Sube Singh & Ors Vs. State of Haryana & Ors [1988] INSC 293 (21 September 1988)
Misra Rangnath Misra Rangnath Venkatachalliah, M.N. (J)
CITATION: 1988 AIR 2235 1988 SCR Supl. (3) 141 1989 SCC (1) 235 JT 1988 (3) 729 1988 SCALE (2)797
ACT:
Punjab Borstal Act, 1926: Ss. 5 and 2(4)--Adolescents convicted for offence of murder and sentenced to imprisonment for life under s. 302 IPC --Whether entitled to benefit of s. 5 of the Act.
% Section S of the Punjab Borstal Act, 1926 empowers courts to pass a sentence of detention in a Borstal institution In the case of male persons less than twenty one years of age convicted of an offence punishable under the Indian Penal Code, In lieu of passing a sentence of transportation or rigorous imprisonment. Section 2(4) of the Act which defines 'offence' takes in offences other than an offence punishable wlth death.
HEAD NOTE:
The petitioners who have been convicted for the offence punishable under s. 302 of the Indian Penal Code and have been sentenced to life imprisonment, claim entitlement to the benefit of s. 5 of the Act.
Dismissing the writ petitions,
HELD: The Punjab Borstal Act, 1926 does not have application to an offence punishable under s. 302 of the Indian Penal Code . [143G] The offence of murder is punishable with death even though the punishment awarded is not death but imprisonment for life. [144H] 'Punishable' in s. 2(4) of the Act carries a meaning 'liable to be punished'. Since the offence under s. 302 is punishable with death, the provisions of the Punjab Borstal Act would not cover an offence under s. 302 of I.P.C. and the benefit would not, therefore, be available to an accused convicted for the offence under s. 302 I.P.C. [145E] Subhash Chand v. State of Haryana & Ors., [1988I SCC 717 applied; Hava Singh v. State of Haryana & Anr., [1987] 4 SCC 207; State of Andhra Pradesh v. Vallabhapuram Ravi, [1984] 4 SCC 410 and Kunwar Bahadur & Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, [1980] (Supp.) SCC 339, distinguished.
PG NO 141 PG NO 142
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 648 of 1987 etc. etc.
(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India) D.S. Tewatia, Mukul Mudgal, Rakesh Khanna, P.K. Jain, R.P. Singh, C.V.S. Rao, Prem Malhotra, S.K. Sabharwal, Mahabir Singh, Mrs. Urmila Kapoor and N. Sudhakaran for the appearing parties.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by RANGANATH MISRA, J. These are a batch of writ petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution raising the common claim of entitlement to the benefit of Section 5 of the Punjab Borstal Act, 1926.
In each of these writ petitions, the petitioner has been convicted for the offence punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and has been sentenced to life imprisonment. The State of Haryana has challenged the claim of the petitioner in each of these writ petitions.
Learned counsel for the petitioners has relied upon the decision of this Court in Hava Singh v. State of Haryana & Anr., [1987] 4 SCC 207 in support of the claim advanced in the writ petitions. A two Judge Bench of this Court in that case referred to Section 5 of the Act and E held:
"On a conspectus of the aforesaid decision as well as on a consideration of the facts and circumstances the only conclusion follows that the petitioner who has already undergone actual imprisonment for seven years is entitled to be released from detention and from imprisonment. Paragraph 516-B of the Punjab Jail Manual is not applicable in this case as the petitioner who was an adolescent convict below twenty-one years of age was sent to the Borstal Institute at Hissar for detention in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 of the Punjab Borstal Act, 1926. He being convicted by the Sessions Judge the maximum period of detention as prescribed by the Act is seven years. We have already said hereinbefore that such an inmate of the Borstal Institute cannot be transferred to jail on the ground that he has attained the age of twenty-one years as the said Act does not provide for the same. The only provision for transfer to jail is in the case of incorrigible inmate or inmates convicted of major Borstal Institution offence." PG NO 143 Reliance was also placed by learned counsel for the petitioners on another two-Judge Bench decision of this Court in the case of State of Andhra Pradesh v. Vallabhapuram Ravi, [1984] 4 SCC 410. That was a case under the Andhra Pradesh Borstal Schools Act, 1925 (5 of 1926) and the question for consideration was the same as here with reference to the provision of Section 8 of that Act. The two-Judge Bench held that the provisions of the Borstal Schools Act applied to the offence punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code .
Both these cases were referred to in Subhash Chand v. State of Haryana & Ors., [1988] 1 SCC 717 by a three-Judge Bench. It referred to Hava Singh's case (supra) at length.
The three-Judge Bench in its judgment referred to the definition of 'offence' under Section 2(4) of the Punjab Borstal Act which defined 'offence' to mean-- "an offence punishable with transportation or rigorous imprisonment under the Indian Penal Code other than (a) an offence punishable with death;" The Court found that Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code provides:
"whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine" and proceeded to say again "one of the punishments for the offence of murder to death and, therefore, the offence of murder would be covered within Section 2(4)(i)(a) of the Punjab Act and to such a conviction the Punjab Borstal Act would have no application. Support for such a view is available from several decisions of different High Courts".
The Court ultimately held:
"In Hava Singh's case the definition was not placed for consideration before the Court and, therefore, the conclusion which has been reached is not correct. The Punjab Borstal Act does not have application to an offence punishable under Section 302 of IPC ".
This being a decision of a larger Bench we are bound by it.
PG NO 144 In the Webster'6 Third New International Dictionary the follow-ing meaning has been given to the word 'punishable'-- "Deserving of, or liable to, punishment: capable of being punished by law or right".
Aiyar's the Law Lexicon (Reprint Edition 1987) gives the meaning of 'punishable' thus:
"The word 'punishable' as used in statutes which declare that certain offences are punishable in a certain way, means liable to be punished in the way designated." In Bouvier's Law Dictionary, the meaning of the word 'punishable' has been given as 'liable to punishment'. In 'Words and Phrases--Permanent Edition', the following meaning has been given:
"The word 'punishable' in a statute stating that a crime is punishable by a designated penalty or term of years in the state prison limits the penalty or term of years to the amount or term of years stated in the statute." The word 'punishable' is ordinarily defined as deserving of or capable or liable to Punishment, punishable within statute providing that defendant may have ten peremptory challenges if offence charged is 'punishable' with death or by life imprisonment; means deserving of or liable to punishment; capable of being punished by law or right, may be punished, or liable to be punished, and not must be punished.
'Corpus Juris Secundum gives the meaning as:
'Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; said of persons of offences.
The meaning of the term is not 'must be punished', but 'may be punished', or 'liable to be punished'.
In the absence of a definition of 'punishable' we have referred to these for gathering the exact meaning of the word. In the sense given to the word, as above, there can be no doubt that the offence of murder is punishable with death even though the punishment awarded is not death but imprisonment for life.
PG NO 145 An earlier decision of this Court in Kunwar Bahadur & Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, [1980] Supp. SCC 339, where a two-Judge Bench dealt with the provisions of the United Provinces Borstal Act 7 of 1938 was also relied upon. The judgment is a short one. Detailed reference to the provisions of the United Provinces Act has not been made but Section 7 of the Act was referred to and it was observed:
"Under this Section where a prisoner is sentenced for transportation i.e. life imprisonment and is below the age of 21 years he should be sent to Borstal School where he cannot be detained for more than five years, The law thus contemplates that for such an offender the sentence of five years will be equivalent even to a higher sentence of life prisonment".
Obviously in the United Provinces Act, there is no definition of 'offence' as available in the Punjab Act.
Therefore, the decision in Kunwar Bahadur's case (supra) is not really material for our purpose.
'Punishable' carries a meaning 'liable to be punished' as indicated by the three-Judge Bench. Since the offence under Section 302 is punishable with death, the provisions of the Punjab Borstal Act would not cover an offence under Section 302 of IPC and the benefit would not therefore, be available to an accused convicted for the offence under Section 302 IPC .
During the hearing of the matters learned counsel for the petitioners had maintained that the provisions of the Punjab Act should be suitably amended to bring about uniformity in the law on the subject. This is a matter for the State and the Legislature and it is for them to consider whether the provision should be suitably amended keeping the modern concept of punishment and treatment of adolescents in view.
Each of the writ petitions is dismissed. There would be no order for costs P.S.S. Petitions dismissed .
