Varun Kumar vs State Of Chhattisgarh
2022 Latest Caselaw 6096 Chatt

                                         1

                                                                         NAFR
                 HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
                        Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 12 of 2022
          Varun Kumar, son of Shri Narayan Rahangdale, aged about 37
          years, Caste Pawar, resident of village Hospital Sector­6,
          Dallirajhara, District Durg (CG)


                                                               ­­­Petitioner

                                      Versus

       1. State of Chhattisgarh through the Home Secretary, Department
          of Home Mahanadi Bhavan, Mantralaya, Naya Raipur, District
          Raipur (CG)

       2. Director General of Police, Chhattisgarh Raipur, District Raipur
          (CG)

       3. Jail Superintendent of Police, Central Jail Raipur, District Raipur
          (CG)

       4. Superintendent of Police, Balod, District Balod Chhattisgarh

       5. Station House Officer, Police Station Rajhara, District Balod (CG)

                                                          ­­­Respondents

For Petitioner :­ Mr.Arjun Singhroul, Advocate For Respondents/State :­ Mr.Arijit Tiwari, Panel Lawyer

Hon'ble Shri Justice Sanjay K. Agrawal Order on Board

29/09/2022

1. By way of this writ petition, the petitioner has called in question

order impugned order dated 31.7.2021 and 19.7.2021 (Annexure

P/8) by which respondent­State has rejected the application filed

by the petitioner under Section 432(1) of CrPC for remission of

his remaining jail sentence.

2. The petitioner is convict and undergoing the sentence for offence

under Section 302/34 of the IPC and he is in jail since for more

than 19 years. He made an application for remission under

Section 432(1) of the CrPC. The State Government sought

opinion from the First Additional Sessions Judge, Balod /

convicting Court about granting of remission. The First

Additional Sessions Judge, Balod by its memo dated 21.9.2020

opined that the manner in which the offence is committed, the

petitioner is not entitled for remission and sent negative

recommendation / opinion to the State Government and the

State Government vide Annexure P­8 citing that positive opinion

has not been given by the First Additional Sessions Judge, Balod

has rejected the petitioner's application for remission, against

which, this writ petition has been filed.

3. Mr.Arjunlal Singhroul, learned counsel for the petitioner, would

submit that the order impugned passed by the State Government

is in teeth of the provisions contained in Section 432(1) of the

CrPC in light of the decisions rendered by the Supreme Court in

the matters of Ram Chander v. State of Chhattisgarh 1 and

Laxman Naskar v. Union of India2, as such, the impugned

order be quashed and respondent­State may be directed to

consider petitioner's application afresh.

4. Mr. Arijit Tiwari, learned Panel Lawyer for the

respondents/State, would support the impugned order and

submit that petitioner's case has strictly been considered in

accordance with the provision contained in Section 432(1) of 1 AIR 2022 SC 2017 2 (2000) 2 SCC 595

CrPC after obtaining the recommendation/opinion of the learned

trial Judge and thereafter, it has been rejected, as such, the

instant writ petition deserves to be dismissed.

5. I have heard learned counsel for the parties, considered their

rival submissions made herein­above and perused the record

with utmost circumspection.

6. In order to consider the plea raised at the Bar, it would be

appropriate to notice Section 432 of CrPC which states as

under :­

"432. Power to suspend or remit sentences. ­ (1) When any person has been sentenced to punishment for an offence, the appropriate Government may, at any time, without conditions or upon any conditions which the person sentenced accepts, suspend the execution of his sentence or remit the whole or any part of the punishment to which he has been sentenced. (2) Whenever an application is made to the appropriate Government for the suspension or remission of a sentence, the appropriate Government may require the presiding Judge of the Court before or by which the conviction was had or confirmed, to state his opinion as to whether the application should be granted or refused, together with his reasons for such opinion and also to forward with the statement of such opinion a certified copy of the record of the trial or of such record thereof as exists.

(3) to (7) XXX XXX"

7. The power to consider remission under Section 432(1) of the

CrPC has been conferred to the appropriate Government to

consider and suspend the execution of his sentence or to remit

the whole or any part of the punishment to which the accused

person has been sentenced i.e. the petitioner in this case.

8. It is well settled that Section 432 of the CrPC has application

only in two situations firstly, where a convict is to be given

"additional" remission or remission for a period over and above

the period that he is entitled to or he is awarded under the Jail

Manual, and secondly, where a convict is sentenced to life

imprisonment, which is for an indefinite period, subject to

procedural and substantive checks. (See: Sangeet v. State of

Haryana3)

9. It is also settled that a convict undergoing life imprisonment is

expected to remain in custody till the end of his life, subject to

any remission granted by the appropriate Government under

Section 432 of the CrPC which in turn is subject to the

procedural checks mentioned in the said provision and further

substantive check in Section 433A of the CrPC. (See : Mohinder

Singh v. State of Punjab4)

10. The Supreme Court in the matter of Ram Chander (supra) has

considered its earlier decisions including the Constitution Bench

decision rendered in the matter of Union of India v. Sriharan5

as well as in Laxman Naskar (supra) and has held as under :­

"20. In Sriharan (supra), the court observed that the opinion of the presiding judge shines a light on the nature of the crime that has been committed, the record of the convict, their background and other relevant factors. Crucially, the Court observed that the opinion of the presiding judge would enable the government to take the 'right' decision as to whether or not the sentence should be remitted. Hence, it cannot be said that the opinion of the presiding judge is only a relevant factor, which does not have any determinative effect on the application for remission. The purpose of the procedural safeguard under Section 432(2) of the CrPC would stand defeated if the opinion of the presiding judge becomes just another factor that may be taken into consideration

3 AIR 2013 SC 447 4 2013 Cri.LJ 1559 5 (2016) 7 SCC 1

by the government while deciding the application for remission. It is possible then that the procedure under Section 432(2) would become a mere formality.

21. However, this is not to say that the appropriate government should mechanically follow the opinion of the presiding judge. If the opinion of the presiding judge does not comply with the requirements of Section 432(2) or if the judge does not consider the relevant factors for grant of remission that have been laid down in Laxman Naskar v. Union of India (supra), the government may request the presiding judge to consider the the matter afresh.

22. In the present case, there is nothing to indicate that the presiding judge took into account the factors which have been laid down in Laxman Naskar v. Union of India (supra). These factors include assessing (i) whether the offence affects the society at large; (ii) the probability of the crime being repeated; (iii) the potential of the convict to commit crimes in future; (iv) if any fruitful purpose is being served by keeping the convict in prison; and (v) the socio­economic condition of the convict's family. In Laxman Naskar v. State of West Bengal (supra) and State of Haryana v. Jagdish6, this Court has reiterated that these factors will be considered while deciding the application of a convict for pre mature release.

23. In his opinion dated 21 July 2021 the Special Judge, Durg referred to the crime for which the petitioner was convicted and simply stated that in view of the facts and circumstances of the case it would not be appropriate to grant remission. The opinion is in the teeth of the provisions of Section 432(2) of the CrPC which require that the presiding Judge's opinion must be accompanied by reasons. Halsbury's Laws of India (Administrative Law) notes that the requirement to give reasons is satisfied if the concerned authority has provided relevant reasons. Mechanical reasons are not considered adequate. The following extract is useful for our consideration :

"[005.066] Adequacy of reasons Sufficiency of reasons, in a particular case, depends on the facts of each case. It is not necessary for the authority to write out a judgement as a court of law does. However, at least, an outline of process of reasoning must be given. It may satisy the requirement of giving reasons if relevant reasons have been given for the order, though the authority has not set out all the reasons or some of the reasons which had been argued before the court have not been expressly considered by the authority. A mere repetition of the statutory language in the order will not make the order a reasoned one.

6 (2010) 4 SCC 216

Mechanical and stereotype reasons are not regarded as adequate. A speaking order is one that speaks of the mind of the adjudicatory body which passed the order. A reason such as 'the entire examination of the year 1982 is cancelled', cannot be regarded as adequate because the statement does explain as to why the examination has been cancelled; it only lays down the punishment without stating the causes therefor."

24. Thus, an opinion accompanied by inadequate reasoning would not satisfy the requirements of Section 432(2) of the CrPC. Further, it will not serve the purpose for which the exercise under Section 432(2) is to be undertaken, which is to enable the executive to make an informed decision taking into consideration all the relevant factors.

25. In view of the above discussion, we hold that the petitioner's application for remission should be re­ considered. We direct the Special Judge, Durg to provide an opinion on the application afresh accompanied by adequate reasoning that takes into consideration all the relevant factors that govern the grant of remission as laid down in Laxman Naskar v. Union of India (supra). The Special Judge, Durg must provide his opinion within a month of the date of the receipt of this order. We further direct the State of Chhattisgarh to take a final decision on the petitioner's application for remission afresh within a month of receiving the opinion of the Special Judge, Durg."

11. Reverting to the facts of the present case in light of the

aforesaid pronouncements by their Lordships of the Supreme

Court in the above­stated judgments (supra), in the instant case,

it appears that the First Additional Sessions Judge, Balod, in its

opinion dated 21.9.2020 has simply observed that the manner in

which the offence is committed, the petitioner is not entitled for

remission and on the basis of the said opinion of the First

Additional Sessions Judge, Balod, the State Government has

rejected petitioner's application for remission vide impugned

order dated 31.7.2021 and 19.7.2021 (Annexure P/8), which is

in teeth of the decision rendered by the Supreme Court in Ram

Chander (supra). Accordingly, the impugned orders dated

31.7.2021 to the extent of petitioner only and 19.7.2021

(Annexure P/8) passed by the respondent­State are hereby set

aside. Matter is remitted to the State Government to decide

petitioner's application for remission afresh. The State

Government will call for the opinion of learned First Additional

Session Judge, who will provide his opinion on the petitioner's

application within one month from the date of requisition and

thereafter, the State Government will decide the petitioner's

application within one month from the date of receipt of opinion

from learned First Additional Sessions Judge. As such, the State

Government will decide petitioner's application in accordance

with law within two months from the date of receipt of a copy of

this order.

12. With the aforesaid directions, this writ petition stands disposed

of. No cost(s).

Certified copy, as per rules.

                                                            Sd/­ ­
          (Sanjay K. Agrawal)                       (Sanjay K. Agrawal)
              Judge                                           Judge

B/­