Madras High Court
P. Vijayan vs The State Of Tamil Nadu on 4 June, 2024
Bench: R. Mahadevan, Mohammed Shaffiq
W.A.No.3463 of 2023
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
DATED : 04.06.2024
CORAM :
THE HONOURABLE MR. R. MAHADEVAN, ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE
AND
THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MOHAMMED SHAFFIQ
W.A.No.3463 of 2023
and
CMP Nos.28308 and 28309 of 2023
P. Vijayan .. Appellant
Versus
1. The State of Tamil Nadu
rep. by its Principal Secretary to Government
School Education Department
Fort St. George, Chennai - 600 009.
2.The Director of School Education,
DPI Campus, College Road
Chennai - 600 006.
3. Teachers Recruitment Board
4th Floor, DPI Campus
College Road, Chennai - 600 006. .. Respondents
Writ appeal filed under Clause 15 of the Letters Patent against the order
dated 17.11.2023 passed in WP No. 32453 of 2023 on the file of this Court.
Page 1/18
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
W.A.No.3463 of 2023
For Appellant : Ms. Kavitha Nithyanandam
For Respondents : Mrs.S.Anitha,
Special Government Pleader for RR1 and 2
Mr. R. Neelakandan
Additional Advocate General
assisted by Mr. R. Siddharth
Government Advocate for R3
JUDGMENT
[Judgment of the Court was delivered by the Hon'ble Acting Chief Justice)
The appellant has come forward with this intra-court appeal aggrieved by
the order dated 17.11.2023 of the learned Judge, dismissing the Writ Petition No.
32453 0f 2023 filed by him.
2. The appellant has filed the aforesaid writ petition praying to issue a
Writ of Mandamus directing the third respondent to award five marks to him for
Question Nos. 3, 8, 10, 26 and 31 of Master Question paper for the Teacher
Eligibility Test (TET) examination held on 12.02.2023, declare him as having
passed in the TET 2023, and award pass certificate to him.
3. According to the appellant, he is a holder of B.Sc. degree with B.Ed.
In response to the notification issued by the respondents for conducting TET
examination, he applied for the same in the year 2022 and participated in the
written examination conducted on 12.02.2023 - TET Paper-II, Tamil, Mathematics
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and Science. Subsequently, the third respondent published the results during
March 2023, declaring that the appellant had secured 80 marks, as against the
minimum required pass mark of 82. After publication of results, some of the
candidates have approached the respondents for revision of the marks on the
ground that certain questions and key answers set by them are incorrect.
Accordingly, revised marks were awarded by the respondents to some persons.
But, as far as the appellant is concerned, his marks were not revised and
remained at 80, meaning thereby that he needs two marks for a pass in TET, 82
being the minimum pass in TET.
4. The appellant further stated that while publishing the revised mark,
the respondents did not award five more marks to him i.e, one mark each for
question Nos.3, 8, 10, 26 and 31. According to the appellant, for Question Nos.
3, 8, 10, 26 and 31, he had rightly marked the correct answers, however, the
respondents, based on the expert opinion, have refused to award marks for him.
5. The grievance of the appellant before the learned Judge was
two-fold. Firstly, as per the Government approved text book, he had marked the
correct answers and therefore, the third respondent has to award him more
marks so as to enable him to get a pass certificate of TET examination. Secondly,
in spite of the fact that the appellant had established that the answers given by
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him to the disputed questions are correct, mark has not been awarded, with the
result, he is unable to apply for the post of B.T. Assistant notified by the
respondents. Without properly appreciating the same, the learned Judge
dismissed the writ petition filed by the appellant, by the order impugned in this
appeal.
6. When the appeal filed by the appellant along with other similarly
placed person viz., appellant in W.A. No. 3464 of 2023 was taken up for hearing,
this Court passed an order dated 13.12.2023 permitting the appellants to submit
their online applications along with the registration numbers as required by the
Teachers Recruitment Board enabling them to apply for the post in question,
however, such permission granted is subject to the result of the writ
appeals. Based on the same, the appellant also submitted his application online
for selection and appointment to the post of Graduate Teacher.
7. (i) The learned counsel for the appellant would vehemently contend that
the appellant prepared for the examination by reading the text books
recommended by the respondents. Therefore, the various questions set by the
respondents have been answered by the appellant as provided in the text books
approved by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The learned counsel further
submitted that even though the appellant sought for five marks for question Nos.
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3, 8, 10, 26 and 31, she confines her relief to award two marks so as to enable
him to get a pass certificate of TET examination. That apart, the learned counsel
invited the attention of this Court to question no.26 and submitted that the
translation of the answer options given in Q.No.26 itself are wrong as the said
answers have not been translated but transliterated; the appellant being a Tamil
medium student and answering the paper in Tamil, was not able to understand
the nature of the question and the answer to be marked; and as per the Master
Key, the correct answer is A3, but the appellant answered A2. Insofar as question
No.31, the learned counsel submitted that none of the answers provided thereof
by the respondents is correct. Even though the appellant marked A2 as the
correct answer, for having attended the question, he has to be awarded one
mark. When the answers given to Question No. 31 are incorrect, the respondents
are not justified in declining to award one mark for question No.31 on the ground
that A4 is the correct answer. In this context, the learned counsel placed reliance
on the decision of the Honourable Supreme Court in the case of Kanpur
University, through vice Chancellor and others vs. Samir Gupta and
others reported in AIR 1983 SC 1230 wherein it was held that for the mistake
committed by the educational authorities, the student cannot be penalised. In
Para Nos.16 and 17, it was held as follows:-
"16. Shri. Kacker, who appears on behalf of the university,
contended that no challenge should be allowed to be made to the
correctness of a key answer unless, on the face of it, it is wrong. We
agree that the key-answer should be assumed to be correct unless it is
proved to be wrong and that it should not be held to be wrong by an
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inferential process of reasoning or by a process of rationalisation. It
must be clearly demonstrated to be wrong, that is to say, it must be
such as no reasonable body of men well-versed in the particular
subject would regard as correct. The contention of the University is
falsified in this case by a large number of acknowledged text books,
which are commonly read by students in U.P. Those text-books leave
no room for doubt that the answer given by the students is correct and
the key answer is incorrect.
17. Students who have passed their intermediate Board
examination are eligible to appear for the entrance test for admission
to the medical colleges in U.P. Certain books are prescribed for the
Intermediate Board Examination and such knowledge of the subjects
as the students have is derived from what is contained in those text-
books. Those text-books support the case of the students fully. If this
were a case of doubt, we would have unquestionably preferred the key
answer. But if the matter is beyond the realm of doubt, it would be
unfair to penalise the students, for not giving an answer which accords
with the key answer, that is to say, with an answer which
demonstrated to be wrong."
(ii) The learned counsel for the appellant also relied on the decision of
the Honourable Supreme Court in the case of Ran Vijay Singh and others vs.
State of U.P. and others reported in AIR 2018 SC 52. In that case, the High
Court dismissed the writ petitions on the ground that there is no provision for re-
evaluating the question papers. On appeal, the Honourable Supreme Court held
that even in the absence of provision for re-evaluation, if it is established that the
selection Board has failed to discharge their statutory obligation to hold the
selection carefully and meticulously, then, the Court can step in and permit re-
evaluation. Thus, it was held that if a statute, Rule or regulation governing an
examination does not permit re-evaluation or scrutiny of an answer sheet, then
the Court may permit re-evaluation or scrutiny if it is demonstrated very clearly
that a material error has been committed in the conduct of the examination.
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(iii) The learned counsel for the appellant also relied on the decision of
the Honourable Supreme Court in the case of Rishal and others vs. Rajasthan
Public Service Commission and others reported in Manu/SC/1642/2018. In
that case the Honourable Supreme Court appointed an expert committee to re-
evaluate the question papers. The report of the expert was served on the
appellants. On scrutiny, the appellants submitted that certain answers given by
the Expert Committee are still not correct and they have also demonstrated it
before the Honourable Supreme Court. After perusing the opinion of the expert
body and the submissions made by the counsel for the appellants, the Honourable
Supreme Court directed the Rajasthan Public Service Commission to revise the
result of all the candidates, including the appellants and to award marks thereof.
It was also held that even those who have not approached the Court are also
entitled to the benefit of the said order.
(iv) Further reliance was placed by the learned counsel for the appellant
on the decision of the Honourable Supreme Court in U.P.P.S.C. and others vs.
Rahul Singh and others reported in AIR 2018 SC 2861 to contend that even
the opinion given by the experts was on the basis of the reference made in the
text books and therefore, reliance placed on the text book is justifiable. In Para
No.14, it was held that the stand of the Commission is also supported by certain
text books and therefore, it is reliable.
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(v) In effect, the learned counsel for the appellant submitted that even
the experts failed to take note of the nature of questions and the optional
answers given for the same. The learned counsel for the appellant therefore
submitted that the opinion of the expert is unjust and arbitrary and it need not be
relied on and consequently, the respondents must be directed to award two more
marks to the appellant for question Nos.26 and 31.
8.(i) The learned Additional Advocate General appearing for the third
respondent would vehemently oppose the writ appeal and contend that the
experts in the field have arrived at an opinion and based on the same, revised
mark list was published by the third respondent. As far as the appellant is
concerned, the answer provided by him to Question No.31 is not correct as per
the opinion of the expert. When experts in the field have examined the objections
raised by the candidates including the appellant and submitted their report, it
cannot be subjected to judicial scrutiny under Article 226 of The Constitution of
India. It is further submitted that after thorough scrutiny by the subject experts,
the final key was arrived at on the basis of which the computer based
examination for TET Paper II was evaluated. The revised and final key arrived at
by the experts were published along with the results on 27.07.2023 in the official
website of the third respondent/Board and it is final. The release of final key
answers pertains to 84 objections made by the candidates, including the appellant
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and they were thoroughly scrutinised by the expert committee and a decision has
been arrived at. As per the decision of the expert, re-verification was done for all
sessions and all questions. On the basis of the report of the experts, 15 questions
in 11 sessions were revised and the revised result was published on 27.07.2023.
Thus, the question challenged by the appellant has already been scrutinised by
the experts in the field.
(ii) The learned Additional Advocate General further submitted that the
answer keys challenged by the appellant have already been scrutinised by the
Board and revised mark list was published and it attains finality. Challenging the
revised mark list, writ petitions were filed and they were dismissed. While so, at
this stage, the relief sought by the appellant in this appeal to award two marks to
him cannot be countenanced and it has to be rejected.
(iii) The learned Additional Advocate General placed reliance on the
decision of the Honourable Supreme Court in the case of Mahesh Kumar vs.
Staff Selection Commission and another passed in SLP (C) No. 1951 of 2022
wherein it was held as follows:-
"The grievance voiced by the petitioner before the High Court was that
certain marks which were deducted ought not to have been deducted.
Basically, the issue before the High Court was evaluation of the answer
scripts of the petitioner. The High Court has rightly refused to entertain
the writ petition by observing that when the conscious decision has
been taken by the experts and the Courts have no expertise in the
academic matter, cannot interfere with the same. Hence, the Special
Leave Petition stands dismissed."
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(iv) The learned Additional Advocate General also placed reliance on the
judgment dated 08.09.2014 passed in the case of B. Florance Mary and
another vs. The Chairman, TRB in W.A. Nos. 1097 and 1099 of 2014
wherein a Division Bench of this Court held thus:-
"6. Coming to the contention of the learned counsel for the appellant
in W.A. No. 1099 of 2014 that one question has not been covered by
the earlier orders passed by the learned single Judge, we are not
inclined to accept the same for the reason that the expert body, on an
analysis, found that the answer given by the appellant in W.A. No.
1099 of 2014 was not a correct one. It is settled law that while
exercising the discretionary and extraordinary power under Article 226
of The Constitution of India, this Court cannot act like an expert body
by replacing the assessment made by experts.
(v) The learned Additional Advocate General appearing for the third
respondent also placed reliance on the orders of this Court viz., (1) Priya N vs.
The Secretary to Government in WP (MD) No. 2527 of 2015 (2) Order dated
21.02.2022 passed in the case of Sumathi vs. The Chairman, TRB in WP No. 3063
of 2022 and (3) Order dated 25.10.2016 made in WP No. 4682 of 2015 in the
case of S. Jayalakshmi vs. TRB., to contend that when the final key answers have
been examined and thoroughly scrutinised by an expert body constituted by the
third respondent, the correctness of such opinion need not be subjected to judicial
scrutiny. When the experts have zeroed in on a particular answer as the correct
answer to disputed questions, interference of this Court is not warranted in
directing the respondents to award one more mark to the appellant. The learned
Additional Advocate General also submitted that the Government of Tamil Nadu
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has issued G.O. (Ms) No.149, School Education (TRB) dated 20.07.2018
introducing a competitive examination for selection and appointment to the post
of B.T. Assistants from among the TET passed candidates. Challenging the said
Government Order, writ petitions have been filed and they were dismissed by this
Court. Thus, when the appellant did not secure the pass mark in the TET
examination, he is ineligible to participate in the competitive examination. In such
view of the matter, if the appellant is awarded two more marks as prayed for in
the writ petition, the respondents will have to act contrary to the notification
issued for recruitment to the post and against the policy decision taken by the
Government. Therefore, the learned Additional Advocate General prayed for
dismissing this appeal.
9. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and also perused
the materials placed on record.
10. At the outset, it must be stated that though the appellant has stated
that he is entitled to 5 marks, this appeal is confined only in respect of awarding
of two marks to the appellant for question Nos. 26 and No.31 in the TET
examination conducted on 12.02.2023. Question Nos. 26 and 31 and the answers
set by the respondents are noted below:-
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Question. No.26
According to Bruner, in which mode children’s thinking is dominated
by use of concepts?
g[Uzu; Tw;Wg;go. ve;j epiyapy; FHe;ijfspilna fUj;J
gad;ghL mtu;fspd; rpe;jidapy; nknyh';fpa[s;sJ>
A1. Enactive A2. Iconic
vdhf;ot; Ifhdpf;
A3. Symbolic A4. Scaffolding
rpk;ghypf; !;fg;nghy;o';
Question No.31
What is the value of the coin - Ana
A1 Eight paise
A2 Four Paise
A3. Three Paise
A4. Six Paise
11. According to the appellant, the translation of the answer options
given in Q. No. 26 itself are wrong as the said answers have not been translated
but transliterated. The appellant being a Tamil medium student and answering the
paper in Tamil, was not able to understand the nature of the question and the
answer to be marked. As per Master Key, the correct answer is A3 but the
appellant answered A2. Similarly, for Question no. 31, the appellant marked A2 as
the correct answer. It is stated that even A2 is not the correct answer and the
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correct answer is 6.25 paise. In this context, it was demonstrated by the learned
counsel for the appellant from the text book - Tamil - 8 - published by School
Education Department enclosed in page Nos.142 and 143 of the typed set of
papers wherein it was stated as follows:-
"mzh. ry;yp. Jl;L vd;gJ mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J
ehzag; bgah;fs; MFk;/ gjpdhW mzhf;fs; bfhz;lJ
xU U:gha;/ mjdhy; jhd; ,d;Wk; ngr;RtHf;fpy; miu
U:ghia vl;lzh vd;Wk; fhy; U:ghia ehyzh vd;Wk;
TWfpd;wdh;/@
12. The learned counsel for the appellant has also quoted from the
materials made available in internet wherein it is stated that an anna was a
currency unit formerly used in British India, which is equal to 1/6 of a rupee. It
was sub-divided into four pies or twelve pies (thus there were 192 pies in a
rupee). When the rupee was decimalised and sub-divided into 100 new paise,
one anna was therefore equivalent to 6.25 paise.
13. Therefore, it is evident and demonstrated by the learned counsel for
the appellant that the four answers set by the respondents themselves are
incorrect and it has caused confusion in the minds of the candidates who have
attended the question. In none of the four answers, "6.25 paise" was given, and
therefore, the candidates cannot be expected to write "6.25 paise". It is also
demonstrated by the learned counsel for the appellant from the text book as well
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as the material from the internet that one ana is equal to 6.25 paise.
14. It is true that the respondents have constituted an expert
committee and the committee had concluded that 15 questions in 11 sessions
asked in the competitive examination are not correct and recommended for
change of the key answers. However, insofar as question No.31 is concerned, the
experts have opined that answer No.A4 is correct. But, from the text book
material furnished by the appellant, it is clear that one ana is equal to 6.25 paise
and it was not given as one of the optional answers to question No.31 set by the
respondents. Therefore, the conclusion reached by the experts that A4 is the
correct answer to the question No.31 cannot be accepted and it is proved to be
incorrect.
15. It is well settled that this Court has no expertise to examine the
correctness or otherwise of the answer set by the respondents. For this purpose,
an expert was constituted. However, the expert opinion need not be always
relied on as a gospel truth by this Court. This is more so that the appellant placed
heavy reliance on the approved text book which was also enclosed in the typed
set of papers along with the memorandum of writ appeal. It is needless to
mention that the book has been approved by the Tamil Nadu Open University and
the candidates, including the appellant, who appeared for the competitive
examination must have relied on the same. Even otherwise, on going through the
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question No.31 and the answers made available from the text book material as
well as internet, we feel that the appellant has to be awarded one more mark for
having attended question No.31. Merely because the experts have opined the
correct answer as A4, we need not blindly accept it knowing full well that it is
wrong and dismiss the appeal of the appellant.
16. Time and again, it was reiterated by this Court as well as the
Honourable Supreme Court that the Courts should be slow in interfering with
expert opinion in academic matters. However, there is no embargo for the Courts
to disregard the opinion of the experts, if it is demonstrated that the opinion so
rendered may not be correct and unreliable. In this regard, in the decision of the
Honourable Supreme Court reported in Kanpur University case mentioned
supra, it was held that judicial review cannot be totally ousted in certain
circumstances where it was established that the answer set by the respondents is
palpably wrong. In this case, on perusal of questions No. 26 and No.31 and the
materials placed before us, we are of the view that none of the four answers
given to question No.31 is correct. When the mistake is on the part of the
respondents in setting the answers, the appellant cannot be found fault with.
While so, we see no reason to reject the contentions urged on behalf of the
appellant to award two more marks to him for Question Nos.26 and 31. Thus, on
the strength of the approved text book produced by the appellant, we are of the
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definite and clear view that none of the answers given to question Nos. 26 and 31
is correct and therefore, for having attended both questions, the appellant must
be awarded two more marks. Accordingly, we hold that the appellant is entitled to
two more marks for questions No.26 and No.31.
17. In the result, the writ appeal is allowed by setting aside the order
dated 17.11.2023 passed in WP No. 32453 of 2023. The respondents are directed
to award two more marks to the appellant for questions No.26 and No.31 and
consequently declare him as having passed the TET examination held on
12.02.2023. No costs. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petitions are
closed.
[R.M.D., A.C.J.] [M.S.Q., J]
04.06.2024
rsh
Index: Yes / No.
Speaking order/ Non-speaking order
Neutral Citation: Yes / No.
To
1.The Principal Secretary to Government
Government of Tamil Nadu
School Education Department
Fort St. George, Chennai - 600 009.
2.The Director of School Education,
DPI Campus, College Road
Chennai - 600 006.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
3. Teachers Recruitment Board
4th Floor, DPI Campus
College Road, Chennai - 600 006.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
THE HON'BLE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE
and
MOHAMMED SHAFFIQ, J
rsh
04.06.2024
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
