Four Star International vs Employees' Provident Fund ...
2023 Latest Caselaw 7365 Cal

Form No.J(2)


                  IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
                 CONSTITUTIONAL WRIT JURISDICTION
                          APPELLATE SIDE

Present:

The Hon'ble Justice Raja Basu Chowdhury


                             WPA 17025 of 2019

                           Four Star International
                                   Versus
               Employees' Provident Fund Commissioner & Ors.



For the petitioner       :     Mr. Ranjay De
                               Mr. Basabjit Banerjee
                               Mr. A. A. Bose

For the respondents      :     Mr. Shiv Chandra Prasad

Heard on                 :     16th November, 2023

Judgment on              :     16th November, 2023.


Raja Basu Chowdhury, J:

1. The present writ petition has been filed, inter alia, challenging the

order dated 23rd March, 2019 passed under Section 7A of the

Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

(hereinafter referred to as the "said Act") as also the order dated 1st

July, 2019 passed under Section 7B of the said Act.

2. The petitioner claims that the petitioner is covered under the

provisions of the said Act. The petitioner was served with a show-cause

dated 7th March, 2018, inter alia, calling upon the petitioner to show-

cause as to why penal action be not initiated against the petitioner

under the provisions of the said Act on account of the petitioner

allegedly not extending the provident fund benefit to its employees

and/or on account of non-deposition of provident fund dues.

3. Since the aforesaid notice was based on and referred to a report

of the enforcement officer dated 5th February, 2018, by a

communication in writing dated 12th March, 2018, the petitioner had

requested the Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner, Employees'

Provident Fund Organization to favour the petitioner with a copy of the

said report for the petitioner to appropriately respond to the said show-

cause.

4. Despite such request, the petitioner was not favoured with the

copy of the report dated 5th February, 2018. Subsequently, hearing

took place before the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner,

Employees' Provident Fund Organization's office, Kolkata, and

ultimately by an order dated 29th March, 2019, the Regional Provident

Fund Commissioner had determined the contributions payable by the

petitioner for the period April, 2014 to November, 2017 by basing its

findings on the report dated 5th February, 2018.

5. Since, the petitioner did not get appropriate opportunity to set up

its defence, on the ground of failure on the part of the provident fund

authorities to favour the petitioner with a copy of the aforesaid report

dated 5th February, 2018, the petitioner had filed an application for

review under sub-section (1) of Section 7B of the said Act read with

section 79A of the Employees' Provident Fund Scheme, 1952 by relying

on certain documents. By an order dated 1st July, 2019 the Regional

Provident Fund Commissioner by, inter alia, observing that the

petitioner had been given enough opportunity to respond to the show-

cause and the petitioner having failed to produce any document

including the document relating to "Godown imprest" in course of the

enquiry, was pleased to reject the said application under Section 7B of

the said Act and directed the petitioner to comply with the order dated

29th March, 2019 passed under Section 7A of the said Act.

6. Challenging the aforesaid order, the instant writ petition has

been filed.

7. When the aforesaid writ petition had earlier come up for

consideration, a Coordinate Bench of this Hon'ble Court by taking note

of the statements made by the petitioner as regards non-supply of the

enforcement officer's report and the determination made by the

respondents without favouring the petitioner with a copy of such report

was, inter alia, pleased to admit the said application by observing as

follows:-

"In view of the fact that the order passed under Section 7A of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 is based on a report that was never handed over to the petitioner. I am of the prima facie view that the entire order is vitiated and does not stand the test of law. The principles of natural justice clearly provide that an authority must provide the copies of the documents that are relied upon, especially

when the said document/report deals with the culpability of the petitioner".

8. Having regard to the aforesaid, the Coordinate Bench of this

Hon'ble Court was pleased to stay the order passed under Section 7A of

the said Act, for a limited period. The aforesaid interim order has,

however been extended from time to time and is still subsisting.

9. Mr. De, learned advocate representing the petitioner by drawing

attention of this Court to the order dated 29th March, 2019 submits

that no independent summons was issued on the petitioner in

connection with the determination made under Section 7A of the said

Act, apart from the show-cause notice dated 7th March, 2018.

Although, the enforcement officer's report dated 5th February, 2018

forms part of not only the show-cause/summons issued in connection

with the determination made under Section 7A of the said Act and the

order passed under Section 7A of the said Act, such report was never

supplied to the petitioner. The aforesaid constitutes violation of

principles of natural justice.

10. By placing reliance on the document appended to the petition

which are extracts of the sub-ledger, he submits that the figure under

the head "Godown imprest" has been treated by the respondents as

salary/wages payable to the employees of the petitioner and the

determination under section 7A of the said Act has been made on the

basis thereof.

11. Since, the petitioner was never supplied with the copy of the

report dated 5th February, 2018, the petitioner could not appropriately

respond and/or highlight the aforesaid. It is submitted that the

aforesaid show-cause notice/summons, which forms the foundation of

the determination made by the respondents, was served to the

petitioner in an incomplete manner, which has led to denial of justice.

12. Mr. De, further contends that the respondents in their affidavit-

in-opposition disclosed the document dated 5 th February, 2018, for the

first time though, no averments as regards service of copy thereof on

the petitioner has been made.

13. By placing reliance of provisions of Section 7A of the said Act, it

is submitted that the statute recognizes the manner in which the

evidence shall be lead in connection with an inquiry held under Section

7A of the said Act. The report dated 5th February, 2018, which contains

diverse allegation was neither been disclosed nor was it presented in

course of the enquiry. The author of the report did not come forward so

as to vouch the contents of such report. No opportunity was given to

the petitioner to cross-examine the author of the report so as to test the

veracity of the evidence lead. The said document has been exhibited in

a manner which is unknown to law. In support of his contention

reliance is placed on the judgement delivered by a Coordinate Bench in

the case of Central Tool Room & Training Centre v. Employees'

Provident Fund Organization & Ors., reported in 2022 SCC OnLine

Cal 605.

14. By placing reliance on another judgment delivered by a

Coordinate Bench of this Court in the case of West Bengal Power

Development Corporation Limited v. Union of India reported in

(2012) 3 CHN 513, he submits that it is the obligation of the authority

to supply all relevant documents including any inspection report, while

making a determination under Section 7A of the said Act. Failure to

supply a report prepared by the enforcement officer which was relied on

for the purpose of making a determination under Section 7A of the said

Act, constitutes failure of natural justice and the same is unsustainable

in law. In the given facts, he submits that the orders impugned cannot

be sustained and the same should be set aside and quashed.

15. Per contra, Mr. Prasad, learned advocate representing the

provident fund authorities has placed before this Court the affidavit-in-

opposition. He has not only drawn the attention of this Court to the

show-cause notice dated 7th March, 2018, but the daily orders. He has

also invited the attention of this Court to a statement prepared by the

enforcement officer which had been submitted to the Regional

Provident Fund Commissioner on 25th November, 2018. The said

statement was duly made available to the petitioner. According to the

respondents, the petitioner was well aware with regard to not only the

period for which the determination was being made but also the exact

quantum, which the enforcement officer had identified. Despite being

afforded with such opportunity, the petitioner chose not to raise any

objection. The purported document which has been disclosed in the

petition being the extract of sub-ledger and the rent slips were never

disclosed before the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. Simply

because the petitioner had not been supplied with the enquiry report

dated 5th February, 2018, the same does not and cannot render the

entire determination bad. According to Mr. Prasad, the petitioner was

repeatedly called upon to comply with the terms of said report dated 5 th

February, 2018. The said report would further demonstrate that the

findings returned in the said report are based on disclosure made by

the petitioner's representative. As such, the petitioner cannot feign

ignorance as regards the said report, and bypass the statutory remedy

to overcome the mandatory deposit required to be made for maintaining

an appeal under Section 7(I) of the said Act. The present writ petition

is an abuse of process of Court and should be dismissed with costs. It

is still further submitted that the petitioner has an alternative remedy

and on such ground as well, the writ petition should be dismissed.

16. Heard the learned advocates appearing for the respective parties

and considered the materials on record. Although, the question of

alternative remedy has been raised at this stage of final hearing, yet I

find that a Coordinate Bench of this Court at the admission stage by an

order dated 23rd September, 2019 was, inter alia, pleased to entertain

the writ application on the ground of violation of principles of natural

justice and had issued direction for exchange of affidavits. At that

stage, the point of maintainability was not raised. However, since, the

point of maintainability on the ground of alternative remedy has been

raised, the same needs to be decided.

17. It is well-settled that an alternative remedy is not a complete bar

for exercising jurisdiction by this Court under Article 226 of the

Constitution of India. The refusal to exercise jurisdiction by this Court

on account of alternative remedy is, however, subject to three

exceptions:- 1) Jurisdictional error, 2) failure of natural justice and 3)

violation of fundamental rights. Admittedly, in this case, I find the

petitioner complains of violation of principles of natural justice, which

goes to the root of the matter. The aforesaid also infringes upon the

petitioner's rights under Article 14 of the Constitution of India. Having

regard to the aforesaid, the objection raised by the respondents fails.

18. Admittedly in this case I find that a proceeding has been initiated

on the basis of show-cause/summons dated 7th March, 2018 issued

under Section 7A of the said Act. Such show-cause was based on an

enforcement officer's report dated 5th February, 2018. Admittedly, such

report had not been supplied to the petitioner notwithstanding the

petitioner by notice in writing, calling upon the respondents to favour

the petitioner with the same, for the petitioner to appropriately respond

to the summons. Mr. Prasad, however, by relying on the selfsame

report and a statement prepared by the enforcement officer which was

submitted before the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner on 25 th

November, 2018 submits that the petitioner was all along aware with

regard to the issues and the shortcomings and as such, the petitioner

cannot complain of violation of principles of natural justice.

19. By relying on the report dated 5th February, 2018, it is submitted

that the findings returned by the enforcement officer are based on the

disclosure made by the petitioner's representative. Since, the report

had been prepared on the basis of the disclosure made by the petitioner

and its representative, the petitioner cannot be permitted to question

the said report. I, however, notice that the said report was not disclosed

to the petitioner until the affidavit in opposition to the writ petition was

filed.

20. Unfortunately, the show-cause notice/summons dated 7 th March,

2018 not only relies on the aforesaid report, the determination made

under section 7A of the said Act, is also based on the aforesaid report

dated 5th February, 2018. As such, the aforesaid clearly constitutes

violation of natural justice.

21. Independent of the above, Mr. De has also made out a case of

procedural irregularity on the part of Regional Provident Fund

Commissioner in receiving evidence. To appreciate the contention of

Mr. De as regards the mode and manner of receiving evidence by an

authority under Section 7A of the said Act, the provision of Section

7A(2) of the said Act, is extracted hereinbelow:-

"(2) The officer conducting the inquiry under sub- section (I) shall, for the purpose of such inquiry, have the same posers as are vested in a court under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 (5 of 1908) trying a suit in respect of the following matters, namely:-

a) enforcing the attendance of any person or examining him on oath;

b) requiring the discovery and production of documents;

c) receiving evidence on affidavit;

d) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses; and any such inquiry shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of Sections 193 and 228 and for the purpose of Section 196 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)."

22. Admittedly, the report dated 5th February, 2018 was not exhibited

in the mode and manner known in law. The author of the said report had

not come forward to prove the contents of the said report or to vouch as

regard contents of the same. The petitioner did not get any opportunity to

cross-examine the author of the said report. Despite the Regional

Provident Fund Commissioner being vested with the power and

authority, as are vested in a Court under the Code of Civil Procedure

while trying suit in relation of matters of receiving evidence, the said

authority had failed to exercise such powers as are necessary while

receiving evidence. The Regional Provident Fund Commissioner without

giving the petitioner any opportunity to controvert the contents of the

said report or to test the veracity thereof, not only had taken the said

report on record but had passed his order based on the said report,

which in itself constitutes violation of principles of natural justice to say

the least.

23. The petitioner, thus, has been deprived of its opportunity to place

its case and/or appropriately defend. The disclosures of statement by the

enforcement officer on 25th November, 2018 is of no substitute to the

disclosure of the enforcement officer's report dated 5th February, 2018,

which forms the very basis of the order dated 25th March, 2019. Since,

the order was passed without complying with the principles of natural

justice as noted hereinabove, the petitioner had even approached the

respondents to review the said order by filing an application under

Section 7B of the said Act. Unfortunately, such application was rejected,

inter alia, observing as follows:

"Furthermore, numerous opportunities were given to you by issuing Show Cause Notice, Adjournment Notices as well as providing copy of dues deposition statement prepared by the Enforcement Officer on the basis of documents as produced by you duly directing to submit clarification along with supporting documents if any in proof of your contentions.

Regarding non production of documents related to "Godown Imprest" there is no justification as to why the same was not produced during the course of hearing in spite of repeated opportunities given.

In view of the above, the appeal by you only appears as a delaying tactics and hence the request for initiating review U/S 7B is rejected and you are once again directed to comply with the 7A order vide dated 29/03/2019 and deposit the assessed amount immediately".

24. As rightly pointed out by Mr. De, I find that a Coordinate Bench

of this Court in the case of Central Tool Room & Training Centre

(supra) while considering the scope and object of Section 7A(2) of the

said Act, in paragraph 19 thereof, after quoting section 7A(2) of the

said Act, has been, inter alia, pleased to observe as follows:-

"19. This provision of law vests the same powers on the authority as are vested in a Court under the Code of Civil Procedure in dealing with a proceeding under section 7A of

the Act. In the case in hand, the authority has failed to exercise such power that was necessary for adjudicating the issue. Borrowing wisdom from the authority in West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (supra), this Court is of the view that the proceeding was conducted in a most casual manner and decided against the petitioner arbitrarily, thereby violating the principles of natural justice".

25. Another Coordinate Bench of this Court in the case of West

Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (supra) has already

held that while making a determination under Section 7A of the said

Act, it is the obligation of the respondents to disclose the report of the

Additional Provident Fund Commissioner.

26. Non-disclosure of such report to the petitioner and the

acceptance thereof, in a casual manner by the Regional Provident Fund

Commissioner without affording opportunity to the petitioner to

examine the same renders the decision making process arbitrary and

the decision bad.

27. Having regard to the aforesaid and taking note of the fact that the

final determination has been made without giving the petitioner an

opportunity, either to consider or contest the report dated 5 th February,

2018, the entire proceedings stand vitiated, including the

determination made under Section 7A thereof.

28. In view thereof, the order dated 25th March, 2019 passed under

Section 7A of the said Act and the order dated 1st July, 2021 passed

under Section 7B of the said Act, stand set aside and quashed.

However, taking note of the fact that the petitioner has now been

supplied with the copy of the enforcement officer's report dated 5 th

February, 2018, I am of the view that the determination to be made

under Section 7A of the said Act, should continue from the stage of

show-cause dated 7th March, 2018.

29. The petitioner shall be permitted to file a response to the

aforesaid show-cause within a period of four weeks from date. If such

response to such show-cause is filed by the petitioner within the period

of four weeks from date, or in absence thereof, on the expiry of the

aforesaid period, the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner shall

determine the liability of the petitioner, if any, under Section 7A of the

said Act within twelve weeks therefrom, after affording reasonable

opportunity of hearing but without granting any unnecessary

adjournments to either of the parties.

30. Needless to note that the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner

while making such determination shall comply with the statutory

provisions.

31. With the aforesaid observations/directions the writ application

stands disposed of.

32. There shall, however, be no order as to costs.

33. Urgent certified copy of this order, if applied for, be given to the

parties upon compliance of necessary formalities.

(Raja Basu Chowdhury, J.)

sb.