Patna High Court
N.H. 2 Bhumi Adhigrahan Sangharsh ... vs The State Of Bihar on 4 October, 2021
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.17270 of 2021
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N.H. 2 Bhumi Adhigrahan Sangharsh Samittee Amas Anchal Gaya through its
Secretary Amrendra Kumar Singh alias W.Singh aged about 56 years (Male)
Son of Sheo Bachan Singh, resident of Village Shyam Nagar Nima, P.S.
Amas, Anchal Amas, District - Gaya at present Bina Kunj Near Zila School
Gaya P.S. Civil Lin0.es District - Gaya.
... ... Petitioner/s
Versus
1. The State of Bihar through the Principal Secretary Department of Revenue
and Land Reforms Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
2. The Secretary Department of Revenue and Land Reforms Govt. of Bihar,
Patna.
3. The Commissioner Magadh Division, Gaya.
4. The District Magistrate, Gaya.
5. The Land Acquisition Officer, Gaya.
6. The Deputy Collector Land Reforms Sherghaty, Gaya.
7. The Sub divisional Officer Sherghaty, Gaya.
8. The Anchal Adhikari Amas, Gaya.
9. The Director of Consolidation Officer, Bihar, Patna.
10. The National Highway Authority for N.H. 2 Gaya.
... ... Respondent/s
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Appearance :
For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Nand Kishore Prasad Sinha, Advocate
For the NHAI : Mr. S.N. Pathak, Advocate
For the Respondent/s : Mr.Md. Khurshid Alam ( AAG-12 )
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CORAM: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
and
HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S. KUMAR
ORAL JUDGMENT
(Per: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S. KUMAR)
Date : 04-10-2021
This petition was filed on 27.09.2021, which was
registered and listed immediately, and is taken up today for
hearing.
Heard learned counsel for the parties.
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
Petitioner has prayed for the following relief(s):-
" 1. That, the present application is being filed in the interest of
public interest litigation on behalf of the petitioner who is the
secretary of NH2 Bhumi Adhigrahan Sangharsh Samittee of Amas
Anchal of the District of Gaya and looking after the problems and
welfare of farmers and Raiyats of villages under Amas Anchal
including the village namely Hemjapur, Akauna, Allahua Chak,
Karmain, Bankat, Barkisaon Lamebua , Manghaulia, Simari and
Jhari situated under Amas Anchal P.S. Amas of the District of Gaya
whose raiyaty lands are sought to acquired for the purpose of
extension of NH 2 as 6th lane by declaring the land of the aforesaid
villagers as the land of State Govt. by a Gazatte notification dated
22-4-2021 issued in daily news paper Hindustan by the Govt. of
India where as the lands of the raiyats of the aforesaid villages are
raiyati land' and are in peaceful possession since more than 50 years
and their names have been recorded in the State revenue records of
right, R.S. Khatian as well as in the consolidation records of rights,
their names have been mutated Jamabandi has been created and are
paying rent to the state of Bihar and getting rent receipts with
respect to their respective lands but without looking into the
aforesaid documents the land of the aforesaid villages has been
declared to be the land of State Govt. according to the C.S. Khatian
of 1914 where as the nature of land has been change during the
long span period of time and became the raiyati land of the raiyats
of the aforesaid villagers, which is highly illegal and violative
Article 300 A of the constitution of India and further to declare the
lands of the aforesaid villagers as raiyati land which is situated
besides NH 2 and became residential as well as commercial of the
lands of the aforesaid raiyats and the lands be acquired after paying
proper compensation to the raiyats of the aforesaid Sangharsh
Samittee of the aforesaid villagers pertaining to different khatas and
plots of the raiyats of the aforesaid villages, and as such the action
of the respondents is not sustainable in law and thus vitiated. "
The Hon'ble Supreme Court in D. N. Jeevaraj Vs.
Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka & Ors, (2016) 2
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
SCC 653, paragraphs 34 to 38 observed as under:-
"34. The learned counsel for the parties
addressed us on the question of the bona fides of
Nagalaxmi Bai in filing a public interest litigation. We
leave this question open and do not express any
opinion on the correctness or otherwise of the decision
of the High Court in this regard.
35. However, we note that generally speaking,
procedural technicalities ought to take a back seat in
public interest litigation. This Court held in Rural
Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P.
[Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of
U.P., 1989 Supp (1) SCC 504] to this effect as follows:
(SCC p. 515, para 16)
"16. The writ petitions before us are not inter
parties disputes and have been raised by way of
public interest litigation and the controversy
before the court is as to whether for social safety
and for creating a hazardless environment for the
people to live in, mining in the area should be
permitted or stopped. We may not be taken to
have said that for public interest litigations,
procedural laws do not apply. At the same time it
has to be remembered that every technicality in
the procedural law is not available as a defence
when a matter of grave public importance is for
consideration before the court."
36. A considerable amount has been said about
public interest litigation in R&M Trust [R&M Trust v.
Koramangala Residents Vigilance Group, (2005) 3
SCC 91] and it is not necessary for us to dwell any
further on this except to say that in issues pertaining to
good governance, the courts ought to be somewhat
more liberal in entertaining public interest litigation.
However, in matters that may not be of moment or a
litigation essentially directed against one organisation
or individual (such as the present litigation which was
directed only against Sadananda Gowda and later
Jeevaraj was impleaded) ought not to be entertained or
should be rarely entertained. Other remedies are also
available to public spirited litigants and they should be
encouraged to avail of such remedies.
37. In such cases, that might not strictly fall in
the category of public interest litigation and for which
other remedies are available, insofar as the issuance of
a writ of mandamus is concerned, this Court held in
Union of India v. S.B. Vohra [Union of India v. S.B.
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
Vohra, (2004) 2 SCC 150: 2004 SCC (L&S) 363] that:
(SCC p. 160, paras 12-13)
"12. Mandamus literally means a
command. The essence of mandamus in England
was that it was a royal command issued by the
King's Bench (now Queen's Bench) directing
performance of a public legal duty.
13. A writ of mandamus is issued in favour
of a person who establishes a legal right in
himself. A writ of mandamus is issued against a
person who has a legal duty to perform but has
failed and/or neglected to do so. Such a legal
duty emanates from either in discharge of a
public duty or by operation of law. The writ of
mandamus is of a most extensive remedial
nature. The object of mandamus is to prevent
disorder from a failure of justice and is required
to be granted in all cases where law has
established no specific remedy and whether
justice despite demanded has not been granted."
38. A salutary principle or a well-recognised
rule that needs to be kept in mind before issuing a
writ of mandamus was stated in Saraswati Industrial
Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India [Saraswati
Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India, (1974) 2
SCC 630] in the following words: (SCC pp. 641-42,
paras 24-25)
"24. ... The powers of the High Court
under Article 226 are not strictly confined to
the limits to which proceedings for prerogative
writs are subject in English practice.
Nevertheless, the well-recognised rule that no
writ or order in the nature of a mandamus
would issue when there is no failure to
perform a mandatory duty applies in this
country as well. Even in cases of alleged
breaches of mandatory duties, the salutary
general rule, which is subject to certain
exceptions, applied by us, as it is in England,
when a writ of mandamus is asked for, could
be stated as we find it set out in Halsbury's
Laws of England (3rd Edn.), Vol. 11, p. 106:
'198. Demand for performance must
precede application.--As a general rule the
order will not be granted unless the party
complained of has known what it was he
was required to do, so that he had the means
of considering whether or not he should
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
comply, and it must be shown by evidence
that there was a distinct demand of that
which the party seeking the mandamus
desires to enforce, and that that demand was
met by a refusal.'
25. In the cases before us there was no
such demand or refusal. Thus, no ground
whatsoever is shown here for the issue of any
writ, order, or direction under Article 226 of the
Constitution."
After the matter was heard for some time, learned
counsel for the petitioner, under instructions, states that
petitioner shall be content if a direction is issued to the
authority concerned (respondent no.5, The Land Acquisition
Officer, Gaya) or any of the statutory authority to consider
and decide the representation which the petitioner shall be
filing within a period of four weeks from today for redressal of
the grievance(s).
Learned counsel for the respondents states that if such
a representation is filed by the petitioner, the authority
concerned shall consider and dispose it of expeditiously and
preferably within a period of four months from the date of its
filing along with a copy of this order.
Statement accepted and taken on record.
As such, petition stands disposed of in the following
terms:-
(a) Petitioner shall approach the authority concerned
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
within a period of four weeks from today by filing a
representation for redressal of the grievance(s);
(b) The authority concerned shall consider and dispose
it of expeditiously by a reasoned and speaking order preferably
within a period of four months from the date of its filing along
with a copy of this order;
(c) Needless to add, while considering such
representation, principles of natural justice shall be followed
and due opportunity of hearing afforded to the parties;
(d) Equally, liberty is reserved to the petitioner to take
recourse to such alternative remedies as are otherwise available
in accordance with law;
(e) We are hopeful that as and when petitioner takes
recourse to such remedies, as are otherwise available in law,
before the appropriate forum, the same shall be dealt with, in
accordance with law and with reasonable dispatch;
(f) Liberty reserved to the petitioner to approach the
Court, if the need so arises subsequently on the same and
subsequent cause of action;
(g) Liberty also reserved to the petitioner to make a
mention for listing of the petition on priority basis. As and
when any such mention is made, Registry shall take steps for
Patna High Court CWJC No.17270 of 2021 dt.04-10-2021
listing the petition at the earliest.
(h) We have not expressed any opinion on merits. All
issues are left open;
(i) The proceedings, during the time of current
Pandemic- Covid-19 shall be conducted through digital mode,
unless the parties otherwise mutually agree to meet in person
i.e. physical mode;
The petition stands disposed of in the aforesaid terms.
Interlocutory Application(s), if any, stands disposed of.
(Sanjay Karol, CJ)
( S. Kumar, J)
Rajiv/sujit-
AFR/NAFR NAFR
CAV DATE NA
Uploading Date
Transmission Date NA
