Calcutta High Court
Prakash Chandra Agarwal vs Union Of India And Ors on 7 November, 2025
Author: Sabyasachi Bhattacharyya
Bench: Sabyasachi Bhattacharyya
OD 4
WPO/511/2024
IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
Constitutional Writ Jurisdiction
ORIGINAL SIDE
PRAKASH CHANDRA AGARWAL
VS
UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
BEFORE:
The Hon'ble JUSTICE SABYASACHI BHATTACHARYYA
Date: 7th November, 2025.
Appearance:
Ms. Noelle Banerjee, Adv.
Mr. Dipanjan Dey, Adv.
Ms. Bidisha Ghoshal, Adv.
...for the petitioner
Mr. Mukul Lahiri, Sr. Adv.
Mr. A. Pramanick, Adv.
Ms. Bhagyasree Dey, Adv.
...for the respondent nos.5 and 6
Ms. Anamika Pandey, Adv.
Mr.P. R. Chakraborty, Adv.
...for the UOI
The Court: The present writ petition challenges a Look Out Circular issued
at the behest of the State Bank of India by the Bureau of Emigration against the
petitioner.
Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner is a non-
executive/additional director of a company, against which certain allegations of
fraud under the governing Reserve Bank of India's Circulars were levelled.
It is contended by learned counsel that other similarly placed persons,
being directors of the self-same company, also suffered such Look Out Circulars
which were set aside by this Court by different orders. Learned counsel places
reliance on some of the orders annexed to the present writ petition in that regard.
Learned senior counsel appearing for the State Bank of India contends that
the impugned Look Out Circular (LOC) was issued in view of serious allegations
of fraud having been made against the company in question. It is submitted that
the petitioner, as a director, cannot avoid liability in respect thereof.
Learned counsel for the Union of India submits that an investigation by the
CBI is going on against the petitioner in respect of the alleged fraud. As such, it
is submitted that in the event the LOC is stayed or quashed, the economic
interest of the country may suffer.
Learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the State Bank of India, on
query of Court, hands up to the Court a Division Bench Judgment of the Bombay
High Court in the matter of Viraj Chetan Shah vs. Union of India Through the
Ministry of Home Affairs and Another, reported at 2024 SCC Online Bom 1195
where the relevant circulars issued by the Union of India with regard to issuance
of similar LOCs were quashed.
However, learned counsel for the Union of India hands over a copy of an
order dated August 12, 2024 passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter
of Union of India and Others vs. Viraj Chetan Shah and Others, reported at 2024
SCC Online SC 2136, where the Hon'ble Supreme Court, it is submitted, stayed
the Division Bench order of the Bombay High Court in effect.
Learned counsel for the petitioner, in reply, submits that the order dated
August 12, 2024 does not tantamount to setting aside or taking away the effect of
the Division Bench judgment of the Bombay High Court. That apart, since LOCs
in respect of other similarly placed persons have already been quashed by this
Court, the petitioner ought to be given such relief on the ground of parity as well.
Upon a perusal of the previous orders passed by this Court with regard to
the self-same LOC issued by the State Bank of India, in particular the order
dated March 14, 2024 passed in WPA 2002 of 2024, it is evident that the relevant
Government Memorandum and Circulars relating to issuance of LOCs as well as
the particular request of the State Bank of India, which was the genesis of the
present impugned LOC, were considered at length by this Court and connected
LOC was set aside in respect of a different director of the same company.
That apart, the mere pendency of the investigation by any investigating
agency does not tantamount to a conviction or the pendency of a criminal matter
against the petitioner. An investigation is only a prelude to filing of a charge-
sheet. Only if the investigation culminates in a charge-sheet and a criminal case
is started, the ground in that regard in the Government Circular in question are
met.
In the present case, a mere perception of the bank that the petitioner
and/or the company of which the petitioner was a non-executive director is guilty
of fraud does not allow the bank to use the power to request for a Look Out
Circular as a tool to harass or coax the petitioner into being subjected to the
demands of the bank, which are merely monetary claims at this stage.
In so far as the criminal investigation is concerned, nothing in either the
LOC or the order which is being passed now in this matter can prevent any
investigating agency, if otherwise empowered in law, to carry out the
investigations on allegations made against the petitioner.
However, the request made by the bank, which was discussed in the order
dated March 14, 2024 passed in WPA 2002 of 2024, does not come within the
ambit of the Government Circulars justifying the issuance of a LOC.
That apart, the petitioner is entitled to the reliefs sought for on the ground
of parity as well, since LOCs issued in respect of other directors of the self-same
company on the self-same allegations and requests of the bank have already
been set aside by this Court and there is no different circumstances in the case
of the petitioner which is convincing enough to persuade the Court to deviate
from its earlier stand.
In so far as the Bombay High Court Division Bench Judgment is
concerned, the same quashes the Government Circulars in their entirety.
Wthout going into the question as to whether the order dated August 12, 2024
passed in Special Leave to Appeal (C) Nos.17194-17230/2024 tantamounts to
stay, even construing the Circulars as they stand, the LOC issued on the request
of the bank against the petitioner does not stand this scrutiny of law.
At this juncture, learned counsel for the Union of India insists that the CBI
has also issued a request for LOC against the petitioner. However, even upon
query of Court, learned Counsel for the Union of India fails to produce before this
Court as to the outcome of such request or any LOC issued thereon and/or
enlighten the Court as to whether such LOC till subsists or has been quashed.
In any event, the subject matter of the present writ petition is a different LOC
than that issued at the behest of the CBI and even if such an LOC has been
issued, it defies logic as to why the same has not yet reached its logical
culmination. Be that as it may, the issues of a different LOC on a different
request by a different agency/entity cannot be a germane consideration for
disposing of the present writ petition.
In view of the above, WPO 511 of 2024 is allowed on contest, thereby setting
aside the LOC issued against the petitioner on the request of the State Bank of
India which has been impugned herein.
There will be no order as to costs.
Urgent certified website copies of this order, if applied for, be made
available to the parties, subject to compliance with the requisite formalities.
It is made clear that since affidavits have not been invited, it is deemed
that none of the allegations made in the writ petitioner are admitted by any of the
respondents.
It is further clarified that nothing in this order per se shall prevent any
investigating agency from carrying out any investigation on any allegation against
the petitioner, if such investigating agency is otherwise empowered in law to do
so and has not been interdicted by any order of Court restraining it from doing
so.
(SABYASACHI BHATTACHARYYA, J.)
B.Pal
