Chhobi Mallik vs The State Of West Bengal & Ors
2023 Latest Caselaw 3843 Cal

Form J(2)       IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
                   Constitutional Writ Jurisdiction
                            Appellate Side
Present :
The Hon'ble Justice Bibek Chaudhuri
                       WPA 8749 of 2016
                          Chhobi Mallik
                              Vs.
                The State of West Bengal     & Ors.

For the petitioner    : Mr. Dhiraj Kr. Trivedi, Adv.
                        Mr. Varun Kothari, Adv.
                        Mr. Bhupendra Gupta, Adv.

For the State         : Mr. Biswajit De, Adv.
                        Ms. Rajlakhmi Ghatak, Adv.

Heard on              : 13.06.2023.

Judgment On           : 13.06.2023.

Bibek Chaudhuri, J.

It is not disputed that the petitioner has been residing in

England. Sometimes in 1974, she decided to have a plot of land in

the then upcoming city of Salt Lake. Indisputably she filed an

application on 13th March, 1974 before the competent authority

praying for allotment of land measuring approximately about 4

Kathas in Salt Lake Township. It is also on record that on 6 th May,

1974 "letter of offer of allotment" was made in favour of the

petitioner containing certain terms and conditions. For our purpose

Clauses b, d, f and j are relevant and quoted below:-

(b) You are to deposit 50 per cent. of the said salami as earnest

money with the Reserve Bank of India, Calcutta, by a Chalan in

T.R. Form No.7 and submit to the Government the receipted

Chalan along with your formal application in duplicate in the

enclosed form as a token of unconditional acceptance of the

terms of the lease, a copy of which is also enclosed herewith,

and the premium or salami at which the land is offered. The

amount is to be paid within 40 days from the date of issue of

the letter failing which it shall be presumed that you are not

interested in the plot and the allotment order shall stand

automatically cancelled.

(d) The remaining 50 per cent. of the premium or salami will be

payable within two months from the date of receipt of the

information that the land is ready for delivery of possession.

(f) On failure to make payment of the instalment referred to in

clause (d) above within the prescribed period the earnest

money mentioned in clause (b) will be liable to be forfeited and

the allotment order cancelled and the Government will be at

liberty to offer the plot to another party.

(j) Physical possession of the plot will not be handed over

before the premium or salami has been paid in full.

It is submitted by the learned Advocate by the learned

Advocate for the petitioner that on receipt of the above-mentioned

letter dated 6th May, 1974, the petitioner deposited 50 per cent. of

the salami in favour of the concerned authority.

It is also an accepted position that the application accepting

offer of allotment of land was not executed by the petitioner till date

on the ground that the respondent authority never intimated him with

the plot of land was ready for delivery which is the condition

precedent for execution of the said application on payment of the

balance amount of salami.

It is on record (Annexure-P2) that the allottee was informed on

11th /14th September, 1974 that she was allotted plot no.191 in Block

AC of Sector I of the Township. It was further directed that the blue-

prints of the entire Sector or a particular block thereof may be

obtained from the Office of the Special Engineer, Salt Lake

Reclamation and Development Circle at No.9, Brabourne Road (4 th

Floor), Calcutta-1, on payment of a charge of Rs.4 (Rupees four only)

per copy. Then again on 29th March, 1976, the respondent authority

forwarded two copies of revised agreement books requesting the

petitioner to sign and return the said agreement book to the

department immediately in duplicate for taking further action in

respect of execution of deed of lease.

It is frankly admitted by the learned Advocate for the petitioner

that since the petitioner was at that point of time residing in England,

it was not possible for her to take follow up action continuously with

regard to the said allotment of land and execution of deed on

payment of further sum of Rs.10,000/- (Rupees Ten thousand only).

However, the petitioner executed a power of attorney in favour of her

sister Smt. Mala Kundu, who used to look after the said issue.

After a long time of 6th September, 2005, the Executive

Engineer, Design, Salt Lake Reclamation and Development Circle

wrote a letter to the petitioner requiring her to produce original G.O.,

original receipted challans, original money receipts etc. It is also

stated in the said letter that the file concerning AC 191, Salt Lake City

was missing from the office and in order to reconstruct the file, the

said documents were necessary. However, the said documents were

not produced by the petitioner. A reminder letter was issued on 27 th

October, 2006 to the petitioner requiring those documents once again

but the petitioner sat tight over the matter. After a lapse of about 6

(six) years on 11th April, 2012, the constituted attorney of the

petitioner submitted certain documents to the Executive Engineer,

Design, Salt Lake Reclamation and Development Circle.

However, the respondents did not take any action over the said

matter. Finally, on 15th September, 2015 the petitioner wrote another

letter requesting the respondent No.4 to grant her permission to pay

the balance 50 per cent salami with the penalty in respect of plot No.

AC 191 and deliver possession of the said land in favour of her.

Finally on 13th January, 2016 allotment in respect of the said plot in

favour of the petitioner was cancelled unilaterally by the respondent

No.4 mainly on two following grounds:-

(a) 50 per cent balance amount was not deposited within the

stipulated period of time.

(b) The plot remains unutilized for more than 40 years.

Issuance of the said letter is the cause of action to file the

instant writ petition by the petitioner.

In order to buttress his argument the learned advocate for the

petitioner has referred to a decision of the Division Bench of this Court

in Rupa and Co. Ltd. and Ors. versus the State of West Bengal

and others reported in (2020) 2 CALLT 383(HC). It is needless to

say that this report deals with allotment of plot of land in New Town

by HIDCO. The facts and circumstances of the case shows that initially

HIDCO used to transfer free hold land to the allottees and

subsequently HIDCO unilaterally decided to transfer the land to the

allottees executing long term lease with certain restrictive covenants

of non-transferability of land and other grounds by the Division Bench

of this Court after taking into consideration series of Supreme Court

decisions ultimately held in paragraph 33:-

"There was a change of mind or an alteration in the

attitude of the government. It was of the opinion that it should not

divest itself of the legal ownership of the land. The entire swath of

land in New Town should continue to belong to it. So, the conveyance

of land in favour of the appellant was to be abandoned. Instead, they

would get only a leasehold subject to stringent conditions like

restriction on subletting, partition etc., as the government did not like

fragmented holdings in that area. In my opinion, the government

should have realized this when they proposed to make the allotment

in the appellant's favour. Once having consciously taken the decision

to make the allotment and having made it, they could not change this

decision unilaterally. In the contractual field it could be changed only

by mutual agreement. The unilateral decision to change the terms of

allotment by converting it into an allotment of leasehold interest with

the above restrictions without a valid piece of legislation or a lawful

administrative act or policy was arbitrary, unreasonable, wrongful and

illegal."

I have gone through the above decision. On factual score the

ratio of the above mentioned report is completely different from the

facts and circumstances of this case. In the above report initial offer

to the allottee was made for transfer of free hold land. Subsequently,

after allotment and better execution of the deed of conveyance the

authority decided unilaterally that the allottees would be given

possession of leasehold land. The Division Bench of this Court held

that such unilateral alteration after allotment of land is not

permissible.

The learned advocate for the State Respondent has submitted a

report stating contention of the State of West Bengal. Urban Land

Development is not represented in the hearing.

Now, let me consider the entire gamut of the issue in the

perspective of the law of contract. Basically the letter dated 6 th May,

1974 was an offer of allotment made by the Government of West

Bengal in favour of the petitioner. The petitioner accepted the offer

subject to the conditions mentioned in the said letter of offer of

allotment and quoted hereinabove. On payment of initial 50 per cent

of the salami or premium an application accepting of her allotment of

land was annexed with the said offer of allotment. The application

accepting offer of allotment of land was executed by the petitioner.

Thereafter on 11th/14th September, 1974 the petitioner was allotted

plot No.191 of Block AC of Sector-I at Salt Lake Township. This letter

is the allotment letter of the said plot. This is also a communication

that the plot is ready for delivery of possession and the petitioner was

under obligation to deposit balance amount within 60 days from the

said 11th/14th September, 1974. The petitioner has failed to comply

with the said direction contained in the offer of allotment. After a

lapse of about 40 years the case cannot be reopened. Therefore, I do

not find any merit in the instant writ petition. Accordingly, the instant

writ petition is dismissed.

(Bibek Chaudhuri, J.)

Mithun De/ Suman Das A.R. (Ct).

Sl No.01.