Budha Vs. Amilal [1990] INSC 403 (21 December 1990)
1990 Latest Caselaw 403 SC

Citation : 1990 Latest Caselaw 403 SC
Judgement Date : Dec/1990

Headnote :
A piece of agricultural land identified by khasra No. 711/531 was mortgaged through a usufructuary mortgage by Kallu Ram to Sheo Ram, the father of the respondent. Additionally, another agricultural land, with khasra No. 390, was mortgaged jointly by the appellant and Kallu Ram to Sheo Ram in the same manner. Both Kallu Ram and the appellant were biswedars of these lands. Following Kallu Ram\'s death, the appellant asserted that the property passed to him. He subsequently filed a suit for redemption of the aforementioned mortgages against Sheo Ram in the Munsif Magistrate\'s court at Kishangarh Bas. The defendant contested the suit, arguing that due to the abolition of Biswedari under the Rajasthan Zamindar and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959, the rights, title, and interest in the lands had transferred to the State of Rajasthan, thus the appellant had no right to redeem the mortgage. The defendant also claimed that at the time of the mortgage, neither the appellant nor Kallu Ram were in possession of the lands, as the defendant had been in possession as kashtkar prior to the mortgages. An objection was raised regarding the civil court\'s jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial magistrate dismissed the suit, stating that according to section 5(2)(b) of the Act, the lands had transferred to the State, and the appellant had no right to pursue the suit. The appellant appealed this decision, which was subsequently upheld by the Additional Civil Judge, who noted that the appellant was listed as the holder of Khudkasht in the annual register, thus granting him khatedari rights to the lands, allowing him to maintain the suit for mortgage redemption. The case was remanded for trial. The defendant then filed a second appeal in the High Court, which was granted, restoring the Munsiff\'s judgment and dismissing the appellant\'s suit. The High Court determined that the appellant had not included the claim of the lands being his Khudkasht in his pleadings, and therefore, any supporting evidence could not be considered. Furthermore, the court noted that the appellant had admitted that the defendant had maintained possession of the lands since the execution of the mortgage deeds, indicating that the appellant was not in possession after the mortgages were executed, leading to the conclusion that the appellant\'s rights to the disputed lands were extinguished with the enactment of the Act.

Budha Vs. Amilal [1990] INSC 403 (21 December 1990)

Agrawal, S.C. (J) Agrawal, S.C. (J) Kuldip Singh (J)

CITATION: 1991 AIR 663 1990 SCR Supl. (3) 656 1991 SCC Supl. (2) 41 JT 1990 (4) 804 1990 SCALE (2)1306

ACT:

Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959- Section 29(1)--'Khudkasht'--Whether Zamindar/Biswedar be- comes Malik--Lands vests in government.

HEAD NOTE:

One piece of Agricultural land bearing khasra No. 711/531 was mortgaged by way of usufructuary mortgage by one Kallu Ram in favour of Sheo Ram, the father of the respond- ent, and another piece of agricultural land, bearing Kh. No. 390, was mortgaged by the appellant and Kallu Ram together in the same manner in favour of Sheo Ram. Kallu Ram and the appellant were biswedars in respect of those lands. Kallu Ram died and the appellant claimed that on the death of Kallu Ram property devolved on him. The appellant filed a suit for redemption of aforesaid mortgages against Sheo Ram before the Munsif Magistrate, Kishangarh Bas. The defendant contested the suit and pleaded that on the abolition of Biswedari, consequent on the coming into force of the Rajas- than Zamindar and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959, the rights, title and interest in the lands in question stood trans- ferred and vested in the State of Rajasthan and the appel- lant did not have the right to redeem the mortgage. It was also pleaded that on the date of the creation of the mort- gage, the appellant and Kallu Ram were not in possession of the lands and the defendant was in possession of the lands as kashtkar since before the mortgages. An objection to the jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain the suit was also raised. The trial magistrate dismissed the suit holding that in view of section 5(2)(b) of the Act, the lands in question stood transferred to the State and have got vested in the State and the appellant did not have any right to file the suit in respect of the same. The appellant filed an appeal against the said order which was allowed by the Additional Civil Judge. The Additional Civil Judge, held that the name of the appellant appeared as holder of Khud- kasht in the annual register and that he had thus acquired khatedari rights in respect of the lands in question and as such he could maintain the suit for redemption of the mort- gages. The matter was thus remanded for trial. The defendant filed a second appeal in the High Court. The High Court allowed the appeal and restored the judg- 657 ment and decree of the Munsiff dismissing the suit of the appellant. The High Court held that the appellant did not raise the plea with regard to the lands in question being his Khudkasht lands in the pleadings and any evidence in support of the same could not be thus looked into. It fur- ther took the view that the appellant himself had pleaded that since the execution of the mortgage deeds, the posses- sion of the lands remained with the defendant and that clearly showed that the appellant was not in possession of the lands after the execution of the mortgage deeds and therefore the right of the appellant in the lands in dispute stood abolished after the coming into force of the Act.

Hence this appeal by the appellant.

Dismissing the appeal, this Court

HELD: Literally speaking the word 'khudkasht' means personal cultivation. The definition of this expression contained in Section 5(23) of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, which is in two parts, indicates that it has been used in the same sense in the Act. In the main part Khudkasht has been defined to mean land cultivated personally by an estate holder. This is further clarified by clause (25) of Section 5 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act which defines the expression 'land cultivated personally' to mean land cultivated on one's own account

(i) by one's own labour, or

(ii) by the labour of any member of one's family, or

(iii) under the personal supervision of oneself or any member of one's family by hired labour or by servants on wages payable in cash or in kind but not by way of a share in crops. [664C-D] The expression 'Khudkasht' as defined in Section 5(23) of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, would, not include land in possession of and cultivated by a tenant or mortgagee. [664G]

In the instant case, the appellant has come forward with a specific case in the plaint that the defendant is in possession of the lands in dispute as a mortgagee from the date of the two mortgagees. In other words the appellant was not in possession/occupation of the said lands on the date of westing of the estate of the appellant under the Act. The appellant cannot. therefore, claim Khatedari rights in respect of the lands in dispute. [667B-C] Gurucharan Singh v. Kamla Singh and Others, [1976] 1 SCR 739; Ramesh Bejoy Sharma and Ors. v. Pashupati Rai and Ors. [1980] 1 SCR 6; P. Lakshmi Reddy v. L. Lakshmi Reddy, [1957] SCR 195 at 658 202; Bhubaneshwar Prasad Narain Singh and Ors. v. Sidheshwar Mukherjee and Ors., [1971] 3 SCR 639; Kailash Rai v. Jai Jai Ram, [1973] 3 SCR 411, referred to.

Gummalapura Taggina Matada Kotturuswami v. Setra Veerav- va and Others, [1959] Supp. 1 SCR 968; Harihar Prasad Singh and Another v. Must. of Munshi Nath Prasad and Others, [1959] SCR 1, not applicable.