Citation : 2025 Latest Caselaw 9457 Kant
Judgement Date : 28 October, 2025
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WP No. 12689 of 2021
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R
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 28TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2025
BEFORE
THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S VISHWAJITH SHETTY
WRIT PETITION NO. 12689 OF 2021 (GM-CPC)
BETWEEN:
SMT. SOKKAMMA
SINCE DEAD BY HER L.R
M. BYRAPPA
S/O CHIKKAMUNISWAMAPPA
AGED ABOUT 72 YEARS
R/AT SIDDAPURA VILLAGE
VARTHUR HOBLI
BANGALORE EAST TALUK - 560 087.
...PETITIONER
(BY SRI VARADARAJAN M.S, ADV.)
AND:
1 . H.N. SONNAPPA
S/O LATE NANJUNDAPPA
AGED ABOUT 60 YEARS
Digitally
R/AT HAGADUR VILLAGE
signed by K.R. PURAM HOBLI - 560 066
NANDINI M S BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
Location:
HIGH COURT
OF 2 . H.M. KRISHNAPPA
KARNATAKA S/O NARAYANAPPA
AGED ABOUT 62 YEARS
R/AT HAGADUR VILLAGE
K.R. PURAM HOBLI - 560 066
BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
3 . SHOBHA
W/O MANJUANTHA
AGED ABOUT 65 YEARS.
4 . KALPANA
W/O RAVI KUMAR
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AGED ABOUT 60 YEARS.
RESPONDENTS 3 & 4 ARE
R/AT PATALAMMA LAYOUT KADUGODI, KADUGODI POST BANGALORE - 560 067.
5 . KEMPAMMA W/O LATE HANUMANTHAPPA AGED ABOUT 75 YEARS R/AT HAGADUR VILLAGE K.R. PURAM HOBLI - 560 066 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
6 . BYRAMMA W/O ANJANAPPA AGED ABOUT 65 YEARS R/AT IMMADAHALLI VILLAGE AND POST, VIA WHITEFILED BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK - 560 066.
7 . MENASAMMA W/O SRI NAGAPPA AGED ABOUT 63 YEARS R/AT KADADENAHALLI VILLAGE MALUR TALUK, KOLAR DISTRICT - 563 130.
8 . NANJAMMA S/O SRI KRISHNAPPA AGED ABOUT 61 YEARS R/AT HAGADUR VILALGE IMMADAHALLI POST WHITEFILED - 560 066 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
9 . LASKHMAMMA W/O SRI KRISHNAPPA AGED ABOUT 57 YEARS R/AT SHANBHOGANAHALLI RAJANUKUNTE ROAD AND POST BANGALORE NORTH TALUK PINCODE - 561 203.
10 . RADHAMMA W/O SRI MUNIYAPPA
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AGED ABOUT 55 YEARS R/O CHANNAKALLU MALUR TALUK KOLAR DISTRICT - 563 130.
C.J. ABDUL KAREEM SHARIFF SINCE DEAD BY LRS
11 . ABDUL WAHAB SHARIFF S/O ABDUL KAREEM SHARIFF AGED ABOUT 50 YEARS
KOGILU LAYOUT KOGILU BELAHALLI CROSS ROAD KOGILU, YELAHANKA BANGALORE - 560 064.
12 . C.J. MEHABOOB MUNNAVARA SULTHAN S/O C.K. JAFFER SHERIFF AGED ABOUT 60 YEARS.
13 . AMEENABEE AGED ABOUT 57 YEARS.
14 . C.J. JEHRA JABBIN SULTHANA AGED ABOUT 55 YEARS.
RESPONDENTS 12 TO 14 ARE R/AT NO.48, HAYNES ROAD BANGALORE - 560 005.
15 . SMT. BEGUM W/O C.J. KADAR NAWAB SHARIFF AGED ABOUT 60 YEARS.
16 . MUNNA D/O C.J. KADAR NAWAB SHARIFF AGED ABOUT 57 YEARS.
17 . ALTAJ BAI S/O C.J. KADAR NAWAB SHARIFF AGED ABOUT 55 YEARS.
RESPONDENTS 15 TO 17 ARE
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R/AT NO.48, HAYNES ROAD BANGALORE - 560 005.
18 . N. NAGARAJA S/O NAGAPPA AGED ABOUT 70 YEARS R/AT GARUDACHARPALYA K.R. PURAM HOBLI - 560 048 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
19 . P.M. NAGARAJA S/O LATE MARIYAPPA AGED ABOUT 68 YEARS R/AT PANATHUR VILLAGE VARTHUR HOBLI - 560 087 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
20 . VENKATARAMANAPPA H/O LATE RAMAKKA AGED ABOUT 80 YEARS R/AT HAGADUR VILLAGE K.R. PURAM HOBLI - 560 066 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
21 . RAMESHA S/O LATE RAMAKKA AGED ABOUT 55 YEARS R/AT HAGADUR VILLAGE K R PURAM HOBLI - 560 066 BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK.
...RESPONDENTS (BY SRI V. ANAND, ADV., FOR R-1;
SRI H.S. DWARKANATH, ADV., FOR R-2; V/O/D 15.07.2021 NOTICE TO R-3 TO R-21 IS D/W)
THIS WP IS FILED UNDER ARTICLE 227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PRAYING TO QUASH/SET ASIDE THE ORDER DATED 09.02.2021 AND 08.03.2021 PASSED ON LAs 5 AND 6 FILED BY THE R-1 AND 2 IN FDP 26/2005 ON THE FILE OF THE V ADDL. SENIOR CIVIL JUDGE, BANGALORE RURAL DISTRICT ANNEXURE-A.
THIS PETITION, HAVING BEEN RESEREVED FOR ORDERS ON 10.10.2025, COMING ON FOR PRONOUNCEMENT THIS DAY, COURT MADE THE FOLLOWING:
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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S VISHWAJITH SHETTY
CAV ORDER
(PER: HON'BLE MR JUSTICE S VISHWAJITH SHETTY)
1. This writ petition under Article 227 of the
Constitution of India is filed by the legal representatives of
plaintiff no.1 seeking for the following releifs.
"a. Quash / Set-aside the order dated 09.02.2021 and 08.03.2021 passed on I.As 5 & 6 filed by respondents No.1 and 2 in F.D.P.26/2005 on the file of the V Addl. Senior Civil Judge, Bangalore Rural District (Annexure-A) b. Dismiss the said I.As filed by respondents no.1 & 2 in F.D.P. 26/2005 on the file of the V Addl. Senior Civil Judge, Bangalore Rural District.
c. Direct the F.D.P. Court to complete the proceedings as expeditiously as possible, having regard to the age of the original suit as well as that of the F.D.P. by allowing this writ petition, in the interest of justice".
2. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties.
3. The plaintiffs had filed O.S.No.84/1992 seeking the
relief of partition and separate possession of their share in the
suit schedule properties. The suit was contested by the
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defendants. The Trial Court by judgment and decree dated
28.02.2005 had decreed the suit and preliminary decree was
accordingly drawn. The said judgment and decree passed in
O.S.No.84/1992 was confirmed in appeal by this Court.
Thereafter, the plaintiffs had filed FDP No.26/2005 before the
trial Court and in the said proceedings, respondent no.1 herein,
who was defendant no.5 in the suit had filed I.A.No.V to include
one property which was left out in the preliminary decree
passed in O.S.No.84/1992. He had sought for partition and
division of the said property amongst the plaintiffs and
defendants proportionately along with other suit schedule
properties. The said application was opposed by plaintiff no.1.
Similar application was filed in I.A.No.6 by respondent no.2
herein, who was defendant no.6 in the suit. The trial court vide
the order impugned allowed the said applications and being
aggrieved by the same, legal representatives of deceased
plaintiff no.1 is before this Court.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioners having
reiterated the grounds urged in the petition submits that, since
property which was not subject matter of the preliminary
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decree passed in O.S.No.84/1992 is sought to be included in
the preliminary decree by filing application in the final decree
proceedings, in view of the judgment passed in the case of
CHANNAVEERAPPA GOWDA V RENUKAPPA GOWDA -
2014(3) KCCR 2214, the trial court was not justified in
allowing the application. Learned counsel for the petitioners
submits that the judgment on which reliance has been placed
by the trial court is irrelevant and not applicable to the facts of
this case. The property which is now sought to be included in
the preliminary decree was sold by plaintiff no.1 on 12.03.2007
under a registered sale deed for family necessity and therefore
the same is not available for partition. He accordingly prays to
allow the petition.
5. Per contra, learned counsel for contesting
respondents who has argued in support of the impugned order
submits that the averments found in the sale deed dated
12.03.2007 would clearly go to show that the property which
was sold under the registered sale deed is a joint family
property. The plaintiffs had left out the said property in
O.S.No.84/1992 and after a decree was passed in the said suit
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on 28.02.2005, the plaintiff no.1 had clandestinely sold the said
property for valid consideration. He submits that since property
was brought for sale after the preliminary decree was drawn in
O.S.No.84/1992, it cannot be said that the property was sold
for family necessity. He further submits that the Hon'ble
supreme Court in the case of PHOOLCHAND AND ANOTHER
V. GOPAL LAL - AIR 1967 SUPREME COURT 1470 has held
that in a suit for partition multiple preliminary decrees can be
drawn to avoid multiplicity of proceedings. Therefore, the trial
court was justified in allowing the application. He submits that
on the merits of the case plaintiffs have opportunity to file their
statement and counter the prayer made by the defendant.
Accordingly, he prays to dismiss the petition.
6. The undisputed facts of the case are,
O.S.No.94/1992 was filed by the petitioners herein and two
others with a prayer for granting decree of partition and
separate possession of suit schedule A, B, C and D properties,
to declare that sale deed dated 02.09.1991 executed in favour
of defendants no.12 and 13 and sale deed dated 02.09.1991 in
favour of defendant nos.7 to 11 were not binding on plaintiffs
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and also for mesne profits. The said suit was decreed insofar as
the first two prayers are concerned and was dismissed in
respect of the prayer for mesne profits. The challenge made to
the said judgment and decree by the defendants, in RFA
No.777/2005 and RFA NO.778/2005 were rejected by this
Court and thereafter FDP.No.26/2005 was initiated before the
Trial Court by the plaintiffs.
7. Respondent no.1 and 2 herein who were the
defendant nos.5 and 6 in O.S.No.84/1992 had filed two
separate applications in FDP No.26/2005 with a prayer to
include property bearing survey No.78/2 measuring 2 acres 10
guntas situated at Siddapura village, Varthur Hobli, Bengaluru
South Taluka in the preliminary decree and had sought for
partition and separate possession of the said property in terms
of judgment and decree passed in O.S.84/1992. The said
applications were opposed by the plaintiffs contending that if
the property in question was available for partition, nothing
prevented the defendants from bringing the said fact to the
notice of trial Court during the pendency of the suit or
thereafter to the notice of this Court. It was also contended
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that the purchaser of the land in question, which was sold in
the year 2007 is not a party to the proceedings.
8. According to the learned counsel for the petitioners
property in question was sold under the registered sale deed
dated 12.03.2007, whereas preliminary decree in O.S.84/1992
was passed on 28.02.2005. Therefore, as rightly contended by
the learned counsel for the contesting respondents, sale of
property in question cannot be considered as a sale for the
necessity of the family. In the preamble of the sale deed dated
12.3.2007 under which the plaintiffs have sold the property in
question in favour of one Sri Lakshmana Raju, it is clearly
stated that the property in question was owned by
Hanumanthappa aliyas Appanna, who is the son of the
propositus of the family, namely Chikka Hanumanthappa.
Therefore, there is prima-facie material to show that the land in
question was a joint family property. However, the plaintiffs
had not brought the said property for partition in
O.S.No.84/1992 and on the other hand after a preliminary
decree was drawn in O.S. No.84/1992, the property in question
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has been sold by plaintiff no.1 under a registered sale deed in
favour of third party for valid sale consideration.
9. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of
PHOOLCHAND (supra) at paragraph no.7 has observed as
follows:
"7. We are of opinion that there is nothing in the Code of Civil Procedure which prohibits the passing of more than one preliminary decree if circumstances justify the same and that it may be necessary to do so particularly in partition suits when after the preliminary decree some parties die and shares of other parties are thereby augmented. We have already said that it is not disputed that in partition suits the court can do so even after the preliminary decree is passed. It would in our opinion be convenient to the court and advantageous to the parties, specially in partition suits, to have disputed rights finally settled and 8 specification of shares in the preliminary decree varied before a final decree is prepared. If this is done, there is a clear determination of the rights of parties to the suit on the question in dispute and we see no difficulty in holding that in such cases there is a decree deciding these disputed rights; if so, there is no reason why a second preliminary decree correcting the shares in a partition suit cannot be passed by the court. So far therefore as partition suits are concerned we have no doubt that if an event transpires after the preliminary decree which necessitates a change in shares, the court can and should do so; and if there is a dispute in that behalf, the order of the court deciding that dispute and making variation in shares specified
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in the preliminary decree already passed is a decree in itself which would be liable to appeal. We should however like to point out that what we are saying must be confined to partition suits, for we are not concerned in the present appeal with other kinds of suits in which also preliminary and final decrees are passed. There is no prohibition in the Code of Civil Procedure against passing a second preliminary decree in such circumstances and we do not see why we should rule out a second preliminary decree in such circumstances only on the ground that the Code of Civil Procedure does not contemplate such a possibility. In any case if two views are possible- and obviously this is so because the High Courts have differed on the question-we would prefer the view taken by the High Courts which hold that a second preliminary decree can be passed, particularly in partition suits where parties have died after the preliminary decree and shares specified in the preliminary decree have to be adjusted. We see no reason why in such a case if there is dispute, it should not be decided by the court which passed the preliminary decree, for it must not be forgotten that the suit is not over till the final decree is passed and the court has jurisdiction to decide all disputes that may arise after the preliminary decree, particularly in a partition suit due to deaths of some of the parties. Whether there can be more than one final decree does not arise in the present appeal and on that we express no opinion. We therefore hold that in the circumstances of this case it was open to the court to draw up a fresh preliminary decree as two of the parties had died after the preliminary decree and before the final decree was passed. Further as there was dispute between the surviving parties as to devolution of the shares of the parties who were dead and that dispute was
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decided by the trial court in the present case and thereafter the preliminary decree already passed was amended, the decision amounted to a decree and was liable to appeal. We therefore agree with the view taken by the High Court that in such circumstances a second preliminary decree can be passed in partition suits by which the shares allotted in the preliminary decree already passed can be amended and if there is dispute between surviving parties in that behalf and that dispute is decided the decision amounts to a decree. We should however like to make it clear that this can only be done so long as the final decree has not been passed. We therefore reject this contention of the appellant."
10. In the case of GANDURI KOTESHWARAMMA
AND ANR V. CHAKIRIYANADI AND ANR - (2011) 9 SCC
788 reiterating the principles laid down in the case of
PHOOLCHAND (supra), the Hon'ble Supreme Court at
paragraph no.14 has observed as follows:
"14. A preliminary decree determines the rights and interests of the parties. The suit for partition is not disposed of by passing of the preliminary decree. It is by a final decree that the immovable property of joint Hindu family is partitioned by metes and bounds. After the passing of the preliminary decree, the suit continues until the final decree is passed. If in the interregnum i.e. after passing of the preliminary decree and before the final decree is passed, the events and supervening circumstances occur necessitating change in shares, there is no impediment for the court to amend the preliminary decree or pass another preliminary decree redetermining the rights and interests of the parties having regard to the changed situation".
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11. The Coordinate Bench of this Court in the case of
CHANNAVEERAPPA GOWDA (supra) having referred to the
judgment in the case of PHOOLCHAND (supra) and GANDURI
(supra) in paragraph no.13 has observed as follows:
"13. However, this principle cannot be extended to include a property which was not the subject matter of the suit, at the time of passing of the preliminary decree. Variation of shares already declared in the property which is the subject matter of the suit is totally different from varying the subject matter of the suit. The reason being that what is the share to which a party to a suit is entitled to in law is purely a question of law, whereas a share in a property is dependent on the nature of the property which is purely a question of fact, which is to be decided on the facts and circumstances of the case based on the evidence adduced. Therefore, once a preliminary decree is passed in respect of the subject matter of the suit, question of including or adding a property to the subject matter of the suit subsequently and claiming a share in respect of the property so included or added is not permissible in law. In respect of the said property a separate suit is maintainable, if sufficient cause is shown for its exclusion in the earlier suit for partition. However, on the ground final decree is not yet passed, the said property cannot be included in the suit after passing of the preliminary decree or a second preliminary decree cannot be passed nor can it be the subject matter of final decree proceedings. Further, if a property which was not the subject matter of a suit, were to be included at the stage of Final Decree Proceedings, evidence has to be recorded to decide whether it is a Joint Family Property or not and if the parties to the suit have share therein or not. By chance if a property belonging to the Joint family could not be included in the suit, a second suit for partition of the property so left out is not maintainable. But if there
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are acceptable reasons for not including the property in the suit, a second suit for its partition would still be maintainable. The Court would also have no such power even U/s 153 of CPC to include a property suo moto. A suit ordinarily means a Civil proceeding instituted by presenting a plaint".
12. In the case of CHANNAVEERAPPA GOWDA
(supra) it has been observed that by chance if a property
belonging to the joint family property could not be included in
the suit, a second suit for partition of the so left out property is
not maintainable. If there are acceptable reasons for not
including the property in the suit, a second suit for partition
would still be maintainable. Therefore, for maintaining a second
suit, the party approaching the Court must prove that, for
acceptable reasons the property in the suit was not included in
the earlier suit.
13. In the case on hand, defendant nos.5 and 6 who
have filed applications in I.A.No.V and VI have contented that
property in question was left out in the suit for partition filed by
the plaintiffs and after a preliminary decree was passed in the
suit, the property in question has been brought for sale by the
plaintiff no.1. According to the learned counsel for petitioners
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sale was for family necessity and thereby it is admitted that the
property in question was a joint family property.
14. In the case of SHEO PUJAN RAI & ORS. V. RAM
EKBAL RAI & ORS - AIR 2008 PATNA 50, the High Court of
Patna has held that some properties which had been left out in
the suit filed for relief of partition and separate possession in
which a preliminary decree is drawn, could be included in the
schedule of the final decree proceedings, if the properties are
covered under the same set of facts on which the learned Trial
Court had passed a preliminary decree. It is made clear that
such inclusion would neither change the nature of suit nor it
would take the other side by surprise, and on the other hand,
such addition deems necessary to settle the controversy as a
whole and prevent multiplicity of suits and proceedings.
Therefore, it is held that in such an event incorporation of the
left out properties in the schedule appended to the final decree
proceedings in terms of order VI rule 17 of CPC is proper.
Similar view has been taken by the High Court of Andhra
Pradesh in the case of SOMEREDDI BURRAYYA V.
SOMIREDDI ATCHAYYAMMA - AIR 1959 AP 26.
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15. In the case of SMT. JANAKI V. SMT. LALITHA &
ORS - 2016 AIR CC 230 (KAR) - (2015) 5 KCCR 455 the
point no.(2) that was considered by a coordinate bench of this
Court reads as follows :-
"1) XXX
2) Whether the property or properties could be added to the schedule of the final decree proceedings which had not been the subject matter of the suit filed for partition and separate possession?
Considering the judgment of the High Court of Andhra
Pradesh in the case of SOMEREDDI BURRAYYA (supra) the
judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of PHOOLCHAND
(supra) and the judgment of High Court of Patna in the case of
SHEO PUJAN RAI (supra) this Court in the case of SMT.
JANAKI (supra) at paragraph nos.20 to 23 had answered point
no.2 as follows:
"20. Point no.(2): If the court dealing with a suit for partition can conclusively decide the rights of the parties on the basis of the shares already declared in the preliminary decree in terms of order 20 Rule 18(2) of CPC and when court can draw any number of preliminary decrees after the first preliminary decree is passed in suit for partition, inclusion of any property left out earlier cannot be called as incorrect or improper. Parties
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opposing such inclusion will be given an opportunity to file written statement as against such inclusion and the court is expected to pass one more preliminary decree in respect of property newly included deciding as to whether the property is liable for partition and if so what exactly is the share of the parties.
21. Apart from this, court can also consider other aspects like the inclusion being hit by provisions of Order 2 Rule 2 of CPC or estoppel and limitation if property in question had been alienated to third party. It is not as though that the inclusion of a property in the schedule by way of amendment, would automatically entitle the party who has included that property seeking share. Such an inclusion is always subject to a full fledged trial based on the pleadings of the parties and another preliminary decree which is appealable in terms of Section 96 of CPC read with Section 41 of CPC.
22. In paragraph 7 of the decision rendered in Phoolchand's case, it is held that passing of more than one preliminary decree is permissible if circumstances justify the same. It is further held that so far as partition of suits are concerned, the court has got powers to alter the change in share if an event transpires after the preliminary decree. Though Apex Court was concerned with the alternation of the shares because of death of one of the parties in Phoolchand's case, the High Court of Patna in the case of Shub Karan and the High Court of Andhra Pradesh in the case of Somereddi have relied upon the decision of Phoolchand for amplifying that even if a property is left out in the preliminary decree can be the subject matter in the final decree proceedings in order to avoid multiplicity of suits and there could be another decree after a full-fledged trial.
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23. In the present case, the case of the plaintiff is that she was unaware of the property held by her father and by oversight she had forgotten to include 3.30 acres of land in the schedule appended to the plaint filed by her earlier. Contesting defendant No.1 who is respondent No.1 herein has admitted in unequivocal terms that the property now sought to be included belonged to her father as well as the father of plaintiff and that it was his absolute property and the same has been given to her. If the property in question belonged to the father of the plaintiff and defendant No.1 and if there was no division, both of them would be entitled to share. Whether the father of the defendant No.1 has conveyed the property to defendant No.1 or whether the property now sought to be included has been bequeathed in favour of plaintiff and such other contentious issues will have to be decided after recording evidence of the parties. If the defendant No.1 has any valid defence to be raised as against the inclusion, nothing comes in the way of defendant No.1 to file objections in the form of written statement, on the basis of which, proper issues will have to be framed and evidence will have to be recorded and the court has to give its finding on the nature of the property and such other relevant issues. Therefore, inclusion of left out properties in the final decree proceedings is justified and proper There is no reason to take a view contrary to the one taken by the Hon'ble High court of Patna in Sheo Punja Rai's case in which the decision in the case of Poolchand is referred to and relied upon. Hence point no.(2) is answered in the affirmative".
16. In the case of S SATNAM SINGH AND ORS. V.
SURENDER KAUR AND ANR. - (2009) 2 SCC 562, the
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Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that the High Court had erred
in holding that additional properties cannot be added for
partition in the preliminary decree after the preliminary decree
attained finality in terms of Section 97 of the Code. It was
observed in the said case that Section 97 of the Code would not
be a bar to file an application for amendment of decree.
17. In the present case, one of the property which was
left out in the earlier suit was sought to be included in the
schedule appended to the final decree proceedings. In the
preamble of the sale deed under which the property in question
was sold, it is clearly stated that property belonged to one
Hanumanthappa aliyas Appanna, who is the son of propositus
of the family namely Chikka Hanumanthappa. The said property
is sold after the preliminary decree was passed in
O.S.No.84/1992 and according to the petitioners sale was for
family necessity. By raising such contention, petitioners have
admitted that property in question is a joint family property and
if that is so, they are required to prove the same. The plaintiffs
have an opportunity before the trial Court to file their
statement opposing the partition of the property in question
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and the Court will be obliged to frame issue on the basis of
pleadings of the parties and thereafter give its finding based on
the oral and documentary evidence placed on record.
18. In the case of PHOOLCHAND (supra) the Hon'ble
Supreme Court has held that any number of preliminary
decrees can be passed in a suit for partition and therefore, I do
not find any illegality or irregularity in the event a property
which is left out in the earlier suit is sought to be partitioned by
including the same in the final decree proceeding, for which
separate preliminary decree can be drawn which is subject to
an appeal as provided under section 96 of CPC. This would not
only serve the ends of justice but would also avoid multiplicity
of proceedings. Therefore, I am of the opinion that trial Court
was fully justified in allowing I.A.No.V and VI vide the order
impugned. Therefore, I do not find any good ground to
entertain the writ petition.
19. Accordingly, the writ petition is dismissed.
Sd/-
(S VISHWAJITH SHETTY) JUDGE NMS
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