Citation : 2025 Latest Caselaw 4070 Jhar
Judgement Date : 19 June, 2025
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
First Appeal (DB) No. 123 of 2023
Raghunandan Kumar aged about 29 years, son of Sukhdeo Rai, Resident of
Village Kripalpur, P.O. and P.S. Dhnwar, District-Giridih (Jharkhand)
-- --- Plaintiff/Appellant
Versus
Anjani Kumari, W/o Raghunandan Kumar, Daughter of Suresh Rai, Resident
of Village Kripalpur, P.O. and P.S. Dhnwar, District- Giridih (Jharkhand) at
present resident of Chitrokurha, P.O. Mandro, P.S. Deori, District- Giridih
(Jharkhand) --- ---Defendant/ Respondent
.......
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RAJESH KUMAR
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Anurag Kashyap, Advocate For the Respondent : Mr. Sudhir Kumar Roy, Advocate
12/ Dated 19th June 2025
This appeal filed under Section 19(1) of the Family Court Act is directed against the judgment dated 12.04.2023 and decree dated 20.04.2023 passed by the learned Additional Principal Judge, Additional Family Court, Giridih in Original Suit No. 303 of 2017 whereby and whereunder the suit preferred by the appellant for dissolution of marriage under Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 has been dismissed.
2. The brief facts as per the pleading are need to be referred herein which reads as under:
The appellant-husband after solemnization of marriage with the respondent-wife on 13.07.2016 as per the Hindu rites and customs has found himself impossible to live with his wife and as such an application was made under Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 for dissolution of marriage on the ground of cruelty.
Cruelty has been tried to be demonstrated on the ground that the respondent-wife is suffering from Polio and in consequence thereof, she is not in a position to perform her household duties and even to
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cook.
3. Evidence has been laid on behalf of both the parties. The learned Family Court on consideration of the evidences of the rival parties and considering the definition of "Cruelty" has come to the conclusion that the element of cruelty is not established on the ground that the respondent-wife is suffering from Polio. As a result, the suit has been dismissed against which the present appeal has been preferred.
Submissions advanced by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant:
4. Ground has been taken by the appellant that the marriage has been solemnized by the parents of the respondent-wife by concealing the fact that the respondent-wife is suffering from Polio, which according to learned counsel for the appellant is sufficient ground to prove the element of cruelty. But the same has not been taken in right perspective by the learned Family Court and hence the present appeal. Submissions advanced by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent:
5. While on the other hand, learned counsel for the respondent- wife has submitted that it is unacceptable that the wife, a human, is suffering from Polio can hide that disease rather Polio is such a disease, which is apparent. It has been contended that it is incorrect on the part of the appellant to take the ground of cruelty merely because the wife was suffering from Polio. Hence the said ground has been taken as a ground for divorce. It has come in the evidence that she has been subjected to torture on the ground that she is suffering from Polio. It has been contended that the learned Family Judge after taking into consideration the aforesaid fact is correct in declining to dissolve the marriage on the ground of physical ailment.
Analysis:
6. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and gone through the finding recorded by the learned Family Judge in the
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impugned judgment as also the evidences available in the trial Court record.
7. This Court after appreciating the arguments advanced on behalf of the parties has to consider as to whether the disease of Polio can be construed to be a ground so as to dissolve the marriage under the provision of Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955.
8. But before consideration of the aforesaid issue, the evidences recorded of the witnesses needs to be referred herein, which reads as under:--
On behalf of the Plaintiff/ Appellant husband P.W.1 Sadanand Rai is the neighbor of the plaintiff (appellant herein) has stated in his evidence at para 1,2 & 3 that the marriage of plaintiff with defendant was solemnized on 13.07.2016 at Chitrokurha, P.S. Deori, District-Giridih according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies and defendant lived in her Sasural for about 14-15 days. He further stated that from the first day, she refused to talk with the plaintiff stated that she does not like plaintiff and her parents and she forcefully married the plaintiff. She does not want to live in her sasural as the plaintiff is an unemployed person and she also started misbehaving with the plaintiff and his family members. He has further stated in para 4 that plaintiff and his family members tried to pacify the matter, but in vain. The witness further deposed that defendant is handicapped and her right leg is totally polio affected and she is unable to move freely and not able to do normal works and this fact was not disclosed by the parents of the defendant prior to marriage with the plaintiff. He further stated in para 6 that when the plaintiff informed and complained to his in-laws, then his father-in-law and brother-in-law came to his house and took the defendant with them on 27.07.2016 with all ornaments, clothes and other articles and while they were going to their village, they threatened that when plaintiff tried to come to his sasural, they will implicate him and his family members in a false criminal case. During cross examination PW-1 Sadanand Rai has stated in para 9 and
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10 that marriage was solemnized in Jharkhandi Dham Temple. In para 11 he has stated that defendant is little bit polio affected but she is able to do normal daily routine work. He further stated in para 14 that parents of plaintiff have seen the defendant prior to her marriage and then marriage was solemnized. In para 16, 17 & 18 he has denied that Raghunandan solemnized second marriage with one Punam Kumari D/o Manoj Rai, so Petitioner deliberately ousted the defendant from his house. He has further stated that he had no knowledge about the case filed by Anjani Kumari against plaintiff and his family members.
PW-2 Baleshwar Rai, also neighbour of plaintiff has stated in his evidence at para 1 and 2 that the marriage of plaintiff with defendant was solemnized on 13.07.2016 at Chitrokurha, P.S-Deori, District- Giridih according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies. He has further stated that after marriage, defendant lived in her Sasural and from the first day, she refused to talk with the plaintiff and her parents forcefully married her with the plaintiff and she does not want to live in her sasural as the plaintiff is an unemployed person and she also started misbehaving with the plaintiff and his family members. He further stated that plaintiff and his family members tried to pacify the matter, but in-vain. He further stated that the defendant lived at her sasural for 13-14 days only. He further stated in para 3 that defendant is handicapped and her right leg is totally polio affected and she is unable to move freely and to do normal works and this fact was not disclosed by the parents of the defendant prior to marriage to the plaintiff. He further stated in para 4 and 5 that plaintiff is a Graduate and he is preparing for competitive examinations and his future is totally ruined by defendant. He further stated that when the plaintiff informed and complained to his in-laws, then his father-in-law and brother-in-law came to his house and took the defendant with them with all ornaments, clothes and other articles and while they were going to their village, they threatened that if plaintiff try to come to his sasural, they will implicate him and his family members in a false
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criminal case. During cross examination PW-2 Baleshwar Rai has stated in para 8 and 9 that the marriage of plaintiff with defendant is an arranged marriage. He further stated that the defendant reside in her sasural for 13-14 days only and after that his brother came and took the defendant to her naihar. In para 15, 16 he has denied that husband of the defendant solemnised second marriage in Tilaiya. He further stated that father of the defendant filed a dowry case against the plaintiff and his family members. He further denied that it is not a fact that when defendant filed a dowry case against the husband and In- laws then plaintiff filed this present case for divorce and further he denied that Anjani wants to reside in her sasural, but in-laws did not want to keep her.
PW-3, Raghunandan Kumar is plaintiff himself has stated in his evidence in para 1and 2 that his marriage was solemnized with the defendant on 13.07.2016 as per the Hindu Rites and customs and after marriage, the defendant came to her matrimonial house. In para 3 he has further stated that from the first day of marriage, the defendant started behaving with unbearable cruelty with him, whenever he wants to talk with her, she totally refused to talk with him. He further stated that the reason behind this is that the defendant did not want to marry with him as he is an unemployed person, but her parents solemnised her marriage with him by force and without her consent and also threaten her of dire consequences. He further stated that from the second day of her marriage, she washed her vermilion (Sindur) from her head. In para 4 he has stated that just after marriage when defendant came to his home he came to know that she is handicapped and her right leg is totally polio affected and she is unable to move freely and cannot to do normal routine works. This fact was not disclosed by the parents of the defendant prior to the marriage and he is under mental torture. He further stated in para 6 that he is a graduate and he is in preparation of competitive examinations, but now his career is in danger of being ruined in the above circumstances
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and mental torture by the Defendant. In para 7 he has stated that he tried to establish physical relation as husband and she flatly refused which caused mental torture. He has further stated that when he informed and complained to his father-in-law and brother-in-law, they came to his house and took the defendant with them in 13-14 days of his marriage with all ornaments, clothes and other articles and while they were going to their village, they threatened that if he try to come to his sasural, they will implicate him and his family members in a false criminal case. He further stated that since 27.07.2016, the defendant is residing in her naihar. During cross examination, in paras 12 and 13 he has stated that he is a Graduate and preparing for competitive examinations and he visited to his sasural three times for taking his wife. In para 14 and 15 he has admitted that he could not went to see the defendant Anjani Kumari prior to his marriage but his father and mother went to see the defendant and like her after negotiation, marriage took place. He further stated in para 17 that he also does not like her as from the first day of his marriage, she misbehaved with him. In para 18 plaintiff refused to keep defendant as wife in spite of that defendant is ready to reside with him as wife. In para 19 and 20 he has admitted that there is no consultation of doctor for treatment of polio of his wife defendant and no panchayati was called for. In para 22 he denied that he solemnized second marriage with the daughter of Manoj Rai and also denied for demand of dowry and ousted his wife/defendant. In para 25 he has denied that it is not a fact that second day of his marriage, he knows that defendant is polio affected, so he does not want keep her.
PW-4, Sukhdeo Rai, the father of the plaintiff has stated in his evidence para 1and 2 that the marriage of his son was solemnized with the defendant on 13.07.2016 as per the Hindu Rites and customs and after marriage, the defendant came to her matrimonial house and resided for 15 days only. He further stated in para 3 that from the very beginning, the defendant started behaving with unbearable cruelty
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with the plaintiff and whenever plainüff wants to talk with her, she totally refused to talk with him. He further stated that the reason behind this is that the defendant did not want to marry with his son as he is an unemployed person, but her parents solemnized her marriage with him by force and without her consent and also threatened her of dire consequences. Further stated that from second day of her marriage, she washed her vermilion (Suhag) from her head. He further stated in para 4 that unfortunate the defendant is handicapped and her right leg is totally polio affected and she is unable to move freely and to do normal works and this fact was not disclosed by the parents of the defendant prior to the marriage. He further stated in para 6 that his son is in preparation of competitive examinations, but now his career is in danger of being ruined in the above circumstances. He further stated in para 7 that when his son informed and complained to his in- laws, then his father-in-law and brother-in-law came to his house and took the defendant with them on 27.07.2016 with all ornaments, clothes and other articles and while they were going to their village, they threatened that if he try to come to his sasural, they will implicate him and his family members in a false criminal case and since then, the defendant is residing in her naihar. During cross examination, he has stated in para 6, 7 and 8 that he is living separately from his son prior to his marriage and after his consent, the marriage of his son was solemnized. He further stated that he and his one relative went for negotiation and after 4-5 days, the marriage was solemnised. He further stated that plaintiff and defendant were always quarreling with each other. He further stated that his wife has told that defendant is polio affected. He further stated that his son is residing in house and he is disturbed and defendant is a Graduate. He further stated that defendant misbehaved with them, so his son filed this case and his son is also a Graduate. He denied that his son has solemnized second marriage. He further stated that the defendant has filed dowry case against them.
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On behalf of Defendant/Respondent wife DW-1 Awdhesh Kumar Rai is neighbour of the defendant, who has stated in his evidence at para 2and 3 that the marriage of defendant with plaintiff was solemnised on 13.07.2016 according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies and she went to her sasural. He further stated that after her marriage, the plaintiff and her In-laws started demanding Rs. Ten lacs and one Bullet motorcycle and on non-fulfillment of the said demand, she was tortured by them and in the year 2016 on the eve of Durgapuja after assaulting her, she was sent to her naihar. He further stated in para 4 that the father of the defendant tried to pacify the matter, but in-vain. He further stated in para 5 that by the consent of all, the marriage of defendant with plaintiff was solemnised and the defendant is a Graduate and able to do all work and she is doing all her matrimonial obligation, but due to dowry demand she was tortured and ousted from her sasural by her In-laws, so she filed a dowry case in Deori P.S bearing no-94/17 against them. He has further stated that defendant wants to reside in her sasural but husband and In-laws did not want to keep her. He further stated in para 9 that plaintiff solemnised second marriage with one Punam Kumari, D/O Manoj Rai of Dhanwar, Giridih in the lifetime of the defendant an 07.03.2018, So the defendant had also filed a case against them and her husband filed the present suit against her with false allegation. During cross examination, he stated that his house is situated at a distance of 5 KM from the naihar of defendant and the dowry was not demanded in- front of him. He has stated in para 22 that plaintiff runs a computer shop at Firayalal Chowk, Ranchi with name and style "Raghunandan shop". He has stated that he has not attended second marriage of the Plaintiff. He further denied that it is not a fact that defendant is not able to do daily routine work due to polio in her right leg. He has denied that Plaintiff was in jail custody. It is not a fact that respondent misbehaved with her In-laws.
DW-2 Anjani Kumari, defendant herself and she has stated in her
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evidence that her marriage with plaintiff was solemnised on 13.07.2016 according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies and she went to her sasural. She further stated that plaintiff had earlier filed a case bearing Case No-274/2016, which was dismissed and this fact was not placed by the plaintiff in this present petition. She has further stated that after one of her marriage, the plaintiff and her In-laws started demanding Rs. Ten lacs and one Bullet motorcycle and on non- fulfillment of the said demand, she was tortured by them and in the year 2016 on the eve of Durgapuja after assaulting her they sent her to naihar. She further stated that she is able to do all work and she is doing all matrimonial obligation, but due to dowry demand she was tortured and ousted from her sasural by her In-laws, so she filed a dowry case in Deori P.S Case no-94/17 against them. She has further stated that by the consent of all, her marriage with plaintiff was solemnised and she wants to reside in her sasural but her In-laws did not want to keep her. She further stated that his father tried to pacify the matter and conveyed a Panchayti, but in-vain and plaintiff solemnised second marriage with one Punam Kumari in her lifetime on 07.03.2018 and for this reason her life got ruined by them. Her husband filed the present suit against her with false allegation. During cross examination, she stated that she is graduate and doing nothing and she wants to reside with her husband. She further stated that after marriage, she reside in her sasural for one month together, but due to dowry demand, they tortured her and after assaulting her, ousted her from matrimonial home. She further stated that she came to her naihar on the eve of Durgapuja and then she never went to her sasural. She further stated that her husband has solemnised second marriage. She has further stated in para 18 that Rs. 7,20,000/- was not given by her father-in-law, but by the order of Hon'ble Jharkhand High Court in 498 A IPC case, it was given to her and the said amount is in her Allahabad bank account. Further she stated in her para 24 that her father-in-law went to judicial custody and he is a government teacher
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and her husband is running a Computer Coaching in Ranchi. DW-3 Suresh Rai, father of the defendant has stated in his evidence that the marriage of her daughter with plaintiff was solemnised on 13.07.2016 according to Hindu Rites and Ceremonies and she went to her sasural. He further stated after marriage, the plaintiff and her In- laws started demanding Rs. Ten lacs and one Bullet motorcycle and on non-fulfillment of the said demand, she was tortured by them and in the year 2016 on the eve of Durgapuja after assaulting her, she was sent to her to naihar. He further stated that he convened Panchayti and tried to pacify the matter but in-vain. He further stated that by the consent of all, the marriage of her daughter with plaintiff was solemnized. She further stated that her daughter is graduate and she is able to do all work and doing her all matrimonial obligation, but due to dowry demand she was tortured and ousted from her sasural by her In-laws, so she filed a dowry case being Deori P.S Case no-94/17 against them. He further stated that her daughter wants to reside in her sasural but In-laws did not want to keep her. He further stated that plaintiff solemnized second marriage with one Punam Kumari in the lifetime of his daughter on 07.05.2018 and for this reason her life got ruined by them, so her daughter filed a case against them and her husband filed the present suit against her with false allegation. During cross examination, he has stated that defendant is his daughter and after her marriage, she resided in her sasural for 2 months only. He further stated that his son-in-law had a Splendor Plus Bike and he runs a computer Shop. He further stated that on the victim compensation, the court had directed to pay a sum of Rs.7,20,000/- to her daughter and the plaintiff had paid the same. He further stated that his daughter is not handicapped person and she is doing tuition work and also work on a computer. He denied that his daughter has misbehaved with her In-laws.
9. This Court has found from the material available on record and the statement as recorded in the evidences of the different witnesses
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adduced on behalf of the parties that the disease of Polio to which the respondent wife is said to be suffering has been taken as a ground of cruelty by the appellant-husband for dissolution of marriage.
10. Further ground has been taken that due to the said ailment, the respondent wife is not in a position to perform her day to day household work in her matrimonial house and even she is not in a position to cook food rather she threatens her husband to solemnize second marriage.
11. This Court needs to refer herein as to whether the suffering of Polio of the wife and threatening on her part to the husband of solemnizing second marriage will be construed to be cruelty or not within the meaning of "Cruelty".
12. The "Cruelty" has not been defined in the Hindu Marriage Act,1955 however, the Hon'ble Apex Court in Several decisions has interpreted the meaning of "Cruelty" for the purpose of taking such circumstances for dissolution of marriage while considering the application filed under section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
13. The "cruelty" has been interpreted by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Dr. N.G. Dastane vs. Mrs. S. Dastane, (1975) 2 SCC 326 wherein it has been held that the Court has to enquire, as to whether, the conduct charge as cruelty, is of such a character, as to cause in the mind of the petitioner, a reasonable apprehension that, it will be harmful or injurious for him to live with the respondent.
14. In the case of Shobha Rani v. Madhukar Reddi, (1988)1 SCC 105 wherein the wife has alleged that the husband and his parents demanded dowry. The Hon'ble Apex Court has emphasized that "cruelty" can have no fixed definition. According to the Hon'ble Apex Court, "cruelty" is the "conduct in relation to or in respect of matrimonial conduct in respect of matrimonial obligations". It is the conduct which adversely affects the spouse. Such cruelty can be either "mental" or "physical", "intentional or unintentional". For example,
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unintentionally waking your spouse up in the middle of the night may be mental cruelty. Intention is not an essential element of cruelty but it may be present. Physical cruelty is less ambiguous and more "a question of fact and degree.". The Hon'ble Apex Court has further observed therein that while dealing with such complaints of cruelty it is important for the Court to not search for a standard in life, since cruelty in one case may not be cruelty in another case. What must be considered include the kind of life the parties are used to, "their economic and social conditions", and the "culture and human values to which they attach importance." The nature of allegations need not only be illegal conduct such as asking for dowry. Making allegations against the spouse in the written statement filed before the court in judicial proceedings may also be held to constitute cruelty.
15. In V. Bhagat vs. D. Bhagat (Mrs.), (1994)1 SCC 337, the wife has alleged in her written statement that her husband was suffering from "mental problems and paranoid disorder". The wife's lawyer also levelled allegations of "lunacy" and "insanity" against the husband and his family while he was conducting a cross-examination. The Hon'ble Apex Court held these allegations against the husband to constitute "cruelty".
16. In Vijaykumar Ramchandra Bhate v. Neela Vijay Kumar Bhate, (2003)6 SCC 334 the Hon'ble Apex Court has observed by taking into consideration the allegations levelled by the husband in his written statement that his wife was "unchaste" and had indecent familiarity with a person outside wedlock and that his wife was having an extramarital affair. These allegations, given the context of an educated Indian woman, were held to constitute "cruelty" itself.
17. The Hon'ble Apex Court in Joydeep Majumdar v. Bharti Jaiswal Majumdar, (2021) 3 SCC 742, has been pleased to observe that while judging whether the conduct is cruel or not, what has to be seen is whether that conduct, which is sustained over a period of time, renders the life of the spouse so miserable as to make it unreasonable
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to make one live with the other. The conduct may take the form of abusive or humiliating treatment, causing mental pain and anguish, torturing the spouse, etc. The conduct complained of must be "grave" and "weighty" and trivial irritations and normal wear and tear of marriage would not constitute mental cruelty as a ground for divorce. It is, thus, evident that the Hon'ble Apex Court in the recent judgment passed in Joydeep Majumdar v. Bharti Jaiswal Majumdar (supra) has been pleased to lay down that while judging whether the conduct is cruel or not, what has to be seen is whether that conduct, which is sustained over a period of time, renders the life of the spouse so miserable as to make it unreasonable to make one live with the other. The conduct may take the form of abusive or humiliating treatment, causing mental pain and anguish, torturing the spouse, etc. The conduct complained of must be "grave" and "weighty" and trivial irritations and normal wear and tear of marriage would not constitute mental cruelty as a ground for divorce.
18. It is thus evident from the aforesaid judgments that the cruelty has been defined to be a nature of the ground which is above the normal ground and not all type of quarrel is to be considered as cruelty. None of the judgment has referred that suffering from any disease can come within the fold of cruelty.
19. This Court after having referred the impugned judgment and adverting to the factual aspect is of the view that suffering of Polio or any kind of disease will not come under the fold of cruelty. Further, simple threatening to solemnize second marriage given by the wife to the husband, will also not come under the definition of cruelty.
20. Further ground has been taken about suppression of fact of Polio in the right leg at the time of solemnization of marriage also found not be substantiated, since, Polio in the right leg of the respondent wife is the admitted fact herein. The said fact could have been considered by the husband prior to solemnization of marriage but once the marriage has been solemnized then it is understood that
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solemnization of marriage must have been done only after observing the lady i.e., respondent wife and further the suffering from Polio in the right leg cannot be suppressed as has been stated by the husband as it would be apparent when the person suffering from polio walks, which is visible by the naked eye. However, if the suffering of Polio in on any hand, that could have been concealed.
21. This Court having discussed the factual as well as the legal position has found that the learned Family Court has relied upon the judgment of the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Dr. N.G. Dastane Vrs. Mrs. S.Dastane (1975) 2 SCC 326; V. Bhagat Vs. D. Bhagat (Mrs.) (1994) 1 SCC 337 and the case of Chetan Dass V. Kamla Devi (2001) 4 SCC 250 while considering the element of cruelty and come to the conclusion that the ground of cruelty taken by the husband does not fit to dissolve the marriage. The learned Family Court has also taken endeavour to judge the physical deformity of the respondent wife by calling her to the Court. The learned Family Court has noticed that respondent wife is having average height and there is no crippling walk noticed by the Court. Further the respondent wife walked before the Court and there is a slight cripple in her right leg which appears when observed very carefully. For reference, the aforesaid findings recorded by the learned Family Court at paragraph 22 of the impugned judgment is quoted hereunder:
"I have discussed the evidence of Husband/Petitioner as PW 3, it deposed that respondent refused to reside with him only 14 days and also refused to cohabitation with him even refused to talk with the petitioner/husband but he admitted in his cross-examination para 12 and 13 that he was visited to his sasural for taking his wife which shows that there is cordial relation in between the parties. So far the physical condition of respondent is concerned as alleged suffering from Polio in her right leg and unable to do daily routine work, this court noticed that during the recording of the evidence and also subsequent date fixed for hearing/Argument of the suit the respondent Anjani Kumari present before the court and it was notice that she/wife is having average height and there is no any crippling walk noticed by the court. Further that the respondent walked before the court in very discipline manner and there is very slight cripple in her right leg, which appears when watch her very carefully. The main allegation of the plaintiff is that due to Polio in her right leg and unable to do any work, but court was found that she is able to do her own work in natural way. Therefore, the court finds that the allegation against the respondent is suffering from Polio in her right leg and unable to do daily routine work is
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found no force to relay."
22. This Court, considering the aforesaid finding as recorded in the impugned judgment is of the view that the impugned judgment requires no interference by this Court.
23. Accordingly, the present first appeal is dismissed. Pending I.A, if any also stands disposed of.
(Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.)
(Rajesh Kumar, J.)
Jharkhand High Court 19th June 2025 A.Mohanty/Raja /AFR
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