Madras High Court

Patti Prabakara Rao vs State By Inspector Of Police on 30 June, 2023

Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS

DATED 30.06.2023

CORAM

THE HONOURABLE Mr. JUSTICE V. SIVAGNANAM

Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

1. Patti Prabakara Rao

2. Guda Kishore Kumar

3. Tippuru Ramesh ... Petitioners
Vs.

State by Inspector of Police,
Inspector of Police,
M-4 Red Hills Police Station,
Chennai.
Crime No.653 of 2022 ...
Respondent

Criminal Revision filed under Section 397 and 401 of Cr.P.C., to set aside
the order passed in Crl.M.P.No.3030 of 2023 on 01.06.2023 by the learned
Principal Special Judge for NDPS Act, Chennai by allowing this Revision
Petition.

For Petitioners : Mr. S. Mannarsamy

For Respondent : Mr.R.Vinoth Raja,
Government Advocate (Crl. Side)

ORDER

This criminal revision has been filed challenging the order passed in

Crl.M.P.No.3030 of 2023, dated 01.06.2023 by the learned Principal Special https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

Judge, Principal Special Court under EC & NDPS Act, Chennai, in and by

which, the learned Principal Special Judge has dismissed the bail application

filed by the petitioners under section 167(2) Cr.P.C.

2. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioners contended that the

respondent police registered a case against the petitioners in Cr.No.653 of 2022

for the offences punishable under sections 8(c), r/w. 20(b)(ii)(C), 25 and 29(1)

of the NDPS Act, 1985. The petitioners were arrested on 18.09.2022 and

remanded to judicial custody. After the expiry of statutory period of 180 days,

the respondent police, has not filed a final report. Hence , the petitioners filed

statutory bail application before the trial court. The respondent Police also filed

an application under Section 36A(4) of the NDPS Act in Crl.M.P.No.1730 of

2023 on 14.03.2023 for extension of statutory period for investigation. The trial

court, by passing the impugned order dated 01.06.2023, dismissed the statutory

bail petition and allowed the extension application filed by the respondent

Police on the ground that the High Court, vide its order passed in

Crl.R.C.No.666 of 2023, dated 24.04.2023 filed by A3, A4 and A7 in

Cr.No.653 of 2022, had set aside the impugned order challenged therein,

passed in Crl.M.P.No.1878 of 2023 alone and bail had been granted to A1, A2

and A5 and 36 (4) A petition filed by the prosecution in Crl.M.P.No.1730 of

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2023 has not been set aside by the High Court and the petition which had been

filed by the accused u/s.167(2) of Cr.P.C., in Crl.M.P.No.1878 of 2023 alone

has been set aside by this Court in Crl.R.C.No.666 of 2023 and not petition

filed under section 36A(4) of the NDPS Act. It is the grievance of the

petitioners that the learned Principal Special Judge, while deciding the

application for extension of statutory period of investigation on 28.03.2023,

neither the accused was heard before the Court either physically or virtually nor

he was represented by the his counsel. In the absence of the accused, mere

allowing the extension petition is a violation of principal laid down by the

Hon'ble Supreme Court reported in 2022 SCC Online SC 1290 in Jigar alias

Jimmy Pravinchandra Adatiya Vrs. State of Gujarat. Therefore, the

petitioners are entitled for statutory bail. Thus, he seeks to set aside the

impugned order and grant bail to the petitioners.

3. The learned Government Advocate (Crl.side) has objected for grant of

bail. According to him, there is no illegality in the order dated 28.03.2023 and

hence, the petitioners are not entitled for statutory bail and the learned

Government Advocate (Crl. Side) pleaded to dismiss the criminal revision

petition.

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Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

4. I have considered the submissions made on either side and perused the

entire materials available on record.

5. On a perusal of records, it is seen that the respondent police registered

a case against the petitioners in Cr.No.653 of 2022 for the offence punishable

under sections 8(c), r/w. 20(b)(ii)(C), 25 and 29(1) of the NDPS Act, 1985 for

illegal possession of 200 kgs of Ganja, pursuant to which, the respondent police

arrested the petitioners and remanded him to judicial custody on 18.09.2022.

Since the respondent police has not filed final report within 180 days as

mandated under section 167(2) of Cr.P.C., the petitioners have filed an

application in Crl.M.P.No.3030 of 2023 on 246th day. The prosecution has filed

an application in Crl.M.P.No.1730 of 2023 seeking time for completing

investigation under section 36(A)(4) of NDPS Act on 14.03.2023 before

completion of 180 days. On hearing both the applications, the learned Principal

Judge on 28.03.2023, allowed the application filed for extension of statutory

period for investigation and dismissed the bail application filed by the accused.

6. The learned trial judge, in the impugned order, at para 5 has observed

that the petition filed by the prosecution under 36A(4) of NDPS Act for

extension of investigation period in Crl.M.P.No.1730 of 2023, dated

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28.03.2023 was challenged by A1, A2 and A5 and not by the petitioners herein

viz., A3, A4 and A7. Hence setting aside of C.M.P.No.1730 of 2023 is not

applicable to these petitioners/accused is erroneous approach. Once, the

petition filed under section 36 (4)(A) of NDPS Act is set aside by this Court,

the benefit will be applicable to all the accused.

7. No doubt while allowing the application filed seeking for extension of

time for investigation in Cr.M.P.No.1730 of 2023 on 28.03.2023, the accused

was not produced either physically or virtually before the Court. It was not

disputed that the accused was not represented by his counsel. The Supreme

Court after considering the case of Sanjay Dutt Vs. State Through B.I,

Bombay (II) (1994(5) SCC page 410) which has been re-affirmed by

subsequent judgment of the Supreme Court in State of Madhya Pradesh Vs.

Rustam, reported in 1995 SCC Crl.830 finally concluded that the failure to

procure the presence of the accused either physically or virtually before the

Court and the failure to inform them about the application filed by the

prosecution for extension of time for investigation, is a mere procedural

irregularity and the same is a violation of the principal laid down by the Hon'ble

Supreme Court in 2022 SCC Online SC 1290 in Jigar alias Jimmy

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Pravinchandra Adatiya Vrs. State of Gujarat. For the sake of better

understanding the relevant paragraphs are extracted hereunder:

“36. The logical and legal consequence of the grant of extension of time is the deprivation of the indefeasible right available to the accused to claim a default bail. If we accept the argument that the failure of the prosecution to produce the accused before the Court and to inform him that the application of extension is being considered by the Court is a mere procedural irregularity, it will negate the proviso added by sub-section (2) of Section 20 of the 2015 Act and that may amount to violation of rights conferred by Article 21 of the Constitution. The reason is the grant of the extension of time takes away the right of the accused to get default bail which is intrinsically connected with the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. The procedure contemplated by Article 21 of the Constitution which is required to be followed before the liberty of a person is taken away has to be a fair and reasonable procedure. In fact, procedural safeguards play an important role in protecting the liberty guaranteed by Article 21. The failure to procure the presence of the accused either physically or virtually before the Court and the failure to inform him that the application made by the Public Prosecutor for the extension of time is being considered, is not a mere procedural irregularity. It is gross illegality that violates the rights of the accused under Article 21.

37. An attempt was made to argue that the failure to produce the accused will not cause any prejudice to him. As noted earlier, the grant of extension of time to complete the investigation takes away the indefeasible right of the accused to apply for default bail. It takes away the right of the accused to raise a limited objection to the prayer for the extension. The failure to produce the accused before the Court at the time of consideration of the application for extension of time will amount to a violation of the right guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. Thus, prejudice is inherent and need not be established by the accused.

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Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

38. The learned Additional Solicitor General relied upon the decision of this Court in the case of Narender G. Goel9. The issue involved in that case was not of extension of time for completion of the investigation. The issue generally discussed therein is about the right of hearing of the accused at the stage of the investigation. His reliance on the decision of this Court in the case of Surendra Pundlik Gadling10 will not help him at all. This was a case where the accused was not only produced before the Court but he was provided a copy of the application for extension of time. The grievance of the accused was that time of only one day was granted to contest the application. This contention was rejected.

39. In the facts of the cases in hand, when the Special Court considered the reports submitted by the Public Prosecutor for grant of extension of time, the presence of the appellants was admittedly not procured before the Special Court either personally or through video conference. It is also an admitted position that information about the filing of such reports by the Public Prosecutor was not provided to the accused. It is mentioned in the impugned judgment that due to COVID – 19, it was not permissible to physically produce the accused before the Special Court. Moreover, the accused were in different prisons and, therefore, the production through video conference would have been very slow. Assuming that the process of production would have been slow, that is no excuse for not procuring the presence of the accused through video conference. Nothing is placed on record either before this Court or High Court to show that as per the Standard Operating Procedure applicable to the concerned Court in January 2021 when the impugned orders were passed granting the extension, it was not permissible to physically produce the accused before the Special Court. There is no material placed on record to show that technical reasons/difficulties prevented the prosecution from producing the accused before the Special Court through video conference. It is not possible to accept that in January 2021 in the Court at Rajkot in the State of Gujarat, there was any connectivity issue. In fact, admittedly, no such case

was pleaded before the High Court in the pleadings of the respondents.” https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

8. In view of the above principles laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme

Court, the mere allowing of the extension application filed by the prosecution in

the absence of the accused, is not in accordance with law. Therefore, the

impugned order passed by the trial judge is unsustainable and the same is liable

to be set aside. In view of the foregoing discussions, the impugned order is set

aside and statutory bail is granted to the petitioners.

9.Accordingly, the impugned order dated 01.06.2023 passed in

Crl.M.P.No.3030 of 2023 by the learned Principal Special Judge, Principal

Special Court under EC & NDPS Act, Chennai, is set aside and Statutory Bail

is granted to the petitioners and the petitioners are ordered to be released on bail

on their executing a bond for a sum of Rs.25,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five

Thousand only) each along with two sureties, each for a likesum, before the

Principal Special Court under EC & NDPS act, Chennai on the following

conditions;

(a) the petitioners and the sureties shall affix their photographs and left thumb impression in the surety bond and the Court concerned may obtain a copy of their Aadhar card or Bank pass Book to ensure their identity;

(b) the petitioners shall not tamper with evidence or witness either during investigation or trial;

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Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

(c) the petitioners to appear before the respondent police on the first working day of every month at 10.30 a.m., until further orders.

(d) the petitioners shall not abscond either during investigation or trial;

(e) on breach of any of the aforesaid conditions, the learned Magistrate/ Trial Court is entitled to take appropriate action against the petitioners in accordance with law as if the conditions have been imposed and the petitioners released on bail by the learned Magistrate/Trial Court himself as laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in P.K.Shaji Vs. State of Kerala [(2005) AIR SCW 5560]; and;

(f) if the accused thereafter abscond, a fresh FIR can be registered under Section 229-A IPC.

10. With the above directions, this Criminal Revision Case is allowed.

30.06.2023 msr Index:Yes/No Speaking order / Non speaking order

1. The Principal Special Judge Principal Special Court under EC & NDPS Act, Chennai.

2. The Inspector of Police, M-4 Red Hills Police Station, Chennai.

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Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023

3. The Public Prosecutor, Madras High Court, Chennai.

4. The Superintendent, Central Prison, Puzhal, Chennai.

V. SIVAGNANAM, J.

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Crl.R.C.No.1159 of 2023