Madras High Court
S.Abdul Basheer vs The State Of Tamil Nadu on 7 September, 2021
W.P. No.6534 of 2009
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
DATED: 07.09.2021
CORAM
THE HONOURABLE DR. JUSTICE ANITA SUMANTH
W.P. No. 6534 of 2009
S.Abdul Basheer ...Petitioner
Vs.
1.The State of Tamil Nadu,
Rep. by its Secretary to Govt.
Commercial Taxes and Registration Dept.
Secretariat, Chennai-600009
2.The Principal Secretary/
Commissioner of Commercial Taxes,
Ezhilagam, Chepauk
Chennai-600005 ...Respondents
Prayer: Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India praying to
issue a Writ of certiorarified mandamus calling for the records pertaining to the order
of the first respodnet in G.O.(2D.No.54, Commercial Taxes and registration (E2)
Dept.) dated 03.03.2009 quash the same and consequenlt direct the respondents to
confer all consequential service and monetary benefits.
For Petitioner : Mr.N.R.Jasmine Padma
For Respondents : Mr.S.John J. Raja Singh
Government Advocate
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1
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
ORDER
The petitioner was appointed as Assistant Commercial Taxes Officer (ACTO)
in the State Commercial Taxes Department in August 1976 and promoted through
the ranks. He held the post of Assistant Commissioner, renamed as Deputy
Commissioner.
2. While in the assessment circle, the petitioner had had occasion to frame
assessments in regard to Tvl. Larsen and Tubro Ltd. (assessee) under the provisions
of the Tamil Nadu General Sale Tax Act, 1959 (Act). Inter alia, the petitioner had
adopted the rate of 5% in regard to the turnover from sale of scaffolding material.
3. In doing so, the petitioner appears to have accepted unilaterally the
submission of the assessee to the effect that, that was the applicable rate on
scaffolding material and the same was supported by a Government Order. The
correct position appears to be that scaffolding material was not covered by a specific
entry in the Schedules to the Act and, in such an event, what would have been
applicable would be the rate of 8%, being the rate for residual items not covered by
specific entries.
4. The incumbent officer, noticing the mistake committed by his predecessor,
revised the assessment and called upon the assessee to remit the differential of 3%,
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
which was done by the assessee. Seeing as the assessment was based only upon the
accounts of the assessee itself and there have been no suppression by it, no penalty
was levied.
5. In this case, what concerns us is the initiation of disciplinary proceedings as
against the petitioner for alleged culpable negligence and carelessness in framing of
assessment under the Act leading to revenue loss. Statement of charges framed as
against him reads as follows:
'Charge No.1:
That Thiru S.Abdul Basheer, Assistant Commissioner (CT), during his
tenure as Assistant Commissioner (CT), Zone XI, Chennai from 25.01.2002 to
05.07.2004, has acted with culpabe negligence and recklessness in the discharge
of his assessment responsibilities and has adopted incorrect rate of tax on hire
charges of scaffolding materials in respcet of Tvl. Larsen and Toubro Limited for
the assessment years 1994-95 and 1995-96 under TNGST Act 1959 and, thereby,
caused a revenue loss of Rs.5,92,142-00 to the State Exchequer.
Charges no.2
That the said Thiru. A.Abdul Basheer, Assistant Commissioner (CT), by
his aforesaid lapses of culpable negligence and recklessness in the discharge of
assessment responsibilities and by causing the consequential huge revenue loss to
the State Exchequer, has failed to discharged his duty with devotion and diligence
and failed to safeguard the interest of Revenue, thereby, acting in a manner
unbecoming of a Government Servant, violative of Rule 20(1) of the Tamil Nadu
Government Servants Conduct Rule, 1973.
6. The petitioner was called upon to file a response to the charges and his
explanation was that he had been holding additional charge of two seats leading to
pressure of work and consequentially mistakes in the framing of the assessments.
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
While he does not dispute the position that a mistake had been committed, his
attempt was to show that there was no culpability that should lead to disciplinary
action. He further adopted the stand that it was only to correct errors in law that
statutory and revisionary tiers have been built into the scheme of the Act and thus
such mistakes could well be corrected by the superior officers.
7. In this very case, the mistake had been identified and corrected even prior
to the initiation of disciplinary proceedings. Thus, as far as revenue loss is
concerned, that aspect does not survive in the light of the assessee having made
good the differential of 3% arising from the erroneous assessment framed by the
petitioner.
8. There is no dispute on this position and both learned counsel before me
would confirm the position that there is no revenue loss that has been occasioned to
the State by virtue of the erroneous assessment originally framed. I am thus to look
into the aspect of whether the framing of the erroneous assessment itself should lead
to the initiation of disciplinary proceedings.
9. The law on this issue has been settled by a series of judgments of the
Hon'ble Supreme Court succinctly summarised by the Division Bench of this Court
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
in the case of Union of India and others V. P.Parameswaran and another1. The first
judgment is of a three Judge Bench in the case of Union of India and Others Vs.
K.K.Dhawan2. The facts of that case are akin to the matter before me insofar as, even
in that case, the delinquent officer had been employed in a Revenue Department,
though under a Central enactment. Charges were framed in regard to alleged
misconduct/misbehaviour that were challenged before the Administrative Tribunal.
10. The charges related to the finalisation of nine income tax assessments in
an irregular manner, the respondents contending that the assessments had been
completed in haste and with a view to conferring undue favours upon the assessee in
that matter. The allegation against the delinquent was that he had failed to maintain
integrity, failed to exhibit devotion to duty and had, in all, exhibited conduct that
was unbecoming of a Government Servant.
11. The Hon'ble Supreme Court made an important distinction between errors
that arise from the conduct of an employee in the course of quasi-judicial duty and
errors that arise from the interpretation and application of law. The conclusion was
that while the latter might be condonable, seeing as multiple views are possible in
the interpretation of a Statute, errors emanating from the conduct of quasi-judicial
1(W.P.No.11433 of 2001 dated 10.01.2008)
2 1993 AIR SC 1478
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
proceedings, particularly errors such as negligence in finalisation of assessments
with a clear view to favouring one party or the other and recklessness in the
discharge of duty, will attract disciplinary proceedings.
12. Thus and bearing in mind the above distinction, the Bench crystallized six
illustrations of disciplinary proceedings that could be initiated as against officers in
the exercise of quasi-judicial functions. While cautioning that the six instances were
not exhaustive, the Bench clarified that mere technical violation or a legally wrong
order may not attract disciplinary action.
13. The illustrative situations are :
(i) Where the officer had acted in a manner as would reflect on his
reputation for integrity or good faith or devotion to duty;
(ii) if there is prima facie material to show recklessness or misconduct in
the discharge of his duty;
(iii) if he has acted in a manner which is unbecoming of government
servant;
(iv) if he had acted negligently or that he omitted the prescribed conditions
which are essential for the exercise of the statutory powers;
(v) if he had acted in order to unduly favour a party-,
(vi) if he had been actuated by corrupt motive however, small the bribe
may be because Lord Coke said long ago “though the bribe may be small, yet the
fault is great”.
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
14. The second judgment is in the case of Zunjarro Bhikaji Nagarkar Vs.
Union of India and Others3. The petitioner in that case was employed as a
Collector/Commissioner of Central Excise and had been hauled up in regard to an
order-in-original wherein he was alleged to have favoured a party by not imposing
penalty upon him despite a finding that there had been clandestine manufacture and
clearance of excisable goods. Thus, while customs duty had been imposed, officer
had failed to impose penalty.
15. The Hon'ble Supreme Court held that a wrong interpretation of law could
not be a ground for misconduct unless it had been proved that the misconduct had
been deliberate and actuated by mala fides. Thus, negligence in quasi-judicial
adjudication would be an offence of far less gravity, unless it is proved that the
negligence was calculated and conscious, to derive a benefit. In the latter
circumstance, it would amount to a culpable offence that would attract disciplinary
proceedings.
16. In Union of India and Others Vs. Duli Chand4, the view in the Zunjarro
Bhikaji Nagarkar's case was held to be contrary to the view expressed in
3 (1997) 7 SCC 409
4 (2006) 5 SCC 680
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
K.K.Dhawan's case and the judgment in K.K.Dhawan's having been rendered by a
three Judge Bench, was preferred and followed.
17. In the case of the Government of Tamil Nadu Vs. K.N.Ramamurthy5, the
Hon'ble Supreme Court considered the plea of an officer who had been punished for
the improper discharge of judicial functions. Following the ratio laid down in
K.K.Dhawan's case, the Bench restored the punishment imposed, as it was of the
view that misconduct and irregularity in the discharge of judicial functions had been
established by the State before the Tribunal.
18. Then again in Ramesh Chander Singh Vs. High Court of Allahabad and
Another6, the Hon'ble Bench at para 12 reiterated the ratio in K.K.Dhawan's case
stating that the practice of initiating disciplinary proceedings against officers of the
subordinate judiciary, merely on the ground that their orders were erroneous in law,
should cease. Appeallate and revisional authorities have been vested with the
powers of intervention and correction of orders that are erroneous in law and
disciplinary action qua judicial orders, must thus be taken with great care, caution
and circumspection. Reference was also made to Zunjarro Bhikaji Nagarkar's case
in that judgment without any reference to Duli Chand's case.
5 (1997) 7 SCC 101
6 (2004) 4 SCC 247
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
19. In Inspector Prem Chand Vs. Governement of NCT of Delhi and others7,
following the ratio laid down in Zunjarro Bhikaji Nagarkar's case, disciplinary
proceedings were set aside on the basis of a finding of fact of the Tribunal that the
accused had not demanded a bribe from the complainant and thus, had not been
culpably negligent. Reference made to the observation in Zunjarro Bhikaji
Nagarkar's case to the effect that initiation of disciplinary proceedings as against an
employee must not be based on information that was vague or indefinite and
suspicion would have no role to play in such a matter. There must exist a reasonable
basis for the disciplinary authority to proceed as against the delinquent officer. Duli
Chand's case was not referred to.
20. A Division Bench of this Court in P.Parameswaran (supra) summarised
the tests laid down, and applied the same cumulatively concluding that malafides
should be attributed to the delinquent prior to fastening disciplinary proceedings
upon him. Government Servants must not be punished for an erroneous
interpretation of the law, simplicitor. The writ petition filed by the Union was
dismissed holding that the Tribunal in that case had understood the scope of judicial
review correctly.
7 (2007) 4 SCC 566
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
21. Applying the above tests to the facts in this case, the error in law
committed by the petitioner does not, in my view, justify the disciplinary
proceedings initiated. The enquiry officer has taken note of the position that no
culpability could be attributable to the petitioner though he was, admittedly,
negligent in assessment. Even the charge memo does not attribute any malafides or
allege unbecoming conduct on the part of the petitioner.
22. The issue at hand relates to the rate of tax to be imposed upon a particular
item. The question of rate of tax is one that is subject to some amount of debate and
discussion, and some margin for error is permissible, subject to the conclusion being
bonafide even if erroneous.
23. Thus, and in the light of the factual matrix as noted above, I am of the
view that the disciplinary proceedings initiated have no legs to stand.
24. This writ petition is allowed and the impugned proceedings set aside. No
costs.
07.09.2021
ska
Index: Yes/No
Speaking order/Non-speaking order
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
To
1.The State of Tamil Nadu,
Rep. by its Secretary to Govt.
Commercial Taxes and Registration Dept.
Secretariat, Chennai-600009
2.The Principal Secretary/
Commissioner of Commercial Taxes,
Ezhilagam, Chepauk
Chennai-600005
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W.P. No.6534 of 2009
Dr.ANITA SUMANTH,J.
ska
W.P. No. 6534 of 2009
07.09.2021
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