immediate resolution.
- Public Service Commissions
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Judicial Services Exam Question Papers
- Jharkhand Judicial Service
- Uttar Pradesh Judicial Service
- Bihar Judicial Service
- Uttrakhand Judicial Service
- Rajasthan Judicial Service
- Odisha Judicial Service
- Maharashtra Judicial Service
- Madhya Pradesh Judicial Service
- Kerala Judicial Service
- Haryana Judicial Service
- Delhi Judicial Service
- Chhattisgarh Judicial Service
- Andhra Pradesh Judicial Service
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Judicial Exam Notice Board
- Chhattisgarh Civil Judge (Entry Level) Exam 2019, Recruitment Notification issued
- West Bengal Judicial Service Exam 2019, Recruitment Notification issued for 34 Posts
- UP Judiciary, UPHJS (Main) Examination 2018 Results declared
- UP Judiciary, UPHJS Exam 2018, Interview Date announced
- West Bengal Legal Service Exam 2018, announces Schedule of Examination
- UP Judicial Service, Allahabad High Court, Special Judicial Magistrate/ Special Metropolitan Magistrate Recruitment
- Gujarat High Court Recruitment of Civil Judges, online submission starting from Feb 1st ending on March 1st
- Bihar District 9th Limited Competitive Examination for Higher Judicial Services; check out
- Bihar District Judge (Entry Level), Direct from Bar- 2019, Recruitment Notification
- Uttarakhand Judicial Service Civil Judge (Junior Division) Exam 2018 | Recruitment Notification
- Result of UPPCS(J) Pre Exam 2018 | U.P. Judicial Service Civil Judge (J.D.) Pre Exam 2018
- Schedule for U.P. Judicial Service Civil Judge (J.D.) Main Exam 2018
- Admit Cards of Preliminary Examination of Direct Recruitment to U.P. Higher Judicial Service, 2018
- UP Higher Judicial Service Preliminary Examination, 2018
- Vacancy for the appointment of the SJM/ SMM 2018, Allahabad High Court
- H.P. JUDICIAL SERVICE COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION- 2017
- Delhi Higher Judicial Service Examination, 2017
- Gujarat Judicial Service, District Judge Cadre Exam,2018
- MP High Court Recruitment, 2018 for 28 District Judges through Higher Judicial Service Exam
- Gujarat High Court Recruitment, 2018 – For 75 Civil Judges Post
- High Court of Uttarakhand Recruitment 2018- For 06 Additional District and Sessions Judges Post
- Karnataka Judicial Service, Civil Judge Cadre Exam, 2018
- H.P. Judicial Service Competitive Exam, 2017
- Delhi Higher Judicial Service Examination, 2017
- Delhi Judicial Service Examination, 2017
- Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Service Main (Written) Exam ( Direct Recruitment) 2016
- UP Judicial Service Civil Judge Examination, 2016 Notification
- Madhya Pradesh Higher Judicial Service (Entry Level) Examination (Direct Recruitment from Bar), 2016
- Chhattisgarh Civil Judge (Entry Level) Exam, 2015 | Recruitment Notification
- Bihar Judicial Services Competitive Examination, 2016
- Rajasthan Judicial Service, Civil Judge Cadre, 2016
- Judicial Members in the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), 2016
- U.P. Judicial Service Civil Judge (J.D.) Main Exam 2015, Schedule
- DJSE 2015 | Delhi Judicial Service Examination 2015 | Recruitment Notification
- Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge Class-2 (Entry Level) Exam 2015 | Recruitment Notification
- Uttarakhand Judicial Service Civil Judge (Junior Division) Exam 2015 | Recruitment Notification
- Public Service Commissions Portals
- High Courts Portals
- Result | HCS (Judicial Branch) Pre Exam 2014
- Jharkhand Civil Judge (Junior Division) Exam 2014, Final Result
- Tripura Judicial Service Grade-I Exam 2014, Final Result
- Rajasthan District Judge Cadre Exam 2015, Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service Exam 2015, Recruitment Notification
- Bihar District Judge (Entry Level) Preliminary Exam 2015, Result
- Chhattisgarh Civil Judge (Entry Level) Examination 2014, Final Result
- Rajasthan District Judge Cadre Exam 2015, Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service Exam 2015, Recruitment Notification
- Rajasthan Civil Judge Cadre Exam 2015, Recruitment Notification, Rajasthan Judicial Service, RJS Exam 2015
- Uttarakhand High Court (Nainital) Recruitment 2015, Additional District and Sessions Judges
- Karnataka, Civil Judge Cadre Exam 2015, Recruitment Notification
- West Bengal Judicial Service- 2015 (Direct Recruitment from Bar), List of eligible candidates for being appeared in the Written Examination for recruitment to the cadre of District Judge (Entry Level)
- Punjab and Haryana High Court has declared the Re-revised result of the Preliminary Examination of Haryana Civil Service (Judicial Branch) Exam 2014
- Punjab & Haryana High Court, result of Preliminary Examination of Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) 2015
- Judicial Service Exams
- District Courts of India
- Tribunals & Boards in India
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High Courts
- Kerala High Court
- Uttarakhand High Court
- Tripura High Court
- Sikkim High Court
- Rajasthan High Court
- Punjab and Haryana High Court
- Patna High Court
- Orissa High Court
- Meghalaya High Court
- Manipur High Court
- Madras High Court
- Madhya Pradesh High Court
- Karnataka High Court
- Jharkhand High Court
- Jammu and Kashmir High Court
- Himachal Pradesh High Court
- Gujarat High Court
- Gauhati High Court
- Chhattisgarh High Court
- Calcutta High Court
- Bombay High Court
- Allahbad High Court
- Delhi High Court
- Chief Justice of India & Judges of Supreme Court of India
- Supreme Court of India