Citation : 2025 Latest Caselaw 9597 Ker
Judgement Date : 13 October, 2025
2025:KER:75135
W.P(C) No.3245/2025 1
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V
&
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR
MONDAY, THE 13TH DAY OF OCTOBER 2025 / 21ST ASWINA, 1947
WP(C) NO. 3245 OF 2025
PETITIONER:
RAMADAS G., AGED 61 YEARS
S/O K.M.GOPALA PILLA, SARASWATHY BHAVANAM,
PALLARIMANGALANG P.O., MAVELIKKARA, ALAPPUZHA, PIN - 690107
BY ADVS.
SHRI.GEORGE VARGHESE(PERUMPALLIKUTTIYIL)
SRI.MANU SRINATH
SHRI.LIJO JOHN THAMPY
SMT.NIVEDITA MUCHILOTE
SHRI.RIYAS M.B.
RESPONDENTS:
1 TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD, DEVASWOM HEAD QUARTERS,
NANTHANCODE, KAWDIAR POST, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, PIN - 695003
2 TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD
TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD, DEVASWOM HEAD QUARTERS,
NANTHANCODE, KAWDIAR POST, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695003
3 CHIEF ENGINEER, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER,
TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD, DEVASWOM HEAD QUARTERS,
NANTHANCODE, KAWDIAR P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695003
4 EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL DIVISION, TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM
BOARD, CHENGANNUR, ALAPPUZHA, PIN - 689121
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W.P(C) No.3245/2025 2
5 ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (ELECTRICAL)
TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD, MAVELIKKARA,
ALAPPUZHA, PIN - 690101
6 ASSISTANT ENGINEER, TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD,
MAVELIKKARA, ALAPPUZHA, PIN - 690101
7 ADDL.R7: STATE OF KERALA
REP. BY SPECIAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
REVENUE (DEVASWOM) DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
8 ADDL.R8: SENIOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR,
KERALA STATE AUDIT DEPARTMENT, TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD
AUDIT, NANTHANCODE, KAWDIAR POST,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695003
[ADDL.R7 & R8 ARE IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED 04.02.2025 IN
I.A.1/2025 in WP(C)No.3245/2025
BY ADV.
SHRI.G.BIJU, SC, TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD
THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 24.09.2025,
THE COURT ON 13.10.2025 DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
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W.P(C) No.3245/2025 3
JUDGMENT
This Writ Petition is filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India challenging Exts.P13 and P14 orders issued by the officers of the Travancore Devaswom Board, whereby the work contract issued to the petitioner was cancelled.
2. The petitioner is a registered B class PWD Contractor. It is stated that he has been doing various civil and electrical works for the 1st respondent Travancore Devaswom Board.
3. According to the writ petitioner, the Travancore Devaswom Board invited bids from qualified electrical contractors for carrying out certain urgent repairs and replacement of the existing old and damaged electrical installations in the Sasthamkotta Sree Dharma Shastha Devaswom Temple, on 23.03.2024. From among the bidders, the petitioner was selected, and the work was allotted to him as per Ext. P1 notice dated 16.07.2024. The contract was awarded at a Probable Amount of Contract (PAC) of ₹1,48,346/-, and the petitioner was directed to attend the office of the 4th respondent within two weeks for the execution of the draft schedule, depositing the requisite amount, and for obtaining necessary instructions.
4. In Ext.P1, there was a stipulation that the petitioner must complete the entire work within 30 days of the actual date of handing over of the site. The petitioner asserts that he approached the office of the 5th respondent, Assistant Executive Engineer (Electrical) and made the requisite deposit on 2025:KER:75135
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12.08.2024, as evident from Ext.P2, copy of the Term Deposit Receipt of the Dhanlaxmi Bank. Subsequently, the petitioner and the 4th respondent entered into Ext.P3 agreement dated 13.08.2024 as per Ext.P1 selection notice. 5. It is averred in the writ petition that the site was not handed over to the petitioner, and therefore, he was unable to commence the work. On 23.08.2024, the petitioner received Ext.P5 communication from the 5th respondent, requesting him to approach the 5th respondent to complete the remaining procedures for commencing operations as per Ext. P1 selection notice. The writ petitioner sent Ext. P6 reply to the 5th respondent, pointing out that despite several visits to the office of the Assistant Executive Engineer (Electrical), the site was not handed over to him. 6. Even though the petitioner approached the office of the 5th respondent on several occasions, he was not permitted to complete any of the pending procedures. The petitioner further states that he received Ext. P8 communication dated 22.11.2024 from the 5th respondent, serving as an ultimatum requiring him to commence the work within five days, failing which, consequential actions would follow. Thereafter, the petitioner contacted the 5th respondent and requested completion of all formalities and handover of the site. Finally, on 06.01.2025, the office of the 5th respondent issued Ext. P12, the site handover memo.
7. The petitioner would further contend that, as per Ext.P13 communication, Ext,P12 site handover memo was cancelled, stating that the original site handover memo was communicated to the petitioner vide Ext.P8 2025:KER:75135
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communication. On 02.12.2024, the 4th respondent, Executive Engineer, issued Ext.P14 work cancellation order.
8. The 1st respondent, Travancore Devaswom Board, has filed a detailed affidavit contending that the Writ Petition is not maintainable. The subject matter of the Writ Petition concerns a dispute regarding the contractual obligations between the parties and involves disputed questions of fact. Therefore, a Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution would not lie to enforce a civil liability, arising purely out of the contract. Reliance was also placed in SITCO Associates v. State of Kerala and others1 and High Range Marketing Society Ltd. v. Travancore Devaswom Board and others2. 9. In the counter affidavit, it is stated that the 6th respondent invited competitive quotations from approved contractors on 15.11.2023 for urgent repairs and the replacement of existing old and damaged electrical installations of the temple. However, only one contractor, namely V.P. Gopakumar, submitted a quotation in response to the invitation. The said tender was rejected. A second tender was invited for the aforesaid work on 28.11.2023, in which three contractors participated. The petitioner submitted the lowest bid, i.e., 9.9% below the estimated cost, and subsequently, the 4th respondent issued Ext.P1 selection notice.
10. It is further submitted that the 5th respondent issued Ext.P5 letter to the petitioner. In response, the petitioner sent Ext.P6 series letters stating his
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unwillingness to commence the work. In Exts.P6, P6(a), and P6(b) letters, the petitioner alleged that he was not given a copy of the agreement and the draft schedule for the work. However, those documents were handed over to the petitioner on 14.08.2024.
11. On 23.09.2024, the 6th respondent sent Ext.P7 letter, directing the petitioner to commence the work immediately and complete the necessary procedures without delay. However, the petitioner once again refused to commence the work. The respondents further contended that the 6th respondent issued Ext.P8 notice on 22.11.2024, calling upon the petitioner for the formal handing over of the work site. The notice highlighted the difficulties faced by devotees due to the non-completion of the work by the petitioner. Along with this notice, the 6th respondent also sent the site handing-over form (P19), duly signed by him. Although the petitioner received both the notice and the appended form, he has not commenced the work and instead, sent Ext.P9 notice on 27.11.2024.
12. Even though Ext.P11 notice was issued by the 4th respondent directing the petitioner to commence the work urgently within three days, he did not commence the work. The petitioner approached the Overseer holding the additional charge of the 6th respondent, and misled him to issue Ext.P12 without disclosing the prior issuance of the site handing-over letter dated 22.11.2024 along with Ext.P8. The Overseer who signed Ext. P12 was unaware of the previous procedures related to the concerned file.
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13. It is further submitted that, along with Ext.P13 letter, the petitioner
was also informed that the site handover order issued on 06.01.2025 was only in error, as the site had already been handed over on 22.11.2024. 14. It is further stated in the counter that the petitioner, after taking up some electrical work in Eruva Devaswom, did not complete the work and caused trouble with the locals, the Advisory Committee, and the Sub-Group Officer. There were also instances where the petitioner had conflicts with officers of the Travancore Devaswom Board.
15. We have heard the submissions of the learned counsel for the petitioner, the Special Government Pleader, Sri. G. Biju, the learned Standing Counsel for Travancore Devaswom Board and perused the materials placed on record.
16. The main contention of the petitioner is that the cancellation of the work order by the Travancore Devaswom Board and its officers is illegal, arbitrary, null and void. He seeks a declaration from this Court to the effect that Exts.P13 and P14 orders of the respondents are illegal. He also seeks a declaration that the work site was handed over as per Ext.P1 work order only on 06.01.2025. Further, he seeks a writ of mandamus, commanding the respondents to permit the petitioner to commence the work awarded under Ext.P1 and to complete it within 30 days from the date of reinstatement of the work.
17. Per contra, the respondents, the Travancore Devaswom Board and its officers, would contend that the petitioner has sought relief for the 2025:KER:75135
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enforcement of contractual obligations. According to the respondents, the appropriate remedy in such cases is for the petitioner to institute a suit before the civil court. It is further contended that the questions as to whether the site was handed over to the petitioner, and if so, when such handover took place, are disputed questions of fact. This Court, while exercising jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, cannot and should not adjudicate such disputed questions of fact.
18. In State of Kerala v. M. K. Jose3, the Honourable Supreme Court observed that a writ court should ordinarily not entertain a Writ Petition if there is a breach of contract involving disputed question of fact. Paragraphs 13, 16 and 27 of the judgment read as follows:
"13. A writ Court should ordinarily not entertain a writ petition, if there is a breach of contract involving disputed questions of fact. The present case clearly indicates that the factual disputes are involved. In State of Bihar v. Jain Plastics and Chemicals Ltd.. 2002 (1) SCC 216, a two judge Bench reiterating the exercise of power under Art.226 of the Constitution in respect of enforcement of contractual obligations has stated:
"It is to be reiterated that writ petition under Art.226 is not the proper proceedings for adjudicating such disputes. Under the law, it was open to the respondent to approach the Court of competent jurisdiction for appropriate relief for breach of contract. It is settled law that when an alternative and equally efficacious remedy is open to the litigant, he should be required to pursue that remedy and not invoke the writ jurisdiction of the High Court. Equally, the existence
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of alternative remedy does not affect the jurisdiction of the Court to issue writ, but ordinarily that would be a good ground in refusing to exercise the discretion under Art.226.
xxxxxx
16. In ABL International Ltd. v. Export Credit Guarantee Corpn. of India Ltd., 2004 (3) SCC 553, a two Judge Bench after referring to various judgments as well as the pronouncement In Gunwant Kaur (supra) and Century Spg. And Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. Ulhasnagar Municipal Council, 1970 (1) SCC 582, has held thus:
"19. Therefore, it is clear from the above enunciation of law that merely because one of the parties to the litigation raises a dispute in regard to the facts of the case, the Court entertaining such petition under Art.226 of the Constitution is not always bound to relegate the parties to a suit. In the above case of Gunwant Kaur this Court even went to the extent of holding that in a writ petition, if the facts require, even oral evidence can be taken. This clearly shows that in an appropriate case, the writ Court has the jurisdiction to entertain a writ petition involving disputed questions of fact and there is no absolute bar for entertaining a writ petition even if the same arises out of a contractual obligation and/or involves some disputed questions of fact.
xxxxxxxx
27. From the above discussion of ours, the following legal principles emerge as to the maintainability of a writ petition:
(a) In an appropriate case, a writ petition as against a State or an instrumentality of a State arising out of a contractual obligation is maintainable.
(b) Merely because some disputed questions of fact arise for consideration, same cannot be a ground to refuse to entertain a writ petition in all cases as a matter of rule.
(c) A writ petition involving a consequential relief of monetary claim is also maintainable.
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While laying down the principle, the Court sounded a word of caution as under:
"However, while entertaining an objection as to the maintainability of a writ petition under Art.226 of the Constitution of India, the Court should bear in mind the fact that the power to issue prerogative writs under Art.226 of the Constitution is plenary in nature and is not limited by any other provisions of the Constitution. The High Court having regard to the facts of the case, has a discretion to entertain or not to entertain a writ petition, The Court has imposed upon itself certain restrictions in the exercise of this power. (See Whirlpool Corpn, v. Registrar of Trade Marks, 1998 (8) SCC 1. And this plenary right of the High Court to issue a prerogative writ will not normally be exercised by the Court to the exclusion of other available remedies unless such action of the State or its instrumentality is arbitrary and unreasonable so as to violate the constitutional mandate of Art, 14 or for other valid and legitimate reasons, for which the Court thinks it necessary to exercise the said jurisdiction."
19. The learned counsel for the Travancore Devaswom Board further submitted that a writ of mandamus cannot be issued against the Travancore Devaswom Board for the enforcement of contractual obligations between private contracting parties. The learned Standing Counsel contended that, in order to obtain a writ of mandamus, the petitioner must establish a legal right to compel the public authority to perform a specific act, and that there exists a corresponding duty on the part of the public authority to perform such act. It is submitted that, in the present case, the petitioner has failed to either plead or establish the existence of such a legal right and the corresponding duty on the part of the respondents.
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20. Admittedly, Ext.P1 work order has been awarded to the petitioner.
It is also admitted that later Ext.P1 work order was cancelled, as evident from Exts.P13 and P14 orders of the respondents. The parties are not in dispute as to the fact that the work has not been commenced.
21. The contention of the petitioner is that the site was handed over to him only on 06.01.2025 as per Ext.P12 memo. However, the Devaswom Board would contend that the site was handed over as early as on 22.11.2024 as evidenced from Ext.P12 memo. The crucial question before us is when the work site was handed over to the petitioner.
22. In SITCO (supra), the Division Bench of this Court observed that the writ court should not interfere in disputed questions of fact while exercising judicial review powers under Article 226 of the Constitution. The same principle was reiterated in the High Range Marketing Society Ltd. (supra).
23. In ABL International Ltd. and Another v. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd. and Others4 the Apex Court held that a Writ Petition is not maintainable to enforce contractual obligations. The relevant paragraphs are extracted hereunder:
"8.As could be seen from the arguments addressed in this appeal and as also from the divergent views of the two courts below one of the questions that falls for our consideration is whether a writ petition under Art.226 of the Constitution of India is maintainable to enforce a contractual obligation of the State or its instrumentality, by an
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aggrieved party.
9 In our opinion this question is no more res integra and is settled by a large number of judicial pronouncements of this Court. In K.N. Guruswamy v. The State of Mysore and Ors. [1955 (1) SCR 305] this Court held:
"The next question is whether the appellant can complain of this by way of a writ. In/our opinion, he could have done so in an ordinary case. The appellant is interested in these contracts and has a right under the laws of the State to receive the same treatment and be given the same chance as anybody else........
We would therefore in the ordinary course have given the appellant the writ he seeks. But owing to the time which this matter has taken to reach us (a consequence for which the appellant is in no way to blame, for he has done all he could to have an early hearing), there is barely a fortnight of the contract left to go............ A writ would therefore be ineffective and as it is not our practice to issue meaningless writs we must dismiss this appeal and leave the appellant content with an enunciation of the law."
10 It is clear from the above observations of this Court in the said case though a writ was not issued on the facts of that case, this Court has held that on a given set of facts if a State acts in an arbitrary manner even in a matter of contract, an aggrieved party can approach the court by way of writ under Art.226 of the Constitution and the court depending on facts of the said case is empowered to grant the relief. This judgment in K.N. Guruswamy v. The State of Mysore and Ors. was followed subsequently by this Court in the case of The D.F.O, South Kheri and Ors. v. Ram Sanehi Singh [1971 (3) SCC
864) wherein this Court held:
"By that order he has deprived the respondent of a valuable right. We are unable to hold that merely because the source of the right which the respondent claims was initially in a contract for obtaining relief against any arbitrary and unlawful action on the part of a public authority he must resort to a suit and not to a petition by way of a 2025:KER:75135
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writ. In view of the judgment of this Court in K.N. Guruswamy's case (supra), there can be no doubt that the petition was maintainable, even if the right to relief arose out of an alleged breach of contract, where the action challenged was of a public authority invested with statutory power."
(Emphasis supplied)
24. In Subodh Kumar Singh Rathour v. Chief Executive Officer5 a larger Bench of the Apex Court has examined the scope of judicial review of the actions of the State in the matters relating to contract under writ jurisdiction. The Apex Court held that Courts may entertain a contractual dispute under its writ jurisdiction where (1) there is any violation of natural justice or (II) where doing so would serve the public Interest or (III) where though the facts are convoluted or disputed, but the Courts have already undertaken an in-depth scrutiny of the same provided that the it was pursuant to a sound exercise of its writ jurisdiction.
25. When a dispute arises concerning the enforcement of contractual obligations, the appropriate remedy available to the parties is to approach the civil court.
26. The petitioner, instead of approaching the civil court and without availing the statutory remedies, approached this Court seeking the invocation of extraordinary powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The petitioner has not established any violation under Article 14 of the Constitution of India, much less a breach of the principles of natural justice.
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27. Merely because the Travancore Devaswom Board (being an
agency or instrumentality of the Government) is a party to the dispute, a writ petition is not maintainable in every case. Normally, the obligations arising out of executed contracts are to be enforced through civil courts. 28. The petitioner has now approached this Court for the enforcement of contractual obligations arising out of a contract with Travancore Devaswom Board, which involves disputed questions of fact.
In light of the foregoing discussion, we are of the view that the writ petition is not maintainable and dismissed accordingly.
Sd/-
RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V.
JUDGE
Sd/-
K. V. JAYAKUMAR
JUDGE
msp/Sbna
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 3245/2025
PETITIONER EXHIBITS
Exhibit P1 TRUE COPY OF THE SELECTION NOTICE NUMBER
EDC-287/EE/MVK-48/23-24 DATED 16.07.2024 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P2 TRUE COPY OF THE TERM DEPOSIT RECEIPT ISSUED BY DHANALAXMI BANK ON 12.08.2024 Exhibit P3 TRUE COPY OF THE AGREEMENT NO.
PW/141/DWD/CD/ELE/24-25 DATED 13.08.2024 EXECUTED BETWEEN THE 4TH RESPONDENT AND THE PETITIONER Exhibit P4 TRUE COPY OF THE DRAFT SCHEDULE OF THE WORK NOTIFIED UNDER EXT.P1 Exhibit P5 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO. AE(E) /MVKA/ELE/2023/19 DATED 23.08.2024 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P6 TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 13.09.2024 PREFERRED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 3RD RESPONDENT ALONG WITH THE POSTAL RECEIPT Exhibit P6(a) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 13.09.2024 PREFERRED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 4TH RESPONDENT ALONG WITH THE POSTAL RECEIPT Exhibit P6(b) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 13.09.2024 PREFERRED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 5TH RESPONDENT ALONG WITH THE POSTAL RECEIPT Exhibit P7 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO.AE(E)/MVKA/ELE/2023/19 DATED 23.09.2024 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P8 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO.AE(E)/MVKA/ELE/2023/19 DATED 22.11.2024 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P9 TRUE COPY OF LETTER NO. GRD-222 A2/2024 DATED 27.11.2024 PREFERRED BY THE PETITIONER BEFORE THE 5TH RESPONDENT ALONG WITH THE POSTAL RECEIPT Exhibit P10 TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 24.09.2024 PASSED BY THE HONOURABLE HIGH COURT IN W.P.(C) NO. 36702 OF 2023 Exhibit P11 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO. 320GL/24-25 DATED 31.12.2024 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P12 TRUE COPY OF THE SITE HANDOVER MEMO EXECUTED BY THE PETITIONER AND THE 5TH RESPONDENT ON 06.01.2025 Exhibit P13 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION NO.
AE(E)/MVKA/ELE/2023/19 DATED 07.01.2025 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER Exhibit P14 TRUE COPY OF ORDER NO. 344GL/24-25 DATED 2025:KER:75135
W.P(C) No.3245/2025 16
07.01.2025 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT
Exhibit P15 A TRUE COPY OF THE COMPLAINT FILED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE DYSP KAYAMKULAM DATED 20.01.2020 Exhibit P16 TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION PREFERRED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 5TH RESPONDENT DATED 13.07.2020 Exhibit P17 A TRUE COPY OF LETTER DATED 15.07.2021 SENT BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 4TH RESPONDENT Exhibit P18 A TRUE COPY OF LETTER DATED 18.03.2024 SUBMITTED BY THE PETITIONER TO THE 4TH RESPONDENT
RESPONDENT EXHIBITS
Exhibit-R1(a) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER NO. AE(E)/MVKA/ELE/2023/19 DATED 07/01/2025 SENT BY THE OVERSEER IN CHARGE OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER (ELECTRICAL), TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD TO EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL DIVISION, CHENGANNUR Exhibit-R1(b) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER NO.546 DATED 07/01/2025 SENT BY SUB GROUP OFFICER, SASTHAMCOTTA DEVASWOM, TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD TO THE ASST. ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL SECTION, MAVELIKKARA Exhibit-R1(c) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 30/01/2025 FROM THE TEMPLE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF SASTHAMCOTTA DEVASWOM TO THE ASST. ENGINEER (ELECTRICAL), TRAVANCORE DEVASWOM BOARD Exhibit-R1(d) TRUE COPY OF THE RECEIPT DATED 5.11.2024 ISSUED TO RAJESH MOHAN FOR THE COMPLAINT (APPLICATION NO.15281009-2024-5-01940) LODGED WITH CHENGANNUR POLICE STATION, REGARDING MISCONDUCT TOWARDS THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER), DIVISIONAL ACCOUNTS OFFICER, AND OFFICE STAFF Exhibit-R1(e) TRUE COPY OF THE AGREEMENT NO.PW-
141/DWD/CD/ELE/24-25 FOR WORKS DATED 13.08.2024 EXECUTED BY THE PETITIONER WITH 4TH RESPONDENT IN RESPECT OF THE WORK, URGENT REPAIRS AND REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING OLD AND DAMAGED ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT THE TEMPLE STRUCTURE, NADAPPANTHAL, STAGE, AUDITORIUM, GOPURAM, KANIKKA VANCHI, AND YARD LIGHTS IN SASTHAMKOTTA DEVASWOM
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