Patna High Court

Krishankant vs The State Of Bihar on 5 August, 2022

         IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
                    Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.10852 of 2022
     ======================================================

Krishankant S/o Sri Maheshwari Singh Resident of Village- Badiha, P.O.- Vijaypura, P.S. and Anchal- Dhanarua, District- Patna.

... ... Petitioner/s

Versus

1. The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary Rural Department, Bihar, Patna.

2. The Principal Secretary Minor Irrigation Department, Government of Bihar, Patna.

3. The District Magistrate, Patna-cum-second Appellate Authority, Public Dispute Resolution, Patna.

4. The Additional District Magistrate, Patna-cum-first Appellate Authority, Public Dispute Resolution, Patna.

5. The Sub-Divisional Officer-cum-Sub-Divisional Public Dispute Resolution Officer, Masaurhi, Patna.

6. The Circle Officer, Dhanarua, Patna.

7. Prasidhh Singh S/o Late Sadhu Singh Resident of Village- Badiha, P.O.-

Vijaypura, P.S. and Anchal- Dhanarua, District- Patna.

8. Saryug Singh S/o Late Sadhu Singh Resident of Village- Badiha, P.O.-

Vijaypura, P.S. and Anchal- Dhanarua, District- Patna.

... ... Respondent/s ====================================================== Appearance :

For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Arbind Kumar Singh, Advocate For the Respondent/s : Mr.Md. Khurshid Alam, AAG-12 ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE and HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S. KUMAR ORAL JUDGMENT (Per: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE)

(The proceedings of the Court are being conducted by Hon'ble the Chief Justice/Hon'ble Judges through Video Conferencing from their residential offices/residences. Also the Advocates and the Staffs joined the proceedings through Video Conferencing from their residences/offices.)

Date : 05-08-2022

Petitioner has prayed for the following relief(s):

Patna High Court CWJC No.10852 of 2022 dt.05-08-2022

"For issuance of an appropriate writ/order/ direction commanding Respondents authorities, specially to Respondent no. 6 the Circle Officer, Dhanarua to remove encroachment over plot no. 473, 404, 883 corresponding to khata no. 340, area 79 dec., 41 dec. And 2.50 dec. in Thana no. 295, mauza Badiha, Anchal Dhanarua, which is recorded at Aahar and Naali in cadastral survey khatiyan, encroached upon by Respondent no. 7 and 8 and for grant of any other suitable relief/reliefs for which local resident are entitled in the eye of law."

We find that petitioner has an alternative remedy, equally efficacious in term of and under the provisions of the Bihar Public Land Encroachment Act, 1956.

Confronted as to why the petitioner has not taken recourse

to such remedies, we see no answer forthcoming.

We see that the present petition is in the nature of private

interest litigation and not public interest litigation, inasmuch as

dispute between the private parties stands highlighted. As such, we

refrain from issuing any notice.

Learned counsel for the State opposes the petition stating

that the petition is misconceived; raises disputed question of fact; is

not in public interest; and that the issue can be best resolved at the

local level by the appropriate authorities.

The Hon'ble Supreme Court in D. N. Jeevaraj Vs. Chief Patna High Court CWJC No.10852 of 2022 dt.05-08-2022

Secretary, Government of Karnataka & Ors, (2016) 2 SCC 653,

paragraphs 34 to 38 observed as under:-

"34. The learned counsel for the parties addressed us on the question of the bona fides of Nagalaxmi Bai in filing a public interest litigation. We leave this question open and do not express any opinion on the correctness or otherwise of the decision of the High Court in this regard.

35. However, we note that generally speaking, procedural technicalities ought to take a back seat in public interest litigation. This Court held in Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P. [Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P., 1989 Supp (1) SCC 504] to this effect as follows: (SCC p. 515, para 16) "16. The writ petitions before us are not inter parties disputes and have been raised by way of public interest litigation and the controversy before the court is as to whether for social safety and for creating a hazardless environment for the people to live in, mining in the area should be permitted or stopped. We may not be taken to have said that for public interest litigations, procedural laws do not apply. At the same time it has to be remembered that every technicality in the procedural law is not available as a defence when a matter of grave public importance is for consideration before the court."

36. A considerable amount has been said about public interest litigation in R&M Trust [R&M Trust v. Koramangala Residents Vigilance Group, (2005) 3 SCC 91] and it is not necessary for us to dwell any further on this except to say that in issues pertaining to good governance, the courts ought to be somewhat more liberal in entertaining public interest litigation. However, in matters that may not be of moment or a litigation essentially directed against one organisation or individual (such as the present litigation which was directed only against Sadananda Gowda and later Jeevaraj was impleaded) ought not to be entertained or should be rarely entertained.

Patna High Court CWJC No.10852 of 2022 dt.05-08-2022

Other remedies are also available to public spirited litigants and they should be encouraged to avail of such remedies.

37. In such cases, that might not strictly fall in the category of public interest litigation and for which other remedies are available, insofar as the issuance of a writ of mandamus is concerned, this Court held in Union of India v. S.B. Vohra [Union of India v. S.B. Vohra, (2004) 2 SCC 150: 2004 SCC (L&S) 363] that: (SCC p. 160, paras 12-13) "12. Mandamus literally means a command. The essence of mandamus in England was that it was a royal command issued by the King's Bench (now Queen's Bench) directing performance of a public legal duty.

13. A writ of mandamus is issued in favour of a person who establishes a legal right in himself. A writ of mandamus is issued against a person who has a legal duty to perform but has failed and/or neglected to do so. Such a legal duty emanates from either in discharge of a public duty or by operation of law. The writ of mandamus is of a most extensive remedial nature. The object of mandamus is to prevent disorder from a failure of justice and is required to be granted in all cases where law has established no specific remedy and whether justice despite demanded has not been granted."

38. A salutary principle or a well-recognised rule that needs to be kept in mind before issuing a writ of mandamus was stated in Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India [Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India, (1974) 2 SCC 630] in the following words: (SCC pp. 641-42, paras 24-25) "24. ... The powers of the High Court under Article 226 are not strictly confined to the limits to which proceedings for prerogative writs are subject in English practice. Nevertheless, the well-recognised rule that no writ or order in the nature of a mandamus would issue when there is no failure to perform a mandatory duty applies in this country as well. Even in cases of alleged breaches of mandatory Patna High Court CWJC No.10852 of 2022 dt.05-08-2022

duties, the salutary general rule, which is subject to certain exceptions, applied by us, as it is in England, when a writ of mandamus is asked for, could be stated as we find it set out in Halsbury's Laws of England (3rd Edn.), Vol. 11, p. 106:

'198. Demand for performance must precede application.--As a general rule the order will not be granted unless the party complained of has known what it was he was required to do, so that he had the means of considering whether or not he should comply, and it must be shown by evidence that there was a distinct demand of that which the party seeking the mandamus desires to enforce, and that that demand was met by a refusal.'

25. In the cases before us there was no such demand or refusal. Thus, no ground whatsoever is shown here for the issue of any writ, order, or direction under Article 226 of the Constitution."

As such, petition stands disposed of in the following

terms:-

(a) Liberty reserved to the petitioner to take recourse to

such remedies as are otherwise available in accordance with law;

(b) We are hopeful that as and when petitioner takes

recourse to such remedies, as are otherwise available in law, before

the appropriate forum, the same shall be dealt with, in accordance

with law and with reasonable dispatch;

the matter expeditiously by a reasoned and speaking order preferably

within a period of four months from the date of approaching the

petitioner before the appropriate authority;

(d) Needless to add, while considering and deciding the Patna High Court CWJC No.10852 of 2022 dt.05-08-2022

matter, principles of natural justice shall be followed and due

opportunity of hearing afforded to the parties;

(e) Liberty reserved to the petitioner to approach the

appropriate forum/Court, should the need so arise subsequently on

the same and subsequent cause of action;

(f) We have not expressed any opinion on merits. All

issues are left open;

(g) The proceedings, during the time of current

Pandemic- Covid-19, shall be conducted through digital mode, unless

the parties otherwise mutually agree to meet in person i.e. physical

mode.