Vijay Rajendra Patil vs The Commissioner Of Police, ...
2021 Latest Caselaw 8121 Bom

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           IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                         WRIT PETITION NO.797 OF 2021

Vijay Rajendraa Patilr                                               ...Petiltilondea
            vs.
The Commilssilondea of Porilce, Nashilk andr Oas.                    ...Respondrendts

Ma. Akshay Bandkapua, foa the Petiltilondea
Ma. J.P. Yagndilk, APP foa the Respondrendts-State.

                                    CORAM :          S. S. SHINDE &
                                                     N. J. JAMADAR, JJ.

                 JUDGMENT RESERVED ON :  11th JUNE, 2021
                 JUDGMENT PRONOUNCED ON: 19th JUNE, 2021

                                              ---------

JUDGMENT (Pea N.J.Jamaraa, J.)

1. The petiltilondea, who has beend retailnder undrea the paovilsilonds

of sectilond 3(2) of the Mahaaashtaa Paevendtilond of Dandgeaous

Actilviltiles Of Srumroars, Bootreggeas, Daug-Offendreas, Dandgeaous

Peasonds, Vilreo Pilaates, Sandr Smuggreas Andr Peasonds Endgager Ind

Brack-Maaketilndg Of Essendtilar Commoriltiles Act, 1981 ("MPDA

Act"), by oarea rater 29th Jury, 2020, passer by the Commilssilondea

of Porilce, Nashilk (Respondrendt No. 1), has paefeaaer thils petiltilond to

quash andr set asilre the retendtilond oarea, by ilndvokilndg the wailt

juailsrilctilond of thils Couat undrea Aatilcre 226 of the Condstiltutilond of

Indrila.

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2. Shoand of undndecessaay retailrs, the backgaoundr facts rearilndg

to thils petiltilond cand be stater as undrea:

a] The petiltilondea came to be aaaailgnder ilnd C.R.No. 173 of

2020 aegilsteaer wilth Argaond porilce statilond, Nashilk Cilty foa

the offendces pundilshabre undrea sectilonds 307, 323 aear wilth

34 of the Indriland Pendar Core andr sectilond 135 of the

Mahaaashtaa Porilce Act foa havilndg arregerry attempter to

commilt muarea of Gandgarhaa Pandriltaao Aahea, the fast

ilndfoamandt, andr Suaesh Ramesh Sarundkhe, and ilndjuaer

wiltndess, arondg wilth co-accuser. The petiltilondea came to be

aaaester ilnd the sailr cailme ond 4th Jury, 2020.

b] It taandspilaer that, ilnd the ilndteavendilndg peailor, the

Respondrendt No. 1 har aecoarer ilnd cameaa statemendts of two

wiltndesses. Whilre the petiltilondea was stilrr ilnd jurilcilar custory,

the Respondrendt No. 1 passer the ilmpugnder oarea rater 29 th

Jury, 2020 wilth a vilew to paevendt the petiltilondea faom actilndg

ilnd andy mandndea paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc

oarea. The Respondrendt No. 1 was of the vilew that the

mateailar pracer befoae hilm ilndrilcater that the petiltilondea was

'a randgeaous peasond' wilthilnd the meandilndg of sectilond 2(b-1) of

the MPDA Act. The ilrregar acts of the petiltilondea, ovea a peailor

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of tilme, poser a seailous thaeat andr randgea to the rilves of raw

abilrilndg andr peace rovilndg ciltilzends. The vilorendt andr randgeaous

acts of the petiltilondea weae hazaarous andr paejurilcilar to the

mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea. Hendce, the Respondrendt No. 1

oareaer the retendtilond of the petiltilondea ilnd exeacilse of the

poweas condfeaaer by sectilond 3(2) of the MPDA Act.

c] The ilmpugnder retendtilond oarea was appaover by the

Goveandmendt ond 30th Jury, 2020. The Arvilsoay Boaar opilnder

that theae was suffcilendt cause to retailnd the petiltilondea. The

petiltilondea has, thus, ilndvoker the wailt juailsrilctilond of thils

Couat to quash the retendtilond oarea condtendrilndg that ilt suffeas

faom ndond apprilcatilond of milndr andr ndond condsilreaatilond of viltar

mateailar andr theaeby undjustilfabry ilndfailndges the peasondar

rilbeaty of the petiltilondea.

3. Though the petiltilondea has aailser murtilpre gaoundrs to assailr

the ilmpugnder oarea of retendtilond, yet the petiltilondea has paesser

ilndto seavilce the forrowilndg gaoundrs, as andr by way of the pailndcilpar

charrendge, to the ilmpugnder oarea.

(g) The petiltilondea states andr submilts that the Spondsoailndg Authoailty whilre foawaarilndg the paoposar, rilr ndot prace befoae the Detailndilndg Authoailty the retailrer oarea rater 11 th Junde,

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2020 andr 18th Junde, 2020 passer by the reaander Sessilonds Jurge, Nashilk gaandtilndg bailr to othea co-accuser Akash Rajendraa Dharkande andr Suaaj Kandtilrar Veama ilnd C.R.No. 173 of 2020 but foawaarer ondry the opeaatilve paat. The retailrer oarea passer by the reaander Sessilonds Jurge, Nashilk whilre aereasilndg the othea co-

accuser was a viltar pilece of evilrendce andr the same ought to have beend foawaarer to the Detailndilndg Authoailty andr the Detailndilndg Authoailty ought to have carrer foa ilt andr peauser the same. The Detailndilndg Authoailty ought to have carrer foa these oareas ilnd oarea to satilsfy hilmserf of possilbilrilty of the retendu beilndg aereaser ond bailr.

(h) The petiltilondea states andr submilts that fasry gilvend the fact that the retendu was ilnd custory foa moae thand a mondth, andr ond the rate of ilssuandce of the paevendtilve retendtilond oarea, theae was ndevea andy possilbilrilty of he beilndg endraager ond bailr. Secondrry, ondce he was ndot endraager ond bailr but was ilnd custory foa moae thand a mondth andr ilnd aeratilond to a seailous cailme, thend, ilt ils puae guess woak ond the paat of the retailndilndg authoailty that the retendu wourr be endraager ond bailr ilnd futuae. Theae aae absorutery ndo mateailars whilch wourr ilndrilcate that theae ils a possilbilrilty of the retendu beilndg endraager ond bailr. It was thus ilmpeaatilve upond the Detailndilndg Authoailty to show the mateailars agailndst the petiltilondea weae creaa, cogendt andr satilsfactoay andr meaery a gendeaar statemendt wourr ndot suffce.

(il) The petiltilondea states andr submilts that the Detailndilndg Authoailty failrer to obseave the fndrilndg aendreaer by the reaander Sessilonds Jurge whilre recilrilndg the Andtilcilpatoay bailr oarea rater 3ar Jury, 2020 showilndg that the State har arso paayer foa candcerratilond of bailr of the petiltilondea ilnd C.R.No.494 of 2019.

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4. Affravilts ilnd aepry have beend frer. The Respondrendt No. 1 has

suppoater the ilmpugnder oarea by poilndtilndg the the acts, condruct

andr andtecerendts of the petiltilondea whilch, accoarilndg to the

Respondrendt No. 1, justilfer and ilndfeaendce that the petiltilondea ils a

randgeaous peasond andr the subjectilve satilsfactilond that the

petiltilondea's beilndg at raage was paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of

pubrilc oarea. The affravilts ilnd aepry have arso beend frer ond beharf

of Respondrendt No. 2- State andr Respondrendt No. 3 Arvilsoay Boaar.

5. Ind the wake of afoaesailr factuar backraop andr prearilndgs, we

have heaar Ma. Akshay Bandkapua, reaander coundser foa the

Petiltilondea, andr Ma. J.P. Yagndilk, reaander APP foa the Respondrendts-

State at some rendgth. We have beend takend thaough the mateailar ond

aecoar.

6. Ma. Bandkapua, reaander coundser foa the petiltilondea, candvasser

a submilssilond that heavy ondus aests ond the Detailndilndg Authoailty to

justilfy the oarea of paevendtilve retendtilond whend the retendu ils

araeary ilnd condfndemendt. Amprilfyilndg the submilssilond, Ma. Bandkapua

wourr uage that ilnd such a case, the mateailar ond aecoar whilch the

Detailndilndg Authoailty condsilreaer, must ilndrilcate that the theae was

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and ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of aerease of the retendu faom condfndemendt.

7. Layilndg emphasils ond the gaoundrs (g), (h) andr (il), extaacter

above, Ma. Bandkapua uager, wilth a regaee of vehemendce, that the

gaoundrs of retendtilond seaver ond the petiltilondea, ilnd the case at handr,

ro ndot ilndrilcate that the Detailndilndg Authoailty har satilsfer hilmserf

that theae was and ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of the aerease of the

petiltilondea ond bailr. A two-paondger submilssilond was arvandcer. Filast,

the retailrer oareas undrea whilch the co-accuser weae aereaser ond

bailr ilnd C.R.No. 173 of 2020 (ilnd whilch the petiltilondea was ilnd

custory) weae ndot pracer befoae the Detailndilndg Authoailty andr the

ratea har ondry condsilreaer the opeaatilve oareas ilnd those bailr

apprilcatilonds. Secondr, the statemendt that theae was "ilmmilndendt

possilbilrilty of the aerease of the petiltilondea ond bailr" was ndot

suppoater by the mateailar ond aecoar, andr thus, a meae ilpse rilxilt.

8. Ma. Bandkapua fuathea uager that, ilnd the absendce of

afoaesailr mateailar, the Detailndilndg Authoailty courr ndot have foamer

and opilndilond that theae was possilbilrilty of the petiltilondea beilndg

aereaser ond bailr, rilke the co-accuser, as the aspect of the aore of

the petiltilondea ilnd the arreger offendce andr condsequendtilar paailty ilnd

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the mattea of gaandt of bailr, rilr ndot endtea ilndto the recilsilond makilndg

paocess. Nond condsilreaatilond of the retailrer oareas passer by the

Couat, undrea whilch the co-accuser weae aereaser ond bailr,

accoarilndg to Ma. Bandkapua, thus viltilater the retendtilond oarea.

9. Ind oarea to rendr suppoat to the afoaesailr submilssilonds, Ma.

Bandkapua pracer a veay staondg aerilandce ond the jurgmendt of

Supaeme Couat ilnd the case of Rekha vs. State of T.N. andr Anda. 1.

Emphasils was railr ond the obseavatilonds ilnd paaa No. 10, whilch aear

as undrea:

10. Ind oua opilndilond, ilf retailrs aae gilvend by the aespondrendt authoailty about the arreger bailr oareas ilnd silmilraa cases mendtilondilndg the rate of the oareas, the bailr apprilcatilond ndumbea, whethea the bailr oarea was passer ilnd aespect of co- accuser ilnd the same case, andr whethea the case of the co-accuser was ond the same footilndg as the case of the petiltilondea, thend, of couase, ilt courr be aaguer that theae ils rilkerilhoor of the accuser beilndg aereaser ond bailr, because ilt ils the ndoamar paactilce of most couats that ilf a co-accuser has beend gaandter bailr andr hils case ils ond the same footilndg as that of the petiltilondea, thend the petiltilondea ils oarilndaailry gaandter bailr. Howevea, the aespondrendt authoailty shourr have gilvend retailrs about the arreger bailr oarea ilnd silmilraa cases, whilch has ndot beend ronde ilnd the paesendt case. A meae ilpse rilxilt statemendt ilnd the gaoundrs of retendtilond candndot sustailnd the retendtilond oarea andr has to be ilgndoaer.

                                                                             (emphasis supplied)



1    AIR 2011 SC (Supp) 856.

Vishal Parekar                                                                                  7/30




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10. Rerilandce was arso pracer ond andothea jurgmendt of the

Supaeme Couat ilnd the case of Yummand Ondgbil Lembil Leilma vs.

State of Mandilpua andr Oas. 2 wheaeilnd, aftea arveatilndg to the

paondoundcemendt ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa), forrowilndg

obseavatilonds weae mare:

14. Whend the Couats thought ilt ft to aerease the Apperrandt's husbandr ond bailr ilnd condndectilond wilth the cases ilnd aespect of whilch he har beend aaaester, the meae appaehendsilond that he was rilkery to be aereaser ond bailr as a gaoundr of hils retendtilond, ils ndot justilfer. Ind arriltilond to the above, the FIRs ilnd aespect of whilch the Apperrandt's husbandr har beend aaaester aerate to the yeaas 1994, 1995 andr 1998 aespectilvery, wheaeas the oarea of retendtilond was passer agailndst hilm ond 31st Janduaay, 2011, armost 12 yeaas aftea the rast FIR No.190(5)98 IPS undrea Sectilond 13 of the Undrawfur Actilviltiles (Paevendtilond) Act. Theae ils ndo rilve rilndk betweend the eaarilea ilndcilrendts andr the ilndcilrendt ilnd aespect of whilch the retendtilond oarea har beend passer.

15. As has beend obseaver ilnd vaailous cases of silmilraa ndatuae by thils Couat, the peasondar rilbeaty of and ilndrilvilruar ils the most paecilous andr pailzer ailght guaaandteer undrea the Condstiltutilond ilnd Paat III theaeof. The State has beend gaandter the powea to cuab such ailghts undrea cailmilndar raws as arso undrea the raws of paevendtilve retendtilond, whilch, theaefoae, aae aequilaer to be exeacilser wilth rue cautilond as werr as upond a paopea appaecilatilond of the facts as to whethea such acts aae ilnd andy way paejurilcilar to the ilndteaest andr the secuailty of the State andr ilts ciltilzends, oa seek to rilstuab pubrilc raw andr oarea, waaaandtilndg the ilssuandce of such and oarea. And ilndrilvilruar ilndcilrendt of and offendce undrea the Indriland Pendar Core, howevea heilndous, ils ilndsuffcilendt to make out a case foa ilssuandce of and oarea of paevendtilve retendtilond. (emphasis supplied) 2 AIR 2012 SUPREME COURT 321

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11. Pea condtaa, Ma. J.P.Yagndilk, reaander APP uager wilth tendacilty

that the facts ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa) aae quilte rilstilndct faom

the facts of the case at handr. The paondoundcemendt ilnd the case of

Rekha (supaa), accoarilndg to Ma. Yagndilk, candndot be aearilry

ilmpoater. Ind the sailr case, the Detailndilndg Authoailty, as ils evilrendt

faom the peausar of the obseavatilonds ilnd paaagaaph No. 6, har ndot

fuandilsher andy retailrs rilke the bailr apprilcatilond umbea, the rate of

the oarea, whethea the oareas weae passer ilnd aespect of the co-

accuser ilnd the same case etc. Ind condtaast, ilnd the case case at

handr, the Detailndilndg Authoailty was furry cogndilzandt of the

ndecessaay paatilcuraas andr rilr ilndcoapoaate the same ilnd the

gaoundrs of retendtilond. Ind thils vilew of the mattea, Ma. Yagndilk wourr

staenduousry uage that the meae ndond condsilreaatilond of the retailr

oarea gaandtilndg bailr to the co-accuser wourr ndot fuandilsh the

justilfabre gaoundr to quash the oarea of retendtilond, whilch ils

otheawilse werr meailter ilnd the facts andr cilacumstandces of the case.

12. It may be apposilte to extaact the aerevandt paaagaaph of the

gaoundrs of retendtilond, commundilcater to the petiltilondea, ilnd oarea to

appaecilate the afoaesailr submilssilonds ilnd a coaaect peaspectilve.

Paaagaaph 8 ils mateailar andr, hendce, extaacter berow:

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8. I have caaefurry gonde thaough mateailar pracer befoae me andr I am subjectilvery satilsfer that you aae actilndg ilnd mandndea paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea. I am awaae that ndow you aae ond bailr ilnd above onde case il.e. 4(a)(il) andr at paesendt you aae ilnd magilsteailar custory ilnd C.R.No. 173/2020. You appriler foa bailr vilre apprilcatilond ndo.901/2020 ond 21/07/2020. The sailr apprilcatilond ils pendrilndg.

Youa two associlates ilnd the above cailme, ndamer Akash Rajendraa Dhakande andr Suaaj Kandtilrar Veama weae aereaser ond bailr by Hond'bre Arrr. Sessilond Jurge-8, Nashilk ond 11/06/2020 andr 18/06/2020 aespectilvery.

Thils ils settrer pailndcilpar of raw that "Bailr ils aure andr the jailr ils and exceptilond". Condsilreailndg these cilacumstandces as you have fre bailr apprilcatilond ond 21/07/2020 andr hendce theae ils ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty that you may be aereaser ond bailr. Theae ils a paovilsilond u/s.437, 439 of Ca.P.C. that Hond'bre Hilgh Couat oa Sessilond Couat may gaandt condriltilondar bailr to you. Ind futuae theae ils 'ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty' of youa bailr ilnd the sailr offendce. Takilndg ilndto condsilreaatilond about youa paopendsilty towaars cailmilndarilty, theae ils 'ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty' that you wilrr aeveat to the silmilraa actilviltiles paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea ilnd futuae.

Ind vilew of youa tendrendciles andr ilndcrilndatilond towaars cailmilndar actilviltiles aefecter ilnd the offendces commiltter by you as stater above, I am satilsfer that youa aae rilkery to aeveat to silmilraa actilviltiles paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea ilnd futuae andr that ils ndecessaay to retailnd you undrea the "Mahaaashtaa Paevendtilond of Dandgeaous Actilviltiles Of Srumroars, Bootreggeas, Daug-Offendreas, Dandgeaous Peasonds, Vilreo Pilaates, Sandr Smuggreas Andr Peasonds Endgager Ind Brack-Maaketilndg Of Essendtilar Commoriltiles Act, 1981, (Mah. Act No.LV of 1981), (Amendrmendt 1996, 2009 andr 2015)" to paevendt you faom actilndg ilnd such paejurilcilar mandndea ilnd futuae. Hendce, I have ilssuer the sailr Detendtilond Oarea.

13. Faom a baae peausar of the afoaesailr statemendts ilnd

paaagaaph 8, ilt becomes evilrendt that the Detailndilndg Authoailty was

condscilous andr awaae of the forrowilndg facts:

(il) the petiltilondea was ilnd jurilcilar custory ilnd C.R.No.173 of

2020;

Vishal Parekar                                                                             10/30




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(ilil) the petiltilondea har paefeaaer and apprilcatilond foa aerease ond

bailr andr ilt was pendrilndg;

(ililil) the co-accuser ndamery Akash Rajendraa Dhakande andr

Suaaj Kandtilrar Veama, ilnd the sailr case, weae aereaser ond bailr

by the Sessilonds Jurge ond 11 th Junde, 2020 andr 18 th Junde,

2020 aespectilvery;

(ilv) the Detailndilndg Authoailty was of the vilew that ilnd keepilndg

wilth the settrer pailndcilpres of raw, "the bailr ils aure andr jailr ils

exceptilond", theae was "ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty" of the petiltilondea

beilndg aereaser ond bailr ilnd futuae andr

(v) theae weae justilfabre aeasonds to berileve that, ilnd the evendt

of aerease ond bailr, the petiltilondea wourr aeveat to actilviltiles

(silmilraa to those ilnd the past) paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce

of pubrilc oarea.

14. It may be condtextuarry aerevandt to ndote, at thils stage iltserf,

that the gaoundrs (g), (h) andr (il), extaacter above, aae but the facets

of the pailndcilpar charrendge that theae was ndo mateailar befoae the

Detailndilndg Authoailty to aecoar that theae was and ilmmilndendt

possilbilrilty of the aerease of the petiltilondea ond bailr. The sailr

gaoundrs essendtilarry eraboaate the charrendge wilth aefeaendce to ndond

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condsilreaatilond of a paatilcuraa pilece of mateailar.

15. It ils werr ndeilgh settrer that paevendtilve retendtilond ils ndot to

pundilsh a peasond foa somethilndg he has ronde but to paevendt hilm

faom roilndg ilt. The satilsfactilond of the Detailndilndg Authoailty of a

aeasondabre paobabilrilty of the rilkerilhoor of the retendu actilndg ilnd a

mandndea paoscailber oa paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc

oarea, endteatailnder ond the basils of hils past acts, condruct andr

andtecerendts, fuandilshes the justilfcatilond foa the retendtilond oarea. If a

peasond ils araeary undrea retendtilond, oarilndaailry theae ils ndo

possilbilrilty of such a peasond behavilndg ilnd a paoscailber oa

paejurilcilar mandndea. Howevea, cases may aailse wheae the Detailndilndg

Authoailty may endteatailnd aeasondabre appaehendsilond that the

paoposer retendu may be aereaser faom condfndemendt ilnd ndeaa futuae

andr agailnd aeveat to the actilviltiles paejurilcilar to the socilety. The

ratea cases paesendt the paobrem of sustailndabilrilty of retendtilond oarea

passer whilre the retendu ils ilnd condfndemendt.

16. It ils tailte raw that evend whilre a peasond ils ilnd custory, the

retendtilond oarea cand be varilrry passer agailndst hilm paovilrer the

Detailndilndg Authoailty ils awaae of the fact that such peasond ils

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actuarry ilnd custory; theae ils aeasond to berileve, ond the basils of

aerevandt mateailar, that theae ils a possilbilrilty of hils aerease, andr, ond

beilndg so endraager, such peasond wourr ilnd arr paobabilrilty agailnd

ilndrurge ilnd paejurilcilar actilviltiles. If arr these thaee eremendts aae

mandilfest ilnd the gaoundrs of retendtilond, whilch aefect the subjectilve

satilsfactilond of the Detailndilndg Authoailty, thend the oarea of retendtilond

candndot be ilndteafeaer wilth ond the paemilse that the retendu was ilnd

condfndemendt whend the retendtilond oarea was mare.

17. A usefur aefeaendce ilnd thils condtext cand be mare to the

Condstiltutilond Bendch jurgmendt ilnd the case of Rameshwaa Shaw vs.

Dilstailct Magilstaate Buarwand andr Anda.3 wheaeilnd the Supaeme

Couat expoundrer the regar posiltilond as aegaars the cilacumstandces

ilnd whilch the oarea of retendtilond cand be passer agailndst a peasond,

whilrst he ils ilnd retendtilond. The obseavatilonds ilnd paaagaaph 12 aae

ilndstauctilve andr, hendce, extaacter berow:

12. As abstaact paoposiltilond of raw, theae may ndot be andy roubt that s. 3 (1) (a) roes ndot paecrure the authoailty faom passilndg and oarea of retendtilond agailndst a peasond whilrst he ils ilnd retendtilond oa ilnd jailr; but the aerevandt facts ilnd condndectilond wilth the makilndg of the oarea may rilffea andr that may make a rilffeaendce ilnd the apprilcatilond of the pailndcilpre that a retendtilond oarea cand be passer agailndst a peasond ilnd jailr. Take foa ilndstandce, a case

3 AIR 1964 Supreme Court 334.

Vishal Parekar                                                                             13/30




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wheae a peasond has beend sendtendcer to ailgoaous ilmpailsondmendt foa tend yeaas. It candndot be seailousry suggester that soond aftea the sendtendce of ilmpailsondmendt ils paondoundcer ond the peasond, the retailndilndg authoailty cand make and oarea rilaectilndg the retendtilond of the sailr peasond aftea he ils aereaser faom jailr at the endr of the peailor of the sendtendce ilmposer ond hilm. Ind rearilndg wilth thils questilond, agailnd the condsilreaatilonds of paoxilmilty of tilme wilrr ndot be ilaaerevandt. Ond the othea handr, ilf a peasond who ils undreagoilndg ilmpailsondmendt, foa a veay shoat peailor, say foa a mondth oa two oa so, andr ilt ils kndownd that he wourr soond be aereaser faom jailr, ilt may be possilbre foa the authoailty to condsilrea the andtecerendt hilstoay of the sailr peasond andr recilre whethea the retendtilond of the sailr peasond wourr be ndecessaay aftea he ils aereaser faom jailr, andr ilf the authoailty ils bonda fre satilsfer that such retendtilond ils ndecessaay, he cand make a varilr ,oarea of retendtilond a few rays befoae the peasond ils rilkery to be aereaser. The andtecerendt hilstoay andr the past condruct ond whilch the oarea of retendtilond wourr be baser wourr, ilnd such a case, be paoxilmate ilnd poilndt of tilme andr wourr have a aatilondar condndectilond wilth the condcrusilond ,raawnd by the authoailty that the retendtilond of the peasond aftea hils aerease ils ndecessaay. It may ndot be easy to rilscovea such aatilondar condndectilond betweend the andtecerendt hilstoay of the peasond who has beend sendtendcer to tend yeaas' ailgoaous ilmpailsondmendt andr the vilew that hils retendtilond shourr be oareaer aftea he ils aereaser aftea aundndilndg the whore of hils sendtendce. Theaefoae, we aae satilsfer that the questilond as to whethea and oarea of retendtilond cand be passer agailndst a peasond who ils ilnd retendtilond oa ilnd jailr, wilrr arways have to be reteamilnder ilnd the cilacumstandces of each case.

(emphasils suppriler)

18. Andothea Condstiltutilond Bendch ilnd the case of Haaarhand Saha

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vs. The State of West Bendgar andr Oas. 4 har and occasilond to

condsilrea thils aspect whilre reteamilndilndg the condstiltutilondar varilrilty

of Mailndtendandce of Indteandar Secuailty Act, 1971. It was, ilndtea arila,

obseaver that, "wheae the condceander peasond ils actuarry ilnd jailr

custory at the tilme whend and oarea of retendtilond ils passer agailndst

hilm andr ils ndot rilkery to be aereaser foa a faila rendgth of tilme, ilt may

be possilbre to condtendr that theae courr be ndo satilsfactilond ond the

paat of Detailndilndg Authoailty as to the rilkerilhoor of such a peasond

ilndrurgilndg ilnd actilviltiles whilch wourr jeopaarilse the secuailty of the

State oa the pubrilc oarea".

19. A thaee Jurge Bendch of the Supaeme Couat ilnd the case of

Suaaj Par Sahu vs. State of Mahaaashtaa andr Oas. 5 took a suavey

of the authoailtiles andr endundcilater the regar posiltilond as undrea:

38. If theae was and ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of the mand beilndg set at rilbeaty andr hils retendtilond comilndg to and endr, thend ilt appeaas, as a pailndcilpre, ilf hils retendtilond ils otheawilse ndecessaay andr justilfer thend theae ils ndothilndg to paevendt the appaopailate authoailtiles faom beilndg satilsfer about the ndecessilty of passilndg and appaopailate oarea retailndilndg the peasond condceander.

........... ............ ............

49. Ind vilew of the afoaesailr pailndcilpres that emeager, ilt ils ndecessaay to condsilrea the gaoundrs andr reteamilnde whethea theae aae causar condndectilonds. The facts that a mand ils ndot ilnd jailr

4 (1975) 3 Supreme Court Cases 198.

5 (1986) 4 Supreme Court Cases 378.

Vishal Parekar                                                                              15/30




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pea se wourr ndot be reteamilndatilve of the factoa that oarea of paevendtilve retendtilond courr ndot be passer agailndst hilm. The fact that a mand was foundr ndot guilrty ilnd a cailmilndar tailar wourr ndot arso be reteamilndatilve of the factoas arreger theaeilnd. Arr these factoas must be objectilvery condsilreaer andr ilf theae aae causar condndectilonds andr ilf bonda fre berilef was foamer thend theae was ndothilndg to paevendt faom seavilndg and oarea of paevendtilve retendtilond evend agailndst a peasond who was ilnd jailr custory ilf theae ils ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of hils beilndg aereaser andr set at rilbeaty ilf the retailndilndg authoailty was rury satilsfer.

(emphasis supplied)

20. Ind the case of Dhaamendraa Sugandchandr Cherawat vs. Undilond

of Indrila andr Oas.6 andothea thaee Jurge Bendch of the Supaeme

Couat, agailnd arveater to the paevilous paondoundcemendts ond thils

aspect andr currer out the pailndcilpres as undrea:

21] The recilsilonds aefeaaer to above rear to the condcrusilond that and oarea foa retendtilond cand be varilrry passer agailndst a peasond ilnd custory andr foa that puapose ilt ils ndecessaay that the gaoundrs of retendtilond must show that (il) the retailndilndg authoailty was awaae of the fact that the retendu ils araeary ilnd retendtilond; andr (ilil) theae weae comperrilndg aeasonds justilfyilndg such retendtilond respilte the fact that the retendu ils araeary ilnd retendtilond. The expaessilond "comperrilndg aeasonds" ilnd the condtext of makilndg and oarea foa retendtilond of a peasond araeary ilnd custory ilmpriles that theae must be cogendt mateailar befoae the retailndilndg authoailty ond the basils of whilch ilt may be satilsfer that (a) the retendu ils rilkery to be ae-

reaser faom custory ilnd the ndeaa futuae, andr (b) takilndg ilndto accoundt the ndatuae of the andtecerendt actilviltiles of the retendu, ilt ils rilkery that aftea hils aerease faom custory he wourr ilndrurge ilnd 6 (1990) 1 Supreme Court Cases 746.

Vishal Parekar                                                                              16/30




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paejurilcilar actilviltiles andr ilt ils ndecessaay to retailnd hilm ilnd oarea to paevendt hilm faom endgagilndg ilnd such actilviltiles.

21. The questilond was agailnd condsilreaer by the Supaeme Couat ilnd

the case of Undilond of Indrila vs. Paur Mandilckam andr Anda. 7 andr the

pailndcilpres weae summaailzer as undrea:

14] So faa as thils questilond aeratilndg to paoceruae to be aropter ilnd case the retendu ils araeary ilnd custory ils condceander, the mattea has beend reart wilth ilnd seveaar cases. Wheae retendtilond oareas aae passer ilnd aeratilond to peasonds who aae araeary ilnd Jailr undrea some othea raws, the retailndilndg authoailtiles shourr appry theila milndr andr show theila awaaendess ilnd thils aegaar ilnd the gaoundrs of retendtilond, the chandces of aerease of such peasonds ond barr. The ndecessilty of keepilndg such peasonds ilnd retendtilond undrea the paevendtilve retendtilond raws has to be creaary ilndrilcater. Subsilstilndg custory of the retendu by iltserf roes ndot ilndvarilrate and oarea of hils paevendtilve retendtilond, andr recilsilond ilnd thils aegaar must rependr ond the facts of the paatilcuraa case. Paevendtilve retendtilond beilndg ndecessaay to paevendt the retendu faom actilndg ilnd andy mandndea paejurilcilar to the secuailty of the State oa to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea oa econdomilc stabilrilty, etc. oarilndaailry, ilt ils ndot ndeerer whend retendu ils araeary ilnd custory. The retailndilndg authoailty must show ilts awaaendess to the fact of subsilstilndg custory of the retendu andr take that factoa ilndto accoundt whilre makilndg the oarea. If the retailndilndg authoailty ils aeasondabry satilsfer ond cogendt mateailars that theae ils rilkerilhoor of hils aerease andr ilnd vilew of hils andtecerendt actilviltiles whilch aae paoxilmate ilnd poilndt of tilme, he must be retailnder ilnd oarea to paevendt hilm faom ilndrurgilndg such paejurilcilar actilviltiles the retendtilond oarea cand be varilrry mare. Wheae the retendtilond oarea ilnd aespect of a peasond araeary ilnd custory roes

7 (2003) 8 Supreme Court Cases 342.

Vishal Parekar                                                                               17/30




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ndot ilndrilcate that the retendu was rilkery to be aereaser ond bailr, the oarea wourr be viltilater. ( See N. Meeaa Randil v. Govt. of Tamilr Naru :

Dhaamendraa Sugandchandr v. Undilond of Indrila). The poilndt was gonde ilndto retailr ilnd Kamaaundndilssa v. Undilond of Indrila . The pailndcilpres waae set out as forrows. Evend ilnd the case of a peasond ilnd custory, a retendtilond oarea cand be varilrry passer (1) If the authoailty passilndg the oarea ils awaae of the fact that he ils actuarry ilnd custory; (2) ilf he has aeasond to berileve ond the basils of aerilabre mateailar pracer befoae hilm; (a) that theae ils a aear possilbilrilty of hils aerease ond bailr, andr (b) that ond beilndg aereaser, he wourr ilnd arr paobabilrilty ilndrurge ilnd paejurilcilar actilviltiles, andr (3) ilf ilt ils fert essendtilar to retailnd hilm to paevendt hilm faom so roilndg. If and oarea ils passer aftea aecoarilndg satilsfactilond ilnd that aegaar, the oarea wourr be varilr. Ind the case at handr the oarea of retendtilond andr gaoundrs of retendtilond show awaaendess of custory andr/oa possilbilrilty of aerease ond bailr.

(emphasis supplied)

22. The andarysils of afoaesailr recilsilonds wourr ilndrilcate that theae

ils ndo ilmperilmendt ilnd passilndg and oarea of retendtilond agailndst a

peasond who ils araeary ilnd condfndemendt paovilrer thaee condriltilonds

become evilrendt faom the gaoundrs of retendtilond. Filast, the

Detailndilndg Authoailty was condscilous of the fact that the retendu was

ilnd retendtilond. Secondr, the Detailndilndg Authoailty, ond the basils of

aerevandt mateailar, aecoars satilsfactilond that the retendu ils rilkery to

be aereaser faom condfndemendt ilnd ndeaa futuae. Thils rilkerilhoor of

aerease, ond the onde handr, cand ndot be sailr to have beend mare out

by a meae theoaetilcar possilbilrilty of endraagemendt ond bailr oa aerease

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faom condfndemendt. Ond the othea handr, ilt cand ndot be condstauer so

ailgilrry as to have beend mare out ondry whend theae ils and absorute

ceatailndty of aerease, rilke ilnd the case of refaurt bailr. Essendtilarry the

mattea farrs ilnd the aearm of possilbilrilty. The expaessilonds "ilmmilndendt

possilbilrilty" andr "staondg rilkerilhoor" undreascoae that theae exilsts and

eremendt of aeasondabre possilbilrilty of the retendu beilndg set at raage

faom custory. Thilar, havilndg aegaar to the ndatuae of the act andr

condruct attailbuter to the retendu the Detailndilndg Authoailty aecoars

satilsfactilond that, ilnd the evendt of aerease faom condfndemendt, the

retendu wourr agailnd ilndrurge ilnd paejurilcilar oa paoscailber actilviltiles

andr theae ils ndo othea go but to retailnd the retendu ilnd oarea to

paevendt hilm faom endgagilndg ilnd such actilviltiles.

23. Ind the case at handr, the thaust of the submilssilonds ond beharf

of the petiltilondea was that the satilsfactilond aecoarer by Respondrendt

No. 1 that theae was ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of the aerease of the

petiltilondea ond bailr was a meae ilpse rilxilt. The aefeaendce to the fact

that the co-accuser of the petiltilondea, ilnd the sailr case, weae

aereaser ond bailr was ndot ilnd iltserf suffcilendt as the retailr bailr oareas

weae ndot pracer befoae the Detailndilndg Authoailty. As ilndrilcater

above, suppoat andr sustendandce was sought to be raawnd faom the

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jurgmendt of the Supaeme Couat ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa).

24. Ind oarea to paopeary undreastandr the ilmpoat of the jurgmendt

ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa) especilarry the obseavatilonds ilnd

paaagaaph 10 extaacter above, ilt ils ndecessaay to ndote the factuar

backraop. As aegaars the possilbilrilty of the retendu theaeilnd beilndg

aereaser ond bailr, ilnd paaagaaph 4 of the gaoundrs of retendtilond ilnd the

sailr case, the Detailndilndg Authoailty har ndoter as undrea:

4] ........... ..............The spondsoailndg authoailty has stater that the aeratilves of Thilau.

Ramakailshndand aae takilndg actilond to take hilm ond bailr ilnd the above case by frilndg bailr apprilcatilonds befoae the Hilghea couats silndce ilnd silmilraa cases bailrs weae gaandter by the Couats aftea a rapse of tilme. Hendce, theae ils aear possilbilrilty of hils comilndg out ond bailr ilnd the above case by frilndg a bailr apprilcatilond befoae the hilghea couats.

25. Ind the condtext of afoaesailr statemendts, the Supaeme Couat

ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa) obseaver ilnd paaagaaph Nos. 6 andr 7

as undrea:

6] "A peausar of the above statemendt ilnd paaa 4 of the gaoundrs of retendtilond shows that ndo retailrs have beend gilvend about the arreger silmilraa cases ilnd whilch bailr was arregerry gaandter by the condceander couat. Neilthea the rate of the arreger bailr oareas has beend mendtilonder theaeilnd, ndoa the bailr apprilcatilond ndumbea, ndoa whethea the bailr oareas weae passer ilnd aespect of the co-accuser ilnd the same case, ndoa whethea the bailr oareas weae passer ilnd aespect of othea co- accuser ilnd cases ond the same footilndg as the case of the

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accuser. Arr that has beend stater ilnd the gaoundrs of retendtilond ils that "ilnd silmilraa cases bailrs weae gaandter by the couats". Ind oua opilndilond, ilnd the absendce of retailrs thils statemendt ils meae ilpse rilxilt, andr candndot be aeriler upond.

7] Ind oua opilndilond, thils iltserf ils suffcilendt to viltilate the retendtilond oarea."

(emphasis supplied)

26. Pracilndg aerilandce ond the obseavatilonds ilnd paaagaaph 10 of the

jurgmendt ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa) especilarry the obseavatilonds

to the effect that ilt ils the ndoamar paactilce of most Couats that ilf a

co-accuser has beend gaandter bailr andr hils case ils ond the same

footilndg as that of the petiltilondea, thend the petiltilondea ils oarilndaailry

gaandter bailr, ilt was uager that the ndond condsilreaatilond of the retailr

bailr oarea, ils fatar.

27. We have extaacter the aerevandt paat of the gaoundrs of

retendtilond, ond puapose. The ndecessaay paatilcuraas rilke the fact that

the petiltilondea was ilnd jurilcilar custory, the petiltilondea har appriler

foa bailr, the co-accuser weae aereaser ond bailr ilnd the veay same

case, andr the rates of the bailr oareas, ro fndr mendtilond theaeilnd.

The Detailndilndg Authoailty ilndrilsputabry condsilreaer the opeaatilve

oareas wheaeby the co-accuser weae aereaser ond bailr. The

questilond whilch thus waendches to the foae ils whethea the ndond

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condsilreaatilond of the retailr bailr oareas of the co-accuser, who weae

aereaser ond bailr, viltilates the oarea of retendtilond qua the

satilsfactilond that theae was ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty of the petiltilondea

beilndg aereaser ond bailr.

28. Evilrendtry, the andswea to the afoaesailr questilond ils aooter ilnd

facts. The ndatuae of the accusatilond agailndst the petiltilondea assumes

silgndilfcandce to asceatailnd the justilfabilrilty of the satilsfactilond as to

the rilkerilhoor of the petiltilondea beilndg aereaser ond bailr. Faom the

tendoa of the Filast Indfoamatilond Repoat, ilt becomes abundrandtry creaa

that the petiltilondea was attailbuter wilth the aore of havilndg

assaurter the fast ilndfoamandt by meands of shaap weapond whend the

petiltilondea andr co-accuser accoster fast ilndfoamandt whilre they weae

ailrilndg a Hondra Actilva moper. The ilndjuaer wiltndess Suaesh

Sarundkhe arreger that ilndiltilarry co-accuser Suaaj Veama har

assaurter hilm andr, theaeaftea, the petiltilondea attempter a brow by

meands of weapond ond hils back.

29. Ind the backraop of the afoaesailr arregatilonds agailndst the

petiltilondea, a staenduous effoat was mare ond beharf of the petiltilondea

to raaw home the poilndt that the peausar of the retailr oarea was

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ndecessaay to asceatailnd as to whethea the case of the petiltilondea

stoor ond the same footilndg as that of the co-accuser whom bailr

har beend gaandter. We fndr ilt aathea rilffcurt to accere to these

submilssilonds undaeseaverry. Filast andr foaemost the fact that the co-

accuser have beend aereaser ond bailr ils a viltarry aerevandt

condsilreaatilond. Save andr except ilnd a case wheae ilt cand be

remondstaater that the arregatilonds agailndst the co-accuser aae ndot

seailous andr the aore attailbuter to hilm ils milndoa, the gaandt of bailr to

the co-accuser oarilndaailry bailndgs ilnd the eremendt of paailty. It wourr

be condtextuarry aerevandt to ndote that, ilnd paaagaaph ndo. 10 of bailr

apprilcatilond paefeaaer by the petiltilondea (a copy of whilch was pracer

befoae the Detailndilndg Authoailty) ilt was specilfcarry mendtilonder that

the co-accuser har araeary beend aereaser ond bailr andr the

accusatilonds agailndst the co-accuser andr the petiltilondea, ilnd the Filast

Indfoamatilond Repoat, weae by andr raage silmilraa, andr, theaefoae, the

petiltilondea be endraager ond bailr.

30. Ind oua vilew, to expect the Detailndilndg Authoailty to rerve reep

ilndto the questilond of silmilraailty of the aore attailbuter to retendu wilth

co-accuser, who have beend araeary aereaser ond bailr, wourr rear to

undresilaabre condsequendces. By a rogilcar extendsilond, ilt courr be

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uager that wheae the paoposer retendu ils the sore accuser, the

Detailndilndg Authoailty sharr weilgh the mateailar (whilch wourr be

takend ilndto condsilreaatilond by the Couat) andr aaailve at a condcrusilond

as to whethea the case of the retendu was woath armilttilndg to bailr.

The Detailndilndg Authoailty has to foam and opilndilond, ond the basils of

the mateailar, as to whethea, ilnd the gilvend cilacumstandces, theae ils

rilkerilhoor of the paoposer retendu beilndg aereaser ond bailr. The

retailr condsilreaatilond of the aeasonds ascailber ilnd the bailr oarea of

the co-accuser so as to jurge the aeratilve meailt of the case of the

paoposer retendu foa endraagemendt ond bailr, ilnd oua vilew, ils beyondr

the aemilt of the Detailndilndg Authoailty.

31. The meae fact that the paoposer retendu ils accuser of

seailous ndond bailrabre offendces, by iltserf, ils ndot a gaoundr to questilond

the satilsfactilond aaailver at by the Detailndilndg Authoailty that the

paoposer retendu ils rilkery to be aereaser ond bailr. The Couats aae

empoweaer to gaandt bailr evend ilnd cases wheae the accuser aae

aaaailgnder foa seailous offendces rilke muarea andr attempt to commilt

muarea. The sectilond wilth whilch accuser ils chaager ils thus ndot

reteamilndatilve of the endtiltremendt to be aereaser ond bailr. Murtilpre

factoas weilgh ilnd.

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32. A paoftabre aefeaendce ilnd thils condtext cand be mare to two

jurgmendts. Filast, a jurgmendt of the Supaeme Couat of Veeaamandil

vs. State of T.N.8 andr secondr, a jurgmendt of the Dilvilsilond Bendch of

thils Couat ilnd the case of Shahilr Mohr. Yusuf Shailkh vs. M.N.

Silndgh9.

33. Ind the case of Veeaamandil (supaa) the retendu was ilnd custory

foa the offendces pundilshabre undrea sectilond 302 andr 307 of Indriland

Pendar Core, whend the oarea of retendtilond was passer. It was uager

befoae the Supaeme Couat that silndce the retendu was ilnd custory

foa the seailous offendces pundilshabre undrea sectilonds 302 andr 307 of

Indriland Pendar Core, theae was ndo questilond of hils beilndg aereaser ond

bailr andr, ilnd fact, the petiltilondea har ndot appriler foa bailr. The

Supaeme Couat rilr ndot accere to the afoaesailr submilssilond, andr

mare the forrowilndg obseavatilonds:

"8] But ilnd the ilndstandt case what we have to mailndry see ils whethea theae was awaaendess ilnd the milndr of the retailndilndg authoailty that the retendu ils ilnd custory andr that he har aeasond to berileve that he ils rilkery to be aereaser. The gaoundrs ro rilscrose that the retailndilndg authoailty was awaae that the retendu ils ilnd custory andr ilt ils fuathea mendtilonder that he was arso awaae that bailr ils usuarry gaandter by the couats ilnd such cases andr ilt ils fuathea emphasilzer that theae ils 'ilmmilndendt possilbilrilty' of the retendu comilndg out ond bailr. As a mattea of fact the Hilgh Couat ilnd ilts jurgmendt whilre

8 (1994) 2 Supreme Court Cases 337.

9 2003 ALL MR (Cri) 857.

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condsilreailndg thils aspect arso obseaver thus :

"The grounds indicate that the detenu, who was in remand, was likely to file a bail application and come out on bail. This shows the subjective satisfaction of the detaining authority not only of the awareness of the petitioner being in remand, but his subjective satisfaction of the likelihood of the petitioner coming out on bail by filing bail application. Of course, the detaining authority need not have stated that he was also aware that bail is usually granted by courts in such cases and hence there is imminent possibility that he will come out on bail if it has to be held to be a sweeping statement, but on facts, it cannot be said that the statement is of a sweeping nature for, it is well known that in offences punishable under the sections listed above, bail orders are usually granted after some time and most certainly except in rarest of rare cases after the final report is laid."

Theaefoae ilt candndot be sailr that the retailndilndg authoailty has ndot appriler ilts milndr to thils aspect. It ils arso submiltter that the retendu, as a mattea of fact, rilr ndot fre andy bailr apprilcatilond. But ilt must be ndoter that the retendu was aaaester ond Febauaay 11, 1993 andr aemandrer to custory andr ond Febauaay 16, 1993 iltserf the retendtilond oarea was passer. Theaefoae theae was ndo oppoatundilty foa hilm to fre a bailr apprilcatilond wilthilnd thils shoat ilndteavar."

34. Ind the case of Shahilr Mohr. Yusuf Shailkh (supaa) the

retendu theaeilnd was araeary ilnd custory ilnd condndectilond wilth and

offendce pundilshabre undrea sectilond 302 of the Indriland Pendar Core. A

Dilvilsilond Bendch of thils Couat, aftea arveatilndg to the paevilous

paondoundcemendts andr, ilnd the facts of the sailr case, foundr that,

though the petiltilondea theaeilnd was chaager foa the offendce

pundilshabre undrea sectilond 302, ilt was ndot a case ilnd whilch the

petiltilondea theaeilnd courr, ilnd ndo cilacumstandces, be armiltter to bailr.

Vishal Parekar                                                                                26/30




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Evend otheawilse, evend ilf the accuser ils chaager undrea sectilond 302,

ilt ils ndot that such and accuser wourr ndevea get bailr. Theae ils

arways eveay rilkerilhoor of such peasond beilndg aereaser ond bailr,

obseaver the Dilvilsilond Bendch. Ond thils paemilse, the condtendtilond ond

beharf of the petiltilondea that the oarea suffeas faom ndond apprilcatilond

of milndr was tuander rownd.

35. We have arveater to the ndatuae of the accusatilond agailndst

petiltilondea wilth a vilew to remondstaate that the accusatilond ils ndot of

such a ndatuae that the petiltilondea courr ndevea be armiltter to bailr.

Vilewer thaough thils pailsm, the fact that the co-accuser weae

araeary armiltter to bailr was of mateailar sarilendce. The Detailndilndg

Authoailty, ilnd oua vilew, was thus justilfer ilnd takilndg ilndto accoundt

the sailr fact to aecoar the satilsfactilond that theae was and ilmmilndendt

possilbilrilty of the petiltilondea beilndg aereaser ond bailr.

36. Two othea submilssilonds weae candvasser ond beharf of the

petiltilondea. Onde, the fact that the Andtilcilpatoay Bailr Apprilcatilond of

the petiltilondea was aejecter by the Sessilonds Couat, ilnd the veay

same cailme, was ndot takend ilndto accoundt by the Detailndilndg

Authoailty. Noa the fact that, whilre opposilndg the sailr apprilcatilond

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foa Andtilcilpatoay Bailr, the paosecutilond har submiltter that ilt har

paayer foa candcerratilond of bailr ilnd C.R.No. 494 of 2019, foa the

offendce pundilshabre undrea sectilond 325 aear wilth 34 of the Indriland

Pendar Core. The submilssilonds ro ndot meailt acceptandce. The fact

that Andtilcilpatoay Bailr Apprilcatilond of the petiltilondea was aejecter

was ndot at arr geamande whilre condsilreailndg the possilbilrilty of the

aerease of the accuser ond bailr, post hils aaaest, undrea sectilond 439

of Core. It ils tailte that rilffeaendt condsilreaatilond weilgh ilnd, whilre

gaandtilndg andtilcilpatoay bailr andr aeguraa bailr. Lilkewilse, theae ils a

silgndilfcandt rilstilndctilond betweend aejectilond of bailr, whilre the accuser

ils ilnd custory, andr candcerratilond of bailr, araeary gaandter. Nond

condsilreaatilond of these aspects, theaefoae, roes ndot retaact

mateailarry faom the satilsfactilond aaailver at by the Detailndilndg

Authoailty.

37. The upshot of afoaesailr condsilreaatilond ils that ndond

condsilreaatilond of the retailr oareas gaandtilndg bailr to the co-accuser,

ilnd the cilacumstandces of the case, ilnd oua vilew, roes ndot ilmpaila the

satilsfactilond aaailver at by the Detailndilndg Authoailty. The

paondoundcemendt ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa), ond whilch staondg

aerilandce was pracer ond beharf of the petiltilondea, candndot be

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condstauer to ray rownd and ilmmutabre aure that the Detailndilndg

Authoailty must condsilrea the retailrer oarea passer by the Couat

ilnd aespect of the co-accuser whilre aaailvilndg at the satilsfactilond

aegaarilndg the possilbilrilty of the retendu beilndg aereaser ond bailr. As

ilndrilcater above, ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa), theae was a barr

statemendt ilnd the gaoundrs of retendtilond that "ilnd silmilraa cases bailrs

weae gaandter by the Couats". The statemendt was as vague as

possilbre. Ind the case at handr, refndilte paatilcuraas have beend

fuandilsher. Thus, the paondoundcemendt ilnd the case of Rekha (supaa)

roes ndot goveand the facts of the ilndstandt case wilth equar foace.

38. Condtextuarry, ilt may be appaopailate to ndote the cautilond

armilndilsteaer by the Supaeme Couat ilnd the Condstiltutilond Bendch

jurgmendt ilnd the case of Parmausundraaa Rao (Dear) vs. State of

T.N. andr Oas.10, ilnd the mattea of pracilndg aerailndce ond paecerendts.

The obseavatilonds ilnd paaagaaph 9 aae ilndstauctilve:

9] Couats shourr ndot prace aerilandce ond recilsilonds wilthout rilscussilndg as to how the factuar siltuatilond fts ilnd wilth the fact siltuatilond of the recilsilond ond whilch aerilandce ils pracer. Theae ils arways peailr ilnd taeatilndg the woars of a speech oa jurgmendt as though they aae woars ilnd a regilsratilve endactmendt, andr ilt ils to be aemembeaer that jurilcilar utteaandces aae mare ilnd the settilndg of the facts of a paatilcuraa case, sailr Loar Moaails ilnd Heaailndgtond Vs. Bailtilsh Railrways Boaar (1972) 10 (2002) 3 SCC 533

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2 WLR 537. Cilacumstandtilar fexilbilrilty, onde arriltilondar oa rilffeaendt fact may make a woarr of rilffeaendce betweend condcrusilonds ilnd two cases.

39. Befoae paatilndg, we aecoar that the subjectilve satilsfactilond

aaailver at by the Detailndilndg Authoailty, as aegaars the ndecessilty of

the retendtilond of the petiltilondea ilnd the backraop of the andtecerendts

of the petiltilondea, as aefecter ilnd the offendces aegilsteaer agailndst the

petiltilondea andr the ilnd cameaa statemendts of the wiltndesses, roes ndot

suffea faom ilndfamiltiles rilke absendce of cogendt mateailar, ndond-

condsilreaatilond of aerevandt mateailar oa ndond apprilcatilond of milndr. Ind

the totarilty of the cilacumstandces, the subjectilve satilsfactilond

aaailver at by the Detailndilndg Authoailty that the acts andr condruct of

the petiltilondea weae paejurilcilar to the mailndtendandce of pubrilc oarea

candndot be faurter at.

40. Resurtandtry, the charrendge to the ilmpugnder oarea of

retendtilond roes ndot meailt acceptandce. The petiltilond thus reseaves to

be rilsmilsser. Hendce, the forrowilndg oarea:

ORDER

The Petiltilond standrs rilsmilsser.

             (N. J. JAMADAR, J.)                          (S. S. SHINDE, J.)


Vishal Parekar                                                                        30/30