Madras High Court
R.Barathbaran (Died) vs R.Nallathambi on 16 November, 2021
S.A.No.142 of 2012
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
JUDGMENT RESERVED ON : 10.01.2022
JUDGMENT DELIVERED ON : 02.03.2022
CORAM
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE RMT.TEEKAA RAMAN
S.A.Nos.142 of 2012
and
M.P.No.1 of 2012
1.R.Barathbaran (Died) .. Appellant/Respondent/Plaintiff
2.Kalavathy
3.P.Vedhabaskaraguptha
4.P.Gnanaabaskaraguptha .. Appellants
Vs.
R.Nallathambi .. Respondent/Appellant/Defendant
[Appellant 2 to 4 brought on record as
LRs of the deceased sole appellant vide
order dated 16.11.2021 made in
CMP.2977/2021 by TKRJ]
_______________
Page No.1 of 15
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
PRAYER : This Second Appeal is filed under Section 100 of C.P.C., against
the judgment and decree dated 02.060.2011 made in A.S.No.4 of 2009 on
the file of the Principal District Court, Namakkal, in reversing the judgment
and decree, dated 20.04.2009 made in O.S.No.295 of 2008 on the file of the
Sub Court, Rasipuram.
For Appellants : Mr.N.Manokaran
For Respondent : Mr.C.Prakasam
JUDGMENT
The successful plaintiff is the appellant herein.
2. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as per the
ranking before the trial Court.
3. The plaintiff has filed the suit in O.S.No.345 of 2006 on the file
of the Sub Court, Namakkal, later transferred and renumbered as
O.S.No.295 of 2008 on the file of the Sub Court, Rasipuram against the
respondent herein for recovery of money of Rs.1,00,000/- each, borrowed
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
by him on 18.02.2004, 10.03.2004 and 05.04.2004 respectively, and
executed Ex.A1 to Ex.A3, promissory notes in favour of the plaintiff for
consideration. After issuing pre-suit notice, dated 15.11.2006, the plaintiff
filed the suit for recovery of the suit claim of Rs.4,59,000/- along with
subsequent interest.
4. Resisting the suit, the defendant filed written statement inter
alia admitting the execution of the suit promissory notes. However, the
defendant raised plea that the above mentioned promissory notes had been
executed towards security for the loan borrowed, and that the loan due was
settled by way of execution of a sale deed, dated 12.11.1999 in the name of
the plaintiff's wife. It is further alleged that the suit promissory notes were
not supported by consideration and the blank promissory notes were filled
up for the purpose of filing the suit in the year 2004. On the above
pleadings, the trial Court framed six issues.
5. On the plaintiff's side, the plaintiff has examined three witnesses
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
besides marking Ex.A1 to Ex.A8. On the side of the defendant, DW1 to
DW3 were examined besides marking Ex.B1 and Ex.B2. More so, Ex.C1 to
C5 and Ex.X1 to X5 were marked at the instance of the respective parties to
prove their case.
6. Upon consideration of oral and documentary evidence and also
taking note of the admission as to the execution, the trial Court considered
the statutory presumption under Section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments
Act and the authority of the holder in due course to fill up the promissory
notes under Section 20 of the Act, decreed the suit by the judgment and
decree, dated 20.04.2009.
7. Aggrieved by the decree of the suit, the defendant filed A.S.No.4
of 2009 before the Principal District Court, Namakkal. First Appellate Court
has neither considered the admissions made in the pleadings and evidences
nor taken note of the statutory presumptions in favour of the plaintiff, but,
erroneously allowed the appeal holding that the thump impression of the
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
defendant was not obtained in Ex.A1 to Ex.A3 and that the signature in each
of the promissory notes is different from each other on comparison by a
naked eye. Accordingly, lower Appellate Court reversed the judgment of the
trial Court and dismissed the suit by the judgment and decree, dated
02.06.2011. Being aggrieved by the reversal findings of the first Appellate
Court, the plaintiff filed this second appeal before this Court and the
plaintiff had the benefit of an order of attachment before judgment in
I.A.No.42 of 2007 in O.S.No.295 of 2008.
8. The above second appeal is admitted on the following
Substantial Questions of Law:
“1.Whether the first Appellate Court erred
in law in not considering the scope of Section 118 of
the Negotiable Instruments Act and the legal
presumptions arising under it before dismissing the
suit by reversing the well considered reasonings of
the trial Court?
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
2. Whether the first Appellate Court erred
in law in rejecting the plaintiff's right to fill up the
suit promissory notes under Section 20 of the
Negotiable Instruments Act whereupon the holder is
authorized to fill up the blanks and to negotiate the
instrument for a certain amount?
3. Whether the first Appellate Court is
correct in dismissing the suit on the basis of a
comparison by naked eye particularly when the
defendant has categorically admitted the
“execution” and “issuance” of Ex.A1 to Ex.A3 in
his written statement and in evidence before the
Court?”
9. Heard the learned counsel Mr.N.Manokaran, appearing for the
appellants/plaintiffs and the learned counsel Mr.C.Prakasam appearing for
the defendant/respondent.
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
10. The suit is based upon Exs.A1, A2 and A3 each one lakh.
11. In the written statement, the execution of the pro-note,
signature in the pro-note and issuance of the pro-note are not in dispute. The
trial court has rightly invoked the presumption under the Negotiable
Instruments Act and called upon the defendant to repay the presumption
and is filing decreed the suit. However, I find that the lower Appellate
Court/learned Principal District Judge, Namakkal, has not even considered
the presumption under the Negotiable Instruments Act and not followed
even burden of proof or onus of proof as stated in the Indian Evidence Act.
12(a). On perusal of the evidence of PW1 and PW2 and the written
statement filed by the defendant and the oral evidence of PW1, I find that
the execution and issuance of the pro-notes, viz., Ex.A1 to Ex.A3 are not in
dispute. In fact, the defendant has categorically admitted the same in the
written statement as well as in his evidence. However, the first Appellate
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
Court has committed an error in giving findings as to the execution. Once
the signature found in the suit documents have been admitted, there is no
need or necessity for the plaintiff to give explanation for not obtaining the
thump impression in the suit promissory note. There is no such law to get
the thump impression in the suit promissory note. There is no such law to
get the thump impression also in the promissory note, particularly, when the
execution and issuance of Ex.A1 to Ex.A3 were not in dispute.
12(b). When there was no dispute as to the execution of Ex.A1 to
Ex.A3, the first Appellate Court ought not to have compared the suit
documents by naked eye, as if, the defendant has denied execution and
therefore, based upon the above evidence both in oral and documentary
pleaded and evidence of the plaintiff side, I find that in terms of Section 4 of
the Indian Evidence Act, whenever it is provided by the Act that the Court
shall presume a fact, it shall record such fact as proved unless and until it is
disproved. Applying the said definitions of “proved” or “ disproved” under
Section 5 of the Indian Evidence Act to the principle behind Section 118 (a)
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the Court shall presume that Ex.A1 to
Ex.A3 were supported by consideration.
13. It remains to be stated that once the execution of the suit pro-
notes are admitted by the plaintiff and the defendant's signature is admitted
and issuance of cheque is admitted and as per Section 20 of the Negotiable
Instruments Act, the authority implied by the signature in the blank pro-note
that the defendant so signing was bound to be the faulter in due course but
as authored to fill the document.
14(a). In this regard, it is trite in law that in the case of mandatory
presumption, the burden of proof on the defendant in such a case would not
be as light. As the presumption is raised under Section 114 of the Indian
Evidence Act and cannot be held to be discharged merely on the fact that
the explanation offered by the defendant is reasonable. When there is a
statutory presumption in favour of the plaintiff, it has to be rebutted by
proof and not by a bare explanation. Unless the explanation is supported by
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
proof, the presumption created by the provision cannot said to be rebutted.
14(b). Presumption under Section 118 of the Negotiable
Instruments Act is one of law, and thereunder, the Court below shall
presume inter alia that the promissory notes were made for consideration.
Once statutory presumption is raised, onus of proving absence of
consideration is on the executant and hence, I find that the lower Appellate
Court has miserably failed to consider the pleading and evidence in the
proper prospective and has wrongly thrown the burden of proof on the
plaintiff with gross ignorance of legal presumption. The defendant had
admitted the execution of Ex.A1 to Ex.A3.
15. The discussion carried on by the lower Appellate Court,
particularly, at the end of the part of the judgment clearly shows that the
learned Appellate Judge has nor even understood the facts of the case and
has applied wrong preposition of burden of the proof forgetting the
presumption under the Negotiable Instruments Act and it is the onus of the
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
proof by the defendant to discharge the burden.
16(a). It remains to be stated that certain contradictions said to
have been noted by the lower Appellate Court basing upon the evidence of
PW1 and DW3-wife of PW1. It appears from the lower Court records that
on Court summons, the wife of PW1 was examined as DW3, it could have
been Court witness not the defendant witness. Secondly, she had deposed
regarding certain transaction taken between herself and defendant for the
construction of the house and the selling of the lands. Those transactions
cannot be mixed up with the alleged pro-note. The defendant having
admitted the signature in Ex.A1 to Ex.A3. Having admitted the factum of
handing over the document has not disputing the signature, however, for the
reasons best known the lower Appellate Court has entertained a suspicion
for not obtaining the thump impression of the defendant in Ex.A1 to Ex.A3,
when that is not the case of the defendant.
16(b). There is no mandatory provision under the Negotiable
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
Instruments Act that both the signature and thump impression has to be
obtained for a pro-note and the lower Appellate Judge has totally misguided
and misused the provision of the Negotiable Instruments Act, regarding
burden of proof and not even followed basic rudimentary of Section 20 of
the Negotiable Instruments Act.
16(c). Pending suit, in IA, the plaintiff has obtained attachment
before judgment. On erroneous application, the lower Appellate Court has
allowed the suit and granted suspension of order for attachment before
judgement.
17. Thus I find that the lower Appellate Court has erred in law in
rejecting the plaintiff's right to fill up the suit promissory notes under
Section 20 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, whereupon the holder is
authorized to fill up the blanks and to negotiate the instrument for a certain
amount and the “execution” of cheque and “issuance” of cheque, viz.,
Ex.A1 to Ex.A3 in his written statement and in his evidence before the
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
Court, the lower Appellate Court is not right in raising suspicion with
regard to the execution merely on the ground that the thump impression of
the defendant was not obtained in Ex.A1 to Ex.A3, particularly, when the
defendant has not denied the execution.
18. Accordingly, this Court comes to the conclusion that the
evidence of DW3 is too inform to discharge onus of proof as stated, the
statutory provision under Section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.
The approach adopted by the lower Appellate Court is condemnable. The
finding rendered by the lower Appellate Court that suit pro-note is not valid
in the absence of thumb impression is sustainable in law, more so, when the
defendant has not disputed the signature and hence, all the Substantial
Questions of Law are answered in affirmative in favour of the
appellant/plaintiff against the defendant/respondent.
19. In the result, this second appeal stands allowed. The judgement
and decree of the lower Appellate Court/Principal District Court, Namakkal,
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
dated 02.06.2011 in A.S.No.4 of 2009 is set aside and O.S.No.295 of 2008
is restored and the trial Court decree of attachment before judgment order
made in I.A.No.42 of 2007 in O.S.No.295 of 2008 is restored. No Costs.
Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is closed.
02.03.2022
Internet : Yes/No
Index : Yes/No
PJL
To
1.The Principal District Judge, Namakkal.
2.The Sub Judge, Rasipuram.
3.The Section Officer, V.R.Section, High Court, Madras.
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
S.A.No.142 of 2012
RMT.TEEKAA RAMAN,J.,
PJL
Judgment in
S.A.No.142 of 2012
02.03.2022
_______________
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
