WP(C)/3757/2020
2022 Latest Caselaw 4470 Gua

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GAHC010132092020




                              THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
     (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)

                                  Case No. : WP(C)/3757/2020


       Smti. Bijaylakhmi Laskar Dutta,
       W/o Dr. Bijoy Kr. Dutta,
       Resident of Bye Lane No.2,
       Umacharan Boro Path, Rupnagar,
       Guwahati-32, District-Kamrup(M).
       Assam.                                          ...PETITIONER.
                            Versus


1.     The Assam Power Distribution Company Limited,
       Represented by its Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD),
       Bijulee Bhawan, Paltan Bazar, Guwahati-1.


2.     The Appellate Authority-cum-Board of Directors of Assam Power Distribution Company
       Limited, represented by its Chairman, Bijulee Bhawan, Paltan Bazar, Guwahati-1.


3.     The Managing Director, Assam Power Distribution Company Limited, represented by its
       Chairman, Bijulee Bhawan, Paltan Bazar, Guwahati-1.


                                                       ......RESPONDENTS.

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BEFORE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MICHAEL ZOTHANKHUMA

For the Petitioner : Mr. K.N. Choudhury .... Senior Advocate.

                            Mr. D.J. Das            ... Advocate


For the respondents       : Mr. N. Deka                .... SC, APDCL


Dates of hearing           : 20.10.2022 & 26.10.2022


Date of judgment          : 15.11.2022


                 JUDGMENT AND ORDER (CAV)

Heard Mr. K.N. Choudhury, learned Senior Counsel assisted by Mr. D.J. Das, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Mr. N. Deka, learned Standing Counsel for the respondent nos.1 to 3, APDCL.

2. The petitioner in this writ petition has prayed for setting aside the impugned order dated 27.01.2020 issued by the respondent no.3, by which the petitioner has been imposed with the penalty of stoppage of all annual increments till 29.02.2024, i.e. the date of her superannuation, besides non- consideration of the petitioner for promotion during continuation of such penalty. Further, in the event of non-recovery of the penalty in the service tenure due to any other factor, the same was to be recovered from petitioner's admissible terminal benefits.

3. The petitioner who is working in the Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL) as Assistant General Manager (AGM), was alleged to have installed the old electricity meter in her residence, by taking down the new Page No.# 3/15

electricity meter put up by the APDCL, without the knowledge and permission of the APDCL. On getting to know of the same, the respondents conducted an enquiry. Due to the petitioner changing the new digital electricity meter with the old electricity meter without the approval and permission of the APDCL, the petitioner was issued a provisional assessment bill for unauthorized use of electricity under Section 126 of the Electricity Act, 2003 (hereinafter referred to as "Act of 2003"). The petitioner thereafter paid the electricity charge in terms of the provisional assessment bill dated 19.03.2016.

4. Thereafter the respondents issued charge-sheet dated 09.06.2016 to the petitioner, wherein she was asked to submit her written statement of defence against the following charges framed against her :-

"Charge No.1 - Theft, fraud and dishonesty in connection with the business of the Company and its property.

Charge No.2 - Causing wilful damage to the Company's goods/Revenue.

Charge No.3 - Breach of the ASEB officer's (Conduct) Regulation, 1982."

5. The petitioner submitted her written statement of defence dated 24.06.2016, stating that the old electricity digital meter no.012248 was replaced by the respondents by a new electricity digital meter and subsequent thereto, the petitioner found that there was excessive consumption of electricity, in comparison to the consumption recorded in the old electricity meter. Despite the petitioner making complaints to the APDCL regarding the excessive electricity consumption recorded in the new electricity meter, no action was taken with respect to the alleged malfunctioning new electricity meter. Being annoyed, the Page No.# 4/15

petitioner changed the new electricity digital meter with the old electricity meter, which was left lying in her residence. The prayer of the petitioner, in her written statement of defence, was that the charges established against her should be dropped, as she did not wilfully change the new electricity digital meter, but had done the same without having any intention to cause any loss of revenue to the respondents.

6. After the departmental proceedings were concluded, wherein the petitioner was found guilty of the charges framed against her, she was imposed the penalty of stoppage of all annual increments till her date of superannuation, with a further condition that she would not be considered for promotion during the continuation of such penalty.

7. The petitioner's counsel submits that the petitioner having paid the penalty charges provided in the provisional assessment bill in terms of Section 126 of the Act of 2003, the petitioner could not have been given a subsequent penalty through a departmental proceeding, as the same amounted to double jeopardy. He submits that the changing of the new electricity meter by the petitioner, was an act done by the petitioner, as a consumer of electricity and the same could not be said to be a mis-conduct done in the course of her duty, as an officer of the APDCL. He submits that the departmental proceeding could have been initiated only in respect of a mis-conduct committed by the petitioner in the course of her duty and not on the basis of a wrong done by her as a consumer of electricity. In this respect, the learned Senior Counsel has relied upon the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of State of Punjab & Others vs. Ram Singh Ex-Constable, reported in (1992) 4 SCC 54.

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8. The further submission of the petitioner's counsel is that the petitioner could not have been imposed with the penalty of stoppage of all annual increments till 29.02.2024, i.e. her date of superannuation, with the further penalty not to consider her for promotion during the continuation of such penalty, as the same is not provided for in the Assam State Electricity Board (General Service) Regulations (for Officers), 1960 (hereinafter referred to as "1960 Regulations").

9. The petitioner's counsel submits that as the petitioner was penalized for unauthorized use of electricity and changing of her electricity meter in terms of the Electricity Supply Code and Related Matters Regulations, 2004 (First Amendment) 2007 (hereinafter referred to as "Supply Code, 2004", the mis- conduct of the petitioner was not as an employee of the APDCL, but as a consumer of electricity. As such, no further action could have been taken in terms of the "1960 Regulations". He also submits that there is nothing stated in the Conduct Rules or the Regulations applied by the APDCL, that the conduct of the petitioner, in replacing the electricity meter without the approval of the APDCL, amounts to a mis-conduct of an employee under the Conduct Rules in force. Thus, a mis-conduct which is not specified in the Conduct Rules/Rules cannot be said to be a mis-conduct. As such, no action could be taken against the petitioner in terms of the Conduct Rules and Regulations in force. In this respect, the learned counsel has relied upon the Apex Court's judgment in the case of Rasiklal Vaghajibhai Patel vs. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation & Another, reported in (1985) 2 SCC 35.

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10. The learned Senior Counsel has also given an alternative argument to the effect that the punishment imposed upon the petitioner is disproportionate to the offence, inasmuch as, while the Regulations 10.2(a)(iii) of the "1960 Regulations" provides for stoppage of increment for a specific period, the penalty of stoppage of increment has been made till the date of retirement of the petitioner. Further, there is no penalty provision, to the effect that an employee cannot be considered for promotion in terms of the Regulation 10.2(a) of the "1960 Regulations". He accordingly submits that the punishment should be set aside as it is disproportionate to the offence and the matter be sent back to the Disciplinary Authority, for imposition of a penalty lesser than the penalty imposed.

11. Mr. N. Deka, learned Standing Counsel for the APDCL, respondent nos.1 to 3 submits that the petitioner was charged with 3 (three) Articles of Charge, wherein Charge No.3 specifically provided that the petitioner's conduct in changing the electricity meter was in breach of the Assam State Electricity Board Officers' (Conduct) Regulations, 1982 (hereinafter referred to as the "1982 Regulations"). He submits that disciplinary action can be taken against the petitioner in terms of the Regulation 10.1(a) of the "1960 Regulations" and punishment can be imposed upon an officer of the APDCL under Regulation 10.2(a) of the "1960 Regulations". He further submits that as per Regulations 3(iii) of the "Officers' Regulations 1982", an officer of the Electricity Board shall do nothing which is unbecoming of an officer of the Board. As the petitioner had unauthorizedly removed the electricity meter, installed by the Board and replaced the same by another electricity meter without taking the permission of the Board, the petitioner's conduct was in violation of Regulation 3(iii) of the Page No.# 7/15

"Officers' Regulations 1982".

12. The learned counsel for the respondents submits that as per the departmental proceeding initiated against the petitioner, the petitioner had acted dishonestly with malafide intention, unauthorizedly using electricity and as such, mis-conduct under Regulation 10.1(a), Regulation 10.1(b) and Regulation 10.1(c) of the "1960 Regulations" had been proved against the petitioner. He thus submits that the petitioner can be penalized for unauthorized use of electricity in terms of Section 126 of the "Act of 2003" and also in terms of the "1960 Regulations".

13. The learned counsel for the respondents submits that the range of activities which may amount to acts, which are inconsistent with the interest of public service not befitting the status, possession and dignity of a public servant are varied and that it would be impossible for the employer to exhaustively enumerate such acts and treat the categories of mis-conduct as closed. In support of the above submission, the learned counsel has relied upon the judgment of the Apex Court in M.M. Malhotra vs. Union of India & Others, reported in (2005) 8 SCC 351.

14. The counsel for the respondent nos.1 to 3 also submits that there was no illegality in directing the petitioner to pay the charges for unauthorized use of electricity, in terms of Section 126 of the "Act of 2003" and at the same time, initiating a departmental proceeding against her in terms of "1960 Regulations", as the penalty for unauthorized use of electricity was penal in nature, while the Page No.# 8/15

initiation of a departmental proceeding against the petitioner dealt with the disciplinary aspect of the mis-conduct. In this regard, the learned counsel has relied upon the judgment of the Apex Court in Union of India & Others vs. Sunil Kumar Sarkar, reported in (2001) 3 SCC 414.

15. I have heard the learned counsels for the parties.

16. The issue that has to be decided is whether the act of the petitioner in changing the electricity meter without the permission of the APDCL is in violation of Regulation 3(1)(iii), which prohibits an officer of the APDCL from doing an act which is unbecoming of an officer of the Board.

17. In the case of M.M. Malhotra Vs. Union of India & Ors., reported in (2005) 8 SCC 351, the Apex Court has held that the range of activity which may amount to acts, which are inconsistent with the interest of public service and not befitting the status, position and dignity of a public servant are varied and that it would be impossible for the employer to exhaustively enumerate such acts and treat the categories of mis-conduct as closed. It also held that the word 'mis-conduct' is not capable of precise definition. The act complained of must bear a forbidden character or quality and its ambit has to be construed with reference to the subject matter and the context wherein the term occurs, having regard to the scope of the statute and the public purpose it seeks to serve.

18. In the case of State of Punjab & Others vs. Ram Singh Ex-Constable, Page No.# 9/15

reported in (1992) 4 SCC 54, the Apex Court has looked into the definition of mis-conduct as defined in Black's Law Dictionary and P. Ramanatha Aiyar's Law Lexicon. It has held that mis-conduct is a transgression of some established and definite rule of action, a forbidden act, a dereliction from duty, unlawful behaviour, wilful in character, improper or wrong behaviour, wilful in character, wrongful intention and not a mere error of judgment, negligence or carelessness. The Apex Court has thus held that the word mis-conduct though not capable of precise definition, receives its connotation from the context, the delinquency in its performance and its effect on the discipline and the nature of the duty. It may involve moral turpitude, it must be improper or wrong behaviour, unlawful behaviour, wilful in character, forbidden act, a transgression of established and definite rule of action or code of conduct but not mere error of judgment, carelessness or negligence.

19. In the case of Rasiklal Vaghajibhai Patel vs. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation & Another, reported in (1985) 2 SCC 35, the Apex Court has held that unless an act or omission is prescribed as a mis-conduct in the certified standing order or in the service regulations, it is not open to the employer to fish out some conduct as mis-conduct and punish the workman, even though the alleged mis-conduct could not be comprehended in any of the enumerated mis-conduct.

20. In the case of Union of India & Ors. Vs. Gyan Chand Chattar, reported in (2009) 12 SCC 78, the Apex Court had not interfered with the finding of the learned Single Judge of the Gujarat High Court, who held that the act of playing cards by the railway protection force personnel on the train could not be said to Page No.# 10/15

be a conduct unbecoming of a railway employee, as it was only to while away the time.

21. On considering the various judgments of the Apex Court, the common theme that this Court finds is that for a Government employee to be charged with doing an act which is unbecoming of a Government Servant, the said act should be forbidden, unlawful, wilful or transgression of some established and definite rule of action. It should not be an error of judgment carelessness and negligence.

22. In the present case, the petitioner who holds the post of Assistant General Manager (AGM) in the APDCL had changed the electricity meter on the sole ground of the new electricity meter recording higher consumption of electricity. Thus, the change of the new electricity meter by the petitioner, who was the Assistant General Manager (AGM), was to ensure that there would be a recording of consumption of less electricity, which would require the petitioner to pay a lesser amount of money. The act of the petitioner for the purpose of paying lesser money for electricity, without taking the permission of the competent authority clearly shows the intention of the petitioner to do a forbidden and unlawful act. Such activity of changing meters by a consumer cannot be said to be a normal or accepted established behaviour. It is in fact an unlawful behaviour for the purpose of cheating and causing loss to the authority supplying electricity. The act of changing the electricity meter to cause loss to the APDCL by a consumer, does not take away the fact that the petitioner who is an AGM in the APDCL, has acted in a manner unbecoming of an officer of the APDCL. Imagine a Government officer in a hypothetical case of rape, taking a Page No.# 11/15

plea that the act was not done as an officer in the discharge of his duty, but as a private citizen. Thus, the act of the petitioner with the object to cause loss to the APDCL, would have to be considered to be a prohibited and unlawful act, which would amount to a mis-conduct. The petitioner being an AGM, would have known that her action was for the sole purpose of paying less electricity, which would in turn would cause loss to the APDCL. As such, this Court does not find any infirmity with the respondents coming to a finding that the act of the petitioner comes within the meaning of an act unbecoming of an officer of the Board, which is enumerated in Regulation 3(1) of the "Officers' Regulations 1982".

23. With regard to the stand of the petitioner's counsel that the payment of penalty for the Provisional Assessment Bill in terms of Section 126 of the Act of 2003 and the penalty imposed in pursuant to the Disciplinary Proceeding amounted to double jeopardy, this Court finds that the payment of charges, in terms of the Provisional Assessment Bill was for the unauthorised electricity charges and the penalty imposed under the Departmental Proceeding was disciplinary in nature.

24. In the case of Union of India & Others vs. Sunil Kumar Sarkar, reported in (2001) 3 SCC 414, the Apex Court has held that Court Martial proceedings deal with penal aspect of a mis-conduct, while the proceedings under the Central Rules deal with the disciplinary aspect of the mis-conduct.

25. In the case of Depot Manager, A.P.S.R.T. Corpn. Vs. N. Ramulu & Another, Page No.# 12/15

reported in (1997) 11 SCC 319, the Apex Court has held that penalty of recovery from the pay of the whole or part of any pecuniary loss caused to the Corporation, by an employee's negligence or breach of orders, may be imposed in addition to any other penalty which may be inflicted in respect of the same act of negligence or breach of orders.

26. The payment of the charges in terms of the Provisional Assessment Bill under Section 126 of the Act of 2003 for unauthorised use of electricity and the penalty imposed in pursuant to the Departmental Proceeding cannot amount to double jeopardy in view of the decisions of the Apex Court stated above.

27. With regard to the alternative submission made by the petitioner's counsel that the punishment imposed upon the petitioner, in pursuant to the Departmental Proceeding was disproportionate to the offence, it is seen that Regulation 10.2(a)(iii) of the 1960 Regulation provides for stoppage of increment for a specific period. However, the penalty imposed upon the petitioner is for stoppage of all annual increments till the date of retirement of the petitioner. Further, the petitioner cannot be considered for promotion during the period of the penalty imposed.

28. The provisions for taking disciplinary action and imposing penalty/punishment in terms of Regulations 10(1) and Regulations 10(2) of the "1960 Regulations" is re-produced below :

"10(1) Every officer of the Board shall discharge the duties assigned to him with integrity, loyalty, and promptitude, and carry out all lawful orders of his superiors in respect of the work allotted to him.

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Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing clause, the Board may prescribe such rules of conduct as may be deemed just and fair: Provided that the act and omissions listed below shall be treated as misconduct:

(a) Insubordination or disobedience, whether alone or in combination with others, to any lawful order of a superior;

(b) Theft, fraud or dishonesty in connection with the business of the Board or its property;

(c) Causing damage to or loss of the Board's goods or property;

(d)Taking or giving bribes or illegal gratification;

(e)Absence without leave or overstay of sanctioned leave without sufficient cause;

(f) Late attendance;

(g) Breach of any law applicable to the establishment;

(h) Riotous or disorderly conduct in connection with his employment or any act subversive of discipline;

(i) Negligence or neglect of duty;

(j) Striking work or inciting others to strike work in contravention of the provisions of any law, or rules having the force of law;

(k) Unauthorised divulgence of any official information or document;

(l) Being under influence of alcohol or any psychotropic substance while on duty;

(m)Acts involving moral turpitude.

(n) Any breach of the ASEB officer's (Conduct) Regulations, 1982;

(o) Entering into transaction concerning any movable or immovable property with a person or form having official dealing with the employee or has subordinate except with the provision sanction of the competent authority.

10.2(a) Without prejudice to the provisions of any law for the time being in force any of the following penalties may be imposed on an officer found guilty of misconduct--

(i)Warning.

(ii)Reprimand or Censure.

(iii) Stoppage of increment for a specified period.

(iv) Fine.

(v) Reduction to a lower post or to a lower time scale or to lower stage in a time scale.

"Provided that the reduction to a lower stage in the Page No.# 14/15

time scale of pay shall be for a specified period with further discreations as to whether or not the officer will earn increments of pay during the period of such reductions and whether on the expiry of such period, reduction will or will not have the effect of postponing the future increments of his pay"

(vi)Compulsory retirement."

29. On considering Regulation 10.2(a) of the 1960 Regulation, it is seen that the disciplinary authority can impose the penalty of stoppage of increment for a specific period on an employee found guilty of mis-conduct. However, the penalty imposed till retirement is stretching the provisions of the penalty that can be imposed to absurd lengths. A specific number/s of year/s should have been mentioned. Assuming, a delinquent officer, who is in his/her thirties or forties is imposed with a penalty of stoppage of increment till his retirement. In the view of this Court, stoppage of increment till retirement in such a case would be unreasonable and the same is not contemplated to be included within the fold of Regulation 10(2)(a)(iii) of the 1960 Regulations. Also, there is no provision in the Regulations, barring consideration of an employee for promotion during continuation of such penalty. Besides the above, there is nothing in the pleadings to show that there is any money that is to be recovered from the petitioner and as such, the observation made by the respondent No. 3 in the impugned Order dated 27.01.2020, regarding recovery of money from the petitioner's pensionary benefits has no bearing or relevance in this case

30. In the case of Vijay Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Others, reported in (2012) 5 SCC 242, the Apex Court has held that a punishment not provided in the Rules cannot be imposed. Accordingly, the penalty of non Page No.# 15/15

consideration of the petitioner for promotion is not sustainable in law, as the same is not provided in the Regulations. The said penalty is accordingly set aside. With regard to the penalty of stoppage of all increments till the petitioner's retirement, this Court finds that Regulation 10.2(a)(iii) only provides for stoppage of increment for a specified period. The petitioner has however been imposed the penalty of stoppage of all increments till the petitioner's retirement. This Court finds that the stoppage of all increment till retirement of the petitioner is not in consonance with Regulation 10.2(a)(iii) of the 1960 Regulations and as such, disproportionate and needs to be revisited by the Disciplinary Authority. The said penalty is accordingly set aside. The matter is remanded back to the respondent authorities to re-consider the case of the petitioner and impose a penalty lesser than the penalty of stoppage of all increments till her retirement.

31. The writ petition is accordingly disposed of.

JUDGE

Comparing Assistant