Calcutta High Court (Appellete Side)
Union Of India & Ors vs Ravindra Kumar Singh on 13 September, 2024
Author: Tapabrata Chakraborty
Bench: Tapabrata Chakraborty
IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
Civil Appellate Jurisdiction
APPELLATE SIDE
Present:
The Hon'ble Justice Tapabrata Chakraborty
&
The Hon'ble Justice Partha Sarathi Chatterjee
MAT 1170 of 2023
+
IA No. CAN 1 of 2023 [Stay]
Union of India & Ors.
-Versus-
Ravindra Kumar Singh
With
MAT 1350 of 2023
With
IA No. CAN 2 of 2023 [Stay]
Ravindra Kumar Singh
-Versus-
Union of India & Ors.
For the Appellants in : Mr. S.N. Dutta.
[MAT 1170 of 2023] &
For the Respondents in
[MAT 1350 of 2023]
For the Appellant in : Mr. Soumya Majumder,
[MAT 1350 of 2023] & Mr. Biswroop Bhattacharjee,
For the Respondent in Mr. Victor Chatterjee,
[MAT 1170 of 2023] Mr. Navin Kumar Singh,
Ms. Surabita Biswas.
Hearing is concluded on : 1st August, 2024.
Judgment On : 13th September, 2024.
2
Tapabrata Chakraborty, J.
1. The subject matter of challenge in the present appeals is a judgment
dated 12.05.2023 passed in a writ petition being W.P.A. 2180 of 2005 preferred
by Ravindra Kumar Singh (in short, Ravindra) primarily praying for the
following relief:
'Issue a writ of/in the nature of Mandamus commanding the Respondents
and each of them and/or their concerned employees, staff, servants,
subordinates and/or authorities and each of them to forthwith cancel and/or
quash and/or rescind and/or recall and/or revoke the impugned genform of
dismissal dated September 8, 2004 and approval of the same being August 4/6,
2004 as in Annexures "P38" and "P40" and to forthwith reinstate your Petitioner
as Adhikari (Met) in 700 Squadron, Bagjola with all benefits and arrears pay,
emoluments and perquisites without there being any break in service.'
2. The facts in brief are that while Ravindra was borne on the books of 700
Squadron, Bagjola, Kolkata (in short, the Unit) as Pradhan Navik (Met), it was
alleged by one Sri. S.C.Sharma, Commandant (JG) that a representative of
Citibank visited him at office along with the salary certificate of Ravindra,
P/Nvk, 00927-M for verification. On realising that the particulars in the
certificate like basic pay etc. were inflated and the signature of certifying
officer, i.e. Comdt (JG) SC Sharma, was a forged one, he requested the bank
staff to forward the documents under official covering letter. Thereafter one Mr.
Manoj Pokle, an official of e-service, informed him that the bank has already
made a letter in such regard on 28.10.2002. Since no correspondence was
received till 18.11.2002, the Unit again contacted the firm and it was intimated
that the letter was delivered through courier service to L.G. Sajju on
09.11.2002, however, the letter could not be traced after that. Subsequent
thereto, a charge sheet dated 27.11.2002 was issued against Ravindra by the
Commanding Officer (in short, CO) under Section 33 of the Coast Guard Act,
1978 (in short, the 1978 Act). For further examination and ascertaining the
facts of the case, the loan application and the salary certificate were sent to the
office of the Government Examiner of Questioned Documents, Kolkata along
with specimen signatures of the Ravindra and SC Sharma. The Examiner
opined that the signatures on loan application are that of Ravindra but with
regard to the salary certificate, that being of a poor xerographic reproduction,
the Examiner expressed his inability to give a definite opinion regarding its
authorship. Thereafter by a memo dated 24.12.2002, the CO nominated an
officer for recording of evidence. The Record of Evidence (in short, ROE) was
prepared and certified in terms of Rule 23 of the Coast Guard (Discipline)
Rules, 1983 (in short, 1983 Rules) and forwarded to the CO, who upon re-
hearing in terms of Rule 26 (2) (b) of the 1983 Rules incorporated a third
charge and submitted the Punishment Approval Form (in short, PAF). The said
PAF was thereafter scrutinized by Senior Law Officer/Commandant in the light
of the recommendations dated 12.02.2004 and 19.02.2004 of the
intermediatory authorities in the chain of command being Sreekumar, Dy.
Director (EPS) and the Director (Personnel) respectively and opinion was
forwarded to the Director General (in short, DG) vide memo dated 30.07.2004.
Thereafter the DG vide memo dated 04.08.2004 set aside the third charge but
approved the punishment of 'dismissal from Coast Guard service' and the said
punishment was proclaimed vide memo dated 08.09.2024. Aggrieved by the
same, Ravindra approached this Court.
3. The writ petition upon contested hearing was disposed of by a judgment
delivered on 12.05.2023. The operative part of the said judgment runs as
follows:
'For all the reasons as aforesaid, the writ petition stands allowed. The order of
the approving authority dated 4th August, 2004 and the proclamation dated 8th
September 2004 are set aside and quashed giving liberty to the approving
authority to take a fresh decision in the light of the observations made
hereinbefore strictly in accordance with law within a period of four weeks from
the date of receipt of the server copy of this order. The connected application also
stands disposed of. There shall be, however, no order as to costs'.
4. Challenging the said judgment both Ravindra and the Coast Guard
authorities (in short, CGA) preferred separate appeals being MAT 1350 of 2023
and MAT 1170 of 2023 respectively and the same were heard analogously.
5. Mr. Majumder, learned advocate appearing for the appellant, being
Ravindra in the appeal being MAT No. 1350 of 2023 submits that the learned
single Judge after arriving at a finding that 'it is evident from the materials
placed that the charges against the petitioner have been held to be proved based
only on presumption and suspicion', ought not to have granted liberty to the
Approving Authority (in short, the AA) to take a fresh decision.
6. He argues that the lis amongst the parties may be segregated in two
distinct parts. The first part is the challenge against an order of approval of
dismissal dated 04.08.2004 by which the punishment of 'dismissal from cost
guard service' was approved and the second part is the challenge against the
'impugned Genform of dismissal dated September 08, 2004' by which Ravindra
was awarded a punishment of dismissal from cost guard service with effect
from 08.09.2004. A perusal of the judgment impugned would reveal that both
the above orders were set aside by the learned single Judge and liberty was
granted to the AA to take a fresh decision. Such relegation of the dispute to the
AA is absolutely unreasoned and unsustainable in law.
7. He argues that the expert opined that the salary certificate 'being of a
poor Xerographic reproductions do not afford suitable data for basing a definite
opinion regarding their authorship'. On the basis of such expert opinion no
finding could have been arrived at that Ravindra forged the signature of Comdt
(JG) S.C. Sharma.
8. He contends that the charges were not proved against Ravindra and the
suspicion entertained by the employee, in law cannot be treated as evidence
against Ravindra. The CGA before punishing him ought to have taken
scrupulous care to ensure that an innocent is not punished. Being oblivious of
such proposition of law, the learned single Judge erred in law in reopening the
proceeding and such direction leads to reinvigoration of a claim finally decided.
There exists no legal evidence on record to link Ravindra with the alleged
charged. The learned single Judge glossed over the said issues, as urged, and
did not return any finding on the same. Such infirmity warrants interference of
this Court.
9. He argues that Ravindra has been deprived of knowing the reasons which
may have weighed with the AA to approve the order of dismissal. The manner
in which the approval has been granted leaves much to be desired. Reasons
introduce clarity in an order. On plainest consideration of justice, the AA ought
to have set-forth its reasons, howsoever, brief in its order. The absence of
reasons has rendered the order unsustainable and the same was rightly
interfered with. In support of the arguments advanced reliance has been placed
upon the judgments delivered in the cases of Union of India vs. H.C. Goel,
reported in AIR 1964 SC 364, Narinder Mohan Arya vs. United India Insurance
CO. LTD. and Ors., reported in (2006) 4 SCC 713 and Roop Singh Negi vs.
Punjab National Bank and Ors., reported in (2009) 2 SCC 570.
10. Drawing our attention to Section 57 of the 1978 Act and Rule 20 of the
1983 Rules, Mr. Dutta, learned advocate appearing for the CGA, the appellants
in MAT 1170 of 2023, submits that a composite reading of the said provisions
would reveal that in the event of imposition of a punishment of dismissal,
approval of the authority under Section 57 (a) is required. The word 'approval'
refers to an act of officially accepting, endorsing or sanctioning a decision or an
action. The AA is not required to record elaborate reasons, in the event it has
concurred with the findings of the disciplinary authority (in short, DA), as
would be explicit from Rule 28 (e) of the 1983 Rules. The learned single Judge
failed to appreciate that as per Rule 28(e) of the 1983 Rules, if the DG agrees
with the DA as regards imposition of the punishment of dismissal, he is
required to grant a formal approval without any detailed reasoning.
11. He argues that Ravindra was working in a disciplined force and such
service demands an impeccable integrity and track record besides good
character and suitability. The standard of discipline expected from a member of
a disciplined force needs to be construed at a different pedestal. The questions
involved are not trivial. The charges against Ravindra were of falsifying official
documents and false declaration and moral turpitude. Having regard to the
seriousness of the charge and the fact that Ravindra was a member of a
disciplined force, the learned single judge ought not to have interfered with the
order of punishment. Question of any relaxation of the order of dismissal also
does not occasion inasmuch as it needs to be borne in mind that in a
disciplined force absolute integrity and honesty is required to be preserved and
in the event such discipline is not maintained, the confidence of public would
be impaired and that the appellant, being a member of disciplined force, is
expected to be extremely cautious in his duties and having committed an
offence, he cannot lament and seek sympathy from this Court.
12. He contends that execution of an application for home loan by Ravindra
stood established. The expert opinion and the deposition of the witnesses
corroborated such fact. Upon a detailed and comprehensive scrutiny of records,
the punishment of dismissal was recommended by the DA after re-hearing the
matter in consonance with the provisions of Rule 26 (2) (b) of the 1983 Rules
and in the said conspectus, the learned single judge arrived at an erroneous
conclusion that the recommendation was based upon extraneous materials
and that the conclusion was presumptive.
13. He submits that there was no jurisdictional error on the part of the CGA
in conducting the disciplinary proceedings, no infirmity in the decision-making
process and no violation of the principle of natural justice warranting
interference in exercise of jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of
India moreso when the documents and the deposition of the witnesses satisfies
the standard of proof on the rudiments of preponderance of probabilities.
14. He further argues that the writ Court cannot transpose itself as an
appellate authority over the order of punishment passed by the competent
authority upon re-appreciation of the evidence or adequacy and reliability of the
evidence. In support of the arguments advanced reliance has been placed upon
the judgments delivered in the cases of Jayrajbhai Jayantibhai Patel -vs-
Anilbhai Jayantibhai Patel & Ors., reported in (2006) 8 SCC 200, Ex-Constable
Ramvir Singh -vs- Union of India, reported in AIR 2009 SC 33, Ajit Kumar Nag
vs. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd., Haldia and Ors., reported in (2005) 7 SCC 764, Union
of India vs. P. Gunasekaran, reported in (2015) 2 SCC 610, Union of India vs. Ex.
Constable Ram Karan, reported in (2022) 1 SCC 373 and Union of India vs.
Constable Sunil Kumar, reported in (2023) 3 SCC 622.
15. In reply, Mr. Majumder argues that Ravindra cannot be made a victim of
a presumptive conclusion. Any probability of misconduct needs to be supported
with oral or documentary material and this requirement has not been fulfilled
in present case. The charges could not be established against Ravindra and in
view thereof, the relegation of the matter again to the AA is not sustainable in
as much as the AA cannot sit in appeal over the findings of the learned single
Judge that Ravindra ought not to have been penalized on the rudiments of
mere suspicion.
16. We have heard the learned advocates appearing for the parties at length
and we have given our anxious consideration to the facts and circumstances of
the case.
17. A perusal of the judgment impugned would reveal that the learned
Single Judge observed inter alia as follows:
a. The finding of the CO to the effect that the petitioner attached a forged
salary certificate with inflated salary details only on the basis that the
loan application was signed by the petitioner was based 'only on
presumption';
b. The recommendation of the Director (Personnel) was 'based on
extraneous materials which are not relevant'.
18. The essence of judicial approach is objectivity, exclusion of extraneous
materials or consideration and observation of rules of natural justices.
Sufficiency of evidence in proof of the finding is beyond scrutiny by Court,
while absence of any evidence in support of a finding is an error of law
apparent on the record. Suspicion, howsoever high is not a substitute for proof.
The judgments upon which reliance has been placed by Mr. Dutta, do not
dispute such proposition.
19. Remand of a disciplinary proceeding means sending the case back to
the original decision-making body for further review, consideration or action.
The goal of remand is to ensure that the disciplinary process is thorough,
impartial and just. The learned single Judge after arriving at a specific finding
that 'it is evident from the material placed that the charges against the petitioner
have been held to be proved based only on presumption and suspicion' ought
not to have granted liberty to the AA to take a fresh decision in the light of the
observations made in the order.
20. That the order impugned is absolutely silent as to why after setting
aside the order of the AA dated 04.08.2004 and the proclamation dated
08.09.2004 liberty was granted to the AA to take a fresh decision. Such
relegation would be an exercise in futility since the AA cannot sit in appeal over
the observations of the Court.
21. The order of approval of punishment dated 4th/6th August, 2004 and the
order of proclamation of dismissal dated 08.09.2004 were challenged in the
writ petition filed in the year 2005 which was ultimately disposed of about 18
years thereafter on 12.05.2023. The relegation of the matter for reconsideration
after the lapse of such a long period of time would be iniquitous since Ravindra
is at the fag end of his service career and is due to retire in the month of
January, 2025. It would, therefore, not be in the interest of the justice to
remand the issue at this stage for start of another innings.
22. On 26.12.2003, the CO incorporated a fresh charge of false statement
since Ravindra while deposing made a statement of not applying for loan. In the
report of the Deputy Commandant dated 12.02.2004 it was observed inter alia
that the third charge stood dropped since the statement does not amount to a
deposition. It was also observed that the charge of submission of forged
document could not be established. In the follow up report of the Director
(Personnel) dated 19.02.2004 it was observed inter alia that 'it may be presumed
that the forged salary certificate in question could have been the handwork of the
individual himself'. Surprisingly thereafter the Commandant/Senior Law Officer
in his report dated 30.07.2004 even after noting that Ravindra had not been
identified by any of the witnesses and that the Expert had not been examined
and that there are shortcomings in the ROE, still recommended approval of the
first and the second charges. The apparent inconsistences and imperfections
and contradictory findings do not establish the charges of falsifying official
documents and false declaration. The CGA in paragraph 28 of the affidavit-in-
opposition have even alleged moral turpitude against Ravindra which does not
even feature in the chargesheet itself.
23. In service jurisprudence dismissal from employment is akin to civil
death. The sequence of facts reveals that the CGA have proceeded in an
arbitrary manner and have imposed punishment of dismissal. Ravindra's
conduct is irreproachable and his understanding of responsibility and
adherence to discipline is not questionable and his reinstatement would not
tantamount to foisting a cantankerous and abrasive officer upon the employer
moreso when he had no antecedent and had discharged 18 years of
unblemished service.
24. For the reasons discussed above, the decision of the learned Single
Judge setting aside the order of the AA dated 04.08.2004 and the proclamation
dated 08.09.2004 is affirmed and the portion of the impugned order giving
liberty to the AA to take a fresh decision in the light of the observations, is set
aside and the CGA are directed to reinstate Ravindra within 6 weeks from the
date of communication of this order and to start payment of Ravindra's
monthly salaries and other allowances, month by month. The CGA shall treat
Ravindra in service without any break as if no order of dismissal was ever
issued to Ravindra.
25. It is true that once the order of termination of service of an employee is
set aside, ordinarily the relief of reinstatement is available to him. However, the
entitlement of an employee to get reinstated does not necessarily result in
payment of full or partial back-wages, which is independent of reinstatement.
While dealing with the prayer of back-wages, factual scenario, equity, good
conscience and a number of other factors, like the manner of selection; nature
of appointment; the period for which the employee has worked with the
employer etc.; have to be kept in view. Appropriate pleadings need to be on
record pertaining to the issue as to whether the employee was not gainfully
employed or was employed on lesser wages. The Court may also deny the relief
of award of full back wages where that would place an impossible burden on
the employer. None of the parties appear to have taken appropriate steps
towards early disposal of the writ petition and accordingly the burden of such
pendency of the writ petition for more than 18 years cannot be placed solely
upon the employer.
26. In the said conspectus, we are of the opinion that a balance would be
maintained and the interest of justice would be subserved through issuance of
a direction upon the CGA to disburse 50% of the back wages to Ravindra from
the date of dismissal till the date reinstatement in terms of this order.
27. Accordingly, the CGA are directed to calculate and disburse the back
wages within a period of 8 weeks from the date of communication of this order.
The appeal preferred by Ravindra being MAT 1350 of 2023 and the connected
applications are, accordingly, disposed of.
28. The appeal preferred by CGA being MAT 1170 of 2023 and the
connected applications are dismissed.
29. There shall, however, be no order as to costs.
30. Urgent photostat certified copy of this judgment, if applied for, shall be
granted to the parties as expeditiously as possible, upon compliance of all
formalities.
(Partha Sarathi Chatterjee, J.) (Tapabrata Chakraborty, J.)
