Rajasthan High Court - Jodhpur

Kanhaiya Lal Panwar vs M/S. Tanwar Suppliers ... on 27 August, 2025

Author: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

Bench: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

[2025:RJ-JD:38254]

      HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT
                           JODHPUR
            S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 13558/2025

 Kanhaiya Lal Panwar S/o Shri Asu Ram Panwar, Aged About 42
 Years, Resident Of Near Gulabshah Peer Dargah, Fad Bazaar,
 Bikaner (Raj.).
                                                       ----Petitioner
                                Versus
 1.     M/s. Tanwar Suppliers, A-97, Sadulganj, Bikaner, A
        Partnership Firm Registered Under Registrar Of Firms,
        Through Its Partner Madan Gopal Shrimali S/o Bhanwar
        Lal Shrimali, Resident Of Ward No. 72, Teliwada, Opposite
        Middle School, Bikaner (Raj.).
 2.     Suresh Bohra S/o Late Shri Parasmal Bohra, Resident Of
        Ab-297, Ii Floor, Nirman Nagar, Jaipur (Raj.).
 3.     Jitendra S/o Late Shri Parasmal Bohra, Resident Of 201,
        May Flower, Near G.d. Goyanka School, Surat City, Surat
        (Gujarat).
 4.     Manisha Mehta D/o Late Shri Parasmal Bohra W/o Dixit
        Mehta, Resident Of Adarsh Nagar, Pali, Tehsil And District
        Pali (Raj.).
 5.     Smt. Kamla Devi W/o Late Shri Parasmal Bohra, Resident
        Of Ab-297, Ii Floor, Nirman Nagar, Jaipur (Raj.).
                                                   ----Respondents


For Petitioner(s)           :     Mr. Sanjay Nahar
For Respondent(s)           :     Mr. Anil Vyas



      HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT

Judgment

27/08/2025

01- ;kph dh vksj ls ;g ;kfpdk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; U;k;k/kh'k] okf.kfT;d U;k;ky;] chdkusj ds vkns'k fnukad 30-05-2025 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ;kph dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lifBr /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- [kkfjt fd;k x;k FkkA 02- bl ekeys esa i{kdkjku dh lgefr ds vk/kkj ij izdj.k dk vafre :i ls fuLrkj.k fd;k tkuk r; fd;k x;k gSA 03- fo}ku vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 30-05-2025 esa izfroknh }kjk izLrqr nLrkostkr ij fopkj fd;s cxSj dsoy fe;kn dk iz'u rF; vkSj fof/k dk fefJr iz'u gksuk vafdr djrs gq, fe;kn ds laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ iz'u

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dk fu/kkZj.k vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr ugha fd;k x;kA tcfd jsosU;w fjdkWMZ ds eqrkfcd foØ; ds djkj ds ckcr tokcqy tokc esa Li"V :i ls badkjh dh xbZ Fkh vkSj foØ; djkj fd, tkus ls bUdkj fd;k x;k FkkA mlds ckotwn bUdkjh ls rhu o"kZ ds Hkhrj okn&i= izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gS] tks Li"Vr;k% fe;kn ckgj gSA 04- okn dkj.k Hkh bl ekeys esa oknh dks gkfly ugha Fkk] ftlds ckcr Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk dsoy Bundle of facts gksuk fu/kkZfjr djrs gq, izkFkZuk&i= [kkfjt fd;k x;k gS vkSj tks izkFkZuk&i= [kkfjt fd;k x;k gS] og 10 gtkj gtkZus ij [kkfjt fd;k x;k gS] tks vR;f/kd jkf'k vafdr dh xbZ gSA vr% fjV Lohdkj dj vk{ksfir vkns'k fujLr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA lkFk gh vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Jherh mek nsoh o vU; cuke vkuan dqekj o vU; 2025 INSC 434 is'k fd;kA 05- fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls bldk l[r fojks/k djrs gq, ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd bl ekeys esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k fof/klEer vkns'k gSA ftlesa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk fof/klEer ugha gSA 06- eSaus mijksDr rdksZa ij euu fd;k] i=koyh dk lko/kkuhiwoZd voyksdu fd;kA 07- fo}ku vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls izLrqr iwoZ esa of.kZr mek nsoh okys ekeys ij fopkj fd;k x;kA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Dahiben vs

Arvindbhai Kalyanji Bhanusali (Gajra)(D) Thr Lrs & Ors. (2020) INSC

450 okys ekeys esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;s gSa%& 12.2 The power conferred on the court to terminate a civil action is, however, a drastic one, and the conditions enumerated in Order VII Rule 11 are required to be strictly adhered to.

12.3 Under Order VII Rule 11, a duty is cast on the Court to determine whether the plaint discloses a cause of action by scrutinizing the averments in the plaint2, read in conjunction with the documents relied upon, or whether the suit is barred by any law.

12.4 Order VII Rule 14(1) provides for production of documents, on which the plaintiff places reliance in his suit, which reads as under :

"Order 7 Rule 14: Production of document on which plaintiff sues or relies.-

(1)Where a plaintiff sues upon a document or relies upon document in his possession or power in support of his claim, he shall enter such documents in a list, and shall produce it in Court when the plaint is presented by him and shall, at the

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same time deliver the document and a copy thereof, to be filed with the plaint.

(2)Where any such document is not in the possession or power of the plaintiff, he shall, wherever possible, state in whose possession or power it is.

(3)A document which ought to be produced in Court by the plaintiff when the plaint is presented, or to be entered in the list to be added or annexed to the plaint but is not produced or entered accordingly, shall not, without the leave of the Court, be received in evidence on his behalf at the hearing of the suit. (4)Nothing in this rule shall apply to document produced for the cross examination of the plaintiff's witnesses, or, handed over to a witness merely to refresh his memory."

(emphasis supplied) Having regard to Order VII Rule 14 CPC, the documents filed alongwith the plaint, are required to be taken into consideration for deciding the application under Order VII Rule 11 (a). When a document referred to in the plaint, forms the basis of the plaint, it should be treated as a part of the plaint.

12.5 In exercise of power under this provision, the Court would determine if the assertions made in the plaint are contrary to statutory law, or judicial dicta, for deciding whether a case for rejecting the plaint at the threshold is made out.

12.6 At this stage, the pleas taken by the defendant in the written statement and application for rejection of the plaint on the merits, would be irrelevant, and cannot be adverted to, or taken into consideration.

12.7 The test for exercising the power under Order VII Rule 11 is that if the averments made in the plaint are taken in entirety, in conjunction with the documents relied upon, would the same result in a decree being passed. This test was laid down in Liverpool & London S.P. & I Assn. Ltd. v. M.V.Sea Success I & Anr., 4 which reads as :

"139. Whether a plaint discloses a cause of action or not is essentially a question of fact. But whether it does or does not must be found out from reading the plaint itself. For the said purpose, the averments made in the plaint in their entirety must be held to be correct. The test is as to whether if the averments made in the plaint are taken to be correct in their entirety, a decree would be passed."

In Hardesh Ores (P.) Ltd. v. Hede & Co.5 the Court further held that it is not permissible to cull out a sentence or a passage, and to read it in isolation. It is the substance, and not merely the form, which has to be looked into. The plaint has to be construed as it stands, without addition or subtraction of words. If the allegations in the plaint prima facie show a cause of action, the court cannot embark upon an enquiry whether the allegations are true in fact.

12.8 If on a meaningful reading of the plaint, it is found that the suit is manifestly vexatious and without any merit, and does not disclose a right to sue, the court would be justified in exercising the power under Order VII Rule 11 CPC.

12.9 The power under Order VII Rule 11 CPC may be exercised by the Court at any stage of the suit, either before registering the plaint, or after issuing summons to the defendant, or before conclusion of the trial, as held by this Court in the judgment of Saleem Bhai v. State of Maharashtra.7 The plea that once issues are framed, the matter must necessarily go to trial was repelled by this Court in Azhar Hussain (supra).

12.10 The provision of Order VII Rule 11 is mandatory in nature. It states that the plaint "shall" be rejected if any of the grounds specified in clause (a) to (e) are made out. If the Court finds that the plaint does not disclose a cause of action, or that the suit is barred by any law, the Court has no option, but to reject the plaint.

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13. "Cause of action" means every fact which would be necessary for the plaintiff to prove, if traversed, in order to support his right to judgment. It consists of a bundle of material facts, which are necessary for the plaintiff to prove in order to entitle him to the reliefs claimed in the suit.

08- mDr fl)karksa ds ifjizs{; esa gLrxr ekeys esa oknh dsa okn&i= ij fopkj fd;k x;kA oknh }kjk vius okn&i= esa ;g vafdr ugha fd;k x;k gS fd izfroknh }kjk jsosU;w vnkyr esa foØ; ds djkj ls bUdkj fd;k x;k gks vkSj foØ; ds djkj dh ikyuk ls euk fd;k gks] vfHkopu esa Li"V :i ls foØ;&i= fnukad 18-09-2024 dks voS/k] 'kwU; dks fu"izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djok, tkus dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj foØ; ds mijkar vuqikyuk ds laca/k esa vfHkopu fd, x;s gSa rFkk izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij Hkh okn&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA okn&i= ds voyksdu ls izFken`"V;k gh ;g izrhr ugha gksrk fd okn fe;kn ckgj gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fe;kn ds laca/k esa izfroknh ds tokc ds i'pkr fook|dksa ds fLFkjhdj.k fd;s tkdj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fe;kn dk fook|d fuLrkfjr fd;s tkus vkSj ;kph dh vksj ls fe;kn ds fook|d dks izkFkfedrk ls fuLrkfjr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k tkrk gS rks ml ij fof/klEer rjhds ls fuLrkfjr fd;k tkosA bl ckcr funsZf'kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA 09- tgka rd okn dkj.k dk iz'u gS] okn&i= ds lEiw.kZ voyksdu ls izFken`"V;k oknh dks okn dkj.k gkfly u gks ,slk izrhr ugha gksrkA vr% vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kku ds rgr oknh dks okn dkj.k gkfly ugha gksuk ekudj okn&i= [kkfjt fd;k tkuk izFken`"V;k fof/klEer ugha gSA 10- fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk tks vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] og vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds eqrkfcd fof/klEer gSA bl vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA ;kph dh ;kfpdk [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 11- vr% ;kph dh ;kfpdk [kkfjt dh tkrh gS vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd fook+|dksa dk fLFkjhdj.k djrs oDr fe;kn ds laca/k esa vyx ls fook|d dk;e fd, tkos vkSj ;fn ;kph dh vksj ls fe;kn ds fook|d dks izkFkfedrk ls fuLrkj.k fd, tkus ckcr vkosnu fn;k tkrk gS rks ml ij fopkj fd;k tkosA

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12- ;kfpdk ds lkFk izLrqr LFkxu izkFkZuk&i= dk Hkh fuLrkj.k fd;k tkrk gSA

(YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J

68-mayank/-