Citation : 2023 Latest Caselaw 10686 Kant
Judgement Date : 15 December, 2023
1
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA, DHARWAD BENCH
DATED THIS THE 15TH DAY OF DECEMBER, 2023
PRESENT
THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE H.P.SANDESH
AND
THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE RAMACHANDRA D. HUDDAR
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.100330 OF 2022
BETWEEN:
SHANKARAPPA S/O. TIPPANNA KORAVAR
@ GUDAGERI @ BHAJANTRI,
AGE: 34 YEARS, OCC: CRPF POLICE CONSTABLE,
R/O: BETADUR, TALUK: KANDAGOL-581113.
...APPELLANT
(BY SRI. PRASHANT MATHAPATI, ADVOCATE)
AND:
THE STATE OF KARNATAKA
THROUGH KUNGAGOL POLICE STATION,
REP. BY STATE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR,
HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA,
HIGH COURT BUILDING, DHARWAD.
...RESPONDENT
(BY SRI. M.B.GUNDAWADE, ADDL. STATE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR)
THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL IS FILED UNDER SECTION 374(2) OF
CR.P.C., SEEKING TO CALL FOR RECORDS ALLOW THIS APPEAL
AND SET ASIDE THE ORDER OF CONVICTION DATED 30.11.2021
AMD ORDER OF SENTENCE DATED 08.12.2021 PASSED BY THE I
ADDITIONAL DISTRICT AND SESSIONS JUDGE DHARWAD SITTING
AT HUBBALLI IN SESSIONS CASE NO.31/2011 CONVICTING AND
SENTENCING THEM FOR THEOFFENCE PUNISHABLE UNDER
SECTION 302 AND 307 OF IPC AND UNDER SECTION 25(1A) AND
27(2) OF ARMS ACT 1959 AND ACQUIT THE APPELLANT OF THE
SAID OFFENCE AND SET THEM AT LIBERTY.
2
THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN HEARD AND
RESERVED ON 11.12.2023 COMING ON FOR PRONOUNCEMENT OF
JUDGMENT THIS DAY, H.P.SANDESH, J., DELIVERED THE
FOLLOWING:
JUDGMENT
This appeal is filed challenging the judgment of conviction and
sentence passed in S.C.No.31/2011 convicting the appellant for the
offences punishable under Section 302, 307 of IPC and Section
25(1A) and 27(2) of Arms Act, 1959.
2. The factual matrix of the case of prosecution is that on
30.08.2010 between 3.00 a.m., and 4.00 a.m., in the house of PW1
Geeta Bhajantri situated at village Betadur, taluk: Kundagol,
accused No.1 fired with pistol towards first informant's husband
Yallappa Bhajantri, son Somappa Bhajantri and daughter Aishwarya
Bhajantri and caused their death. He also fired with same pistol
towards C.W.8 - Madan Bhajantri, another son of first informant
with intent to cause death and attempted to murder. He was in
illegal possession of pistol and used the same for commission
offence and committed the offences punishable under Section 307
and 302 of IPC and under Section 25 and 27(3) of Arms Act. The
charges also levelled against the accused Nos.2 and 3 being the
parents of accused No.1 have abetted him to commit the said
offences and committed the offence punishable under Section of
109 of IPC.
3. The relationship between deceased Yallappa and
accused No.3 are brother and sister to intersee. The accused No.1
and 2 are son and husband of accused No.3. The motive for
committing the murder is that the accused No.1 married the
C.W.15- Galishree the sister's daughter of CW1 and she did not
lead proper marital life and bring her mother's property situated in
Hubballi. Accused Nos.1 to 3 thought of that C.W.1 and her
husband are cause for disturbance of marital life of accused No.1
and committed the alleged offences. The accused persons were
secured before the Trial Court and took the cognizance and the
same is registered as C.C. No.173/2010 and thereafter the same
was committed to the Sessions Court and the same is re-numbered
as S.C No.31/2011.
4. The accused persons have not pleaded guilty and
accused Nos.2 and 3 were on bail and accused No.1 was in custody
and all of them are claimed the trial. The prosecution relied upon
the evidence of witnesses PW1 to PW23 and got marked Ex.P1 to
Ex.P35 documents and MO.1 to MO.13. The accused was also
examined under Section 311 of Cr.P.C and prosecution completed
their evidence and the accused did not choose to lead any defence
evidence. The Trial Court having considered the material available
on record acquitted the accused Nos.2 and 3 and convicted the
accused No.1 sentenced for the above offences. Hence, present
appeal is filed before this Court. The State not filed any appeal
against acquittal of accused Nos.2 and 3.
5. The main contention of the counsel appearing for the
appellant before this Court that the Court below ought to have seen
that there are no eye witnesses to the incident and the Court below
based on the evidence of particularly PW1 to PW4 and PW6 has
come to a wrong conclusion that this appellant/accused committed
the murder of three victims. The mere say of witnesses that they
have seen the accused near the house of the deceased could not
have been the ground for conviction. The very identity of accused
by PW9, PW1 to PW4 and PW6 has not been proved. The Trial Court
has presumed that the accused was seen near the house of the
deceased. Inspite of there are several other contradictions, believed
the evidence of witnesses PW3, PW4 and PW6 and mainly relied
upon the inconsistent evidence. The MOs' alleged to have been
recovered at the instance of the accused has not been proved. The
identity of the articles itself is not proved. Inspite of it, the Trial
Court has committed an error and not appreciated the evidence in a
proper prospective. In order to arrive for a conclusion that accused
only had committed the offences, the prosecution has not produced
any tangible evidence and no motive for committing a alleged crime
also. Under these circumstances judgment of conviction is
unsustainable. The eye witnesses to the incident are partisan
witnesses and due to prior enmity they have falsely implicated
innocent appellant as a accused and hence, the counsel also prays
for acquittal of the accused. The counsel also would submits that
the accused was not at the spot and also not proved that the
weapon belongs to the accused. None of the witnesses have spoken
positively that this accused only has committed the murder.
6. Per Contra, the counsel appearing for the State in his
argument would vehemently contend that Ex.P23, Ex.P25 and
Ex.P27 are the P.M reports and the reports clearly establish that it
is a case of homicidal. The counsel also would vehemently contend
that PW1 and PW2 are the eye witnesses who have witnessed the
incident and the PW2 is also an injured witness and the evidence of
the PW1 and PW2 is credible. There was no any prior enmity to
depose against the accused. The witness PW6 also speaks that he
has given the Motor Cycle at the request of the accused and he fled
away from the place of the incident. The prosecution also mainly
relies upon the evidence of PW12 and this witness is a
circumstantial witness who came to the spot immediately after
hearing the sound and these are the believable evidence. The PW13
apprehended the accused.
7. The counsel also would vehemently contend that the
motive for committing the offence is that the victims i.e., the
husband of the PW1 and the PW1 have not allowed his wife to lead
marital life with him. The counsel also would vehemently contend
that the evidence of PW17 is also Doctor who treated the PW2
injured corroborates the case of prosecution. The weapon is also a
illegal weapon and the same is unlicensed. The prosecution mainly
relies upon the substantial piece of evidence. The prosecution also
relied upon on the evidence of PW21 who is the ballistic expert
evidence and minor contradictions will not go to the very root of the
case of the prosecution. When the incriminating evidence has been
put to the accused under Section 313 of Cr.P.C and he has not
offered any explanation as against the incriminating evidence. The
PW9 is wife of the accused who has also supported the case of
prosecution. The Trial Court taken note of the evidence of all these
witnesses and rightly convicted the accused No.1 and not
committed any error.
8. Having heard the appellant's counsel and also the
counsel appearing for State - Addl. SPP and also on consideration of
material available on record, the point that would arise for the
consideration of this Court are:
1) Whether the Trial Court committed an error in convicting the accused for the offences invoked against him and whether it requires interference?
2) What Order?
POINT No.1:
9. Having considered the grounds urged in the appeal as
well as oral submission of respective appellant's counsel and also
the counsel appearing for the State, this Court has to re-analyze
the material available on record. The prosecution mainly relies upon
the evidence of PW1 to PW23 and the documentary evidence of
Ex.P1 to Ex.P35 and MO.1 to MO.13. Having considered both oral
and documentary evidence and MOs', the MO.7 is the pistol which
was used for committing the alleged murder.
10. The Court has to take note of the evidence of the PW21
who is the ballistic expert witness and also the evidence of the
Doctor who conducted the P.M on the dead body. Having perused
the evidence of PW21 -N.G.Prabhakar and his evidence is very
clear that he had examined MO.6 - three Pistol Cartridges and his
evidence is clear that those MOs' were used through the Pistol-
MO.7 examined by him. He used live bullets to examine the weapon
and MO.11- two Pistol Cartridges line and he identified the MO.8 to
MO.10 bottle sent to him along with sample skin and MO.7- Pistol.
The evidence of PW21 is clear that the said Pistol was used and the
same was is in order and its effect is almost 20 gajas and he gave
the report in terms of Ex.P30. He also identifies signature on Ex.P29
and b1 to b3 are used in the very same Pistol. In the cross-
examination, it is elicited that any person can use unlicensed Pistol,
but he claims that the same is illegal. It is suggested that he did
not examine those cartridges and the said suggestion was denied.
However, he admits that he did not mention the distance of the
firing. It is suggested that without examining the cartridges, at the
instance of the Police he gave the opinion and the said suggestion
was denied. It is suggested that MO.7 is unconnected to this
incident and the said suggestion was denied. In the cross-
examination of this witness, nothing is elicited to disbelieve the
evidence of PW21 except making suggestion that he did not
examine MO.7 and cartridges.
11. The other witness is PW20 who conducted P.M report of
Yallappa Bhajantri and he gave the opinion in terms of Ex.P23 and
Ex.P24 and so also P.M report of Kumari Aishwarya in terms of
Ex.P25 and Ex.P26 and P.M report of Somappa and he gave the
opinion in terms of the Ex.P27 and Ex.P28 and Doctor identifies the
signature on the said documents as Ex.P23(a) to Ex.P28(a). The
Doctor also mentioned the nature of the injuries in respect of all
these dead bodies and also it is his evidence that he took skin
samples from all the three dead bodies from the place near entry
wound and exit wound and handed over to the police to forward to
FSL for opinion and also verified the FSL report which is marked as
Ex.P29. In the cross-examination, it is elicited that time of death is
not mentioned in P.M examination report, but witness volunteers
that in view of presence of rigor martis death was within 24 hours.
It is suggested that he has not borrowed the samples of this case
immediately and the said suggestion was denied. It is also elicited
that he has not mentioned the shape of injuries and volunteers that
he wrote that they were distorted.
12. Having perused the evidence of the witnesses PW20
and PW21 i.e., medical evidence regarding nature of injuries and
also the bullet injuries in terms of the evidence of PW21, it is clear
that it is a case of homicidal and by shot took the life of three
persons and nothing is elicited from the mouth of the PW20 also
except suggesting that he as not forwarded the samples of this case
immediately. But, it is elicited that samples collection could be sent
to Police Station immediately. No doubt it is elicited from the
evidence of PW20 that he has not mentioned the shape of the
injuries and the fact that the evidence of PW21 is clear that the
injuries are bullet injuries. Having perused these evidence it is clear
that all the three persons died on account of bullet injuries and the
same are by using MO.7. The Trial Court also taken note of the
evidence of PW20 and PW21 in order to comes to a conclusion that
it is a case of homicidal. Hence, we do not find any error committed
by the Trial Court in coming to the conclusion that there is an
account of homicidal and documentary evidence of Ex.P23 to
Ex.P29 and also the opinion of the PW21 in terms of Ex.P29 and
Ex.P30 substantiate the case of the prosecution as homicidal.
13. Now, we have to examine the aspect with regard to
committing of the murder by using unlicensed weapon and making
an attempt to take away the life of PW2, Court has to consider the
material available on record. The PW1 is the eye witness to the
incident and she had witnessed the incident and prior to the
incident also PW1 claims that the accused and CW.15 i.e., who has
been examined as PW9 was not cordial. It is her evidence that in
the midnight the accused No.1 came to their house and she opened
the door and also she has provided the food at his request. It is
also her evidence that her husband was sleeping and the accused
who is having the pistol immediately shot her husband and when he
showed the pistol on her side, she pulled him and got it closed the
door, but he opened the door and immediately she ran from the
place. At that time, CW8 and his daughter also started running
towards her and her son Somu was also in the house, she heard
another shot sound while running and he shot her son Somu also
and the accused was chasing her and he had shot her daughter
Aishwarya also and inflicted injury to CW8 i.e., PW2 and he was
scolding that he will not allow her to live. He committed murder of
her husband, son and daughter. It is also her evidence that the
accused No.1 went and took the Motor Cycle of CW11 and she
came to know the same later. The PW1 gave the complaint in terms
of Ex.P1. The PW1 also speaks with regard to the conducting of
mahazar and seizure of cartridges. In the cross-examination it is
elicited that he came at around midnight and she only opened the
door. It is suggested that she did not witness shooting the CW8 and
her daughter Aishwarya and the said suggestion was denied. It is
also her evidence that her husband and two children have sustained
bullet injuries and as a result, she lost her husband, son and
daughter.
14. The other witness who is injured witness and also he is
the son of PW1 and he also says that the accused No.1 came and
knocked the door and his mother opened the door and the accused
No.1 fired on his father and his mother PW1 pulled him and she
started running, he himself and his sister Aishwarya followed the
mother and her brother Somu was requesting the accused No.1 not
to shoot him but, he shot him also. Suddenly, the CW1 i.e., PW1
ran towards the house of CW9 and he also shot the Aishwarya and
when he is trying to woke up her, he also fired him, as a result he
sustained injury to his right hand and he also fell down like lost his
breath and he examined his breath and shot in the air. He came at
around 1 'O' clock to his house and the incident was taken place at
around 2.00 a.m., immediately he was taken to hospital in an
ambulance. This witness was subjected to cross-examination and in
the cross-examination the suggestion was made that the accused
did not come to his house and demanded any food and not took
any food and the said suggestion was denied. He says that his
father was also sleeping but he was not slept and no talks were
held between his father and the accused No.1. It is suggested that
no time was asked by the accused No.1 to his mother and at that
time he did not shot his father and the said suggestion was denied.
Further suggestion was made that he did not fire him, his sister and
his brother all these suggestions are denied. In the cross-
examination of PW1 and PW2 also nothing is elicited except making
the suggestion to the witness that the accused did not shot
anybody in his presence.
15. The other circumstantial evidence is PW3, when he
heard the knocking of door sound by the PW1, he opened and
allowed the PW1 to enter his house and he heard the sound of the
accused No.1 shot the CW8 as well as Aishwarya, the CW8 and
Aishwarya are also sustained injuries. This witness is only a
circumstantial witness. In the cross-examination, he admits that he
came to know the reason for the incident subsequently, but he
categorically admits that he did not witness the incident, but he
heard the sound. It is suggested that he did not allow the PW1 to
enter into the house and the said suggestion is denied.
16. The other witness is PW6, in his evidence he says that
the accused No.1 came at around 2.30 a.m., and asked his Motor
Cycle saying that Yallappa is not keeping good health, hence he
gave the bike and he came to know the incident at around 4.00
a.m., and also he says that he had given the Motor Cycle to
accused No.1. In the cross-examination he categorically admits that
except giving of vehicle, he has not stated anything to the Police. It
is suggested that he had given instructions to accused No.1 to
make the policy, but he did not do that and hence he is having an
enmity and the said suggestion was denied.
17. The other witness is PW12, in his evidence he says that
on 30.08.2010 in the night he heard 3-4 shots sound and the PW1
was also knocked the door of CW9 and CW8 and Aishwarya were
running behind the CW1 and at that time, the accused No.1 fired at
Aishwarya and she fell down and also fired against PW2 and he has
sustained injury to his right hand and the PW1 rushed inside the
house of CW9 and accused No.1 also fired towards the house of
CW9 and thereafter he left the spot in Motor Cycle. He came to
know the accused No.1 took the Motor Cycle from CW11. It is
suggested that the accused No.1 did not fire against Aishwarya and
he did not witness the incident and the same was also denied. He
claims that he was at the distance of 15-20 feet from the accused
No.1. It is suggested that he did not witness using of MO.7 and the
said suggestion was denied.
18. The other witness PW13, he speaks with regard to the
arresting of the accused on 31.08.2010 at 4.30 p.m., and causing
injury to the PW17 and he himself and the CW18 held the accused
and he identifies the accused before the Court. In the cross-
examination, suggestion was made that he himself and CW18 are
not held him and the said suggestion was denied and the
suggestion was made that he has been falsely implicated in the
case and the said suggestion was also denied.
19. The other witness is PW17 who examined the injured
Madan Bhajantri and found right humorous bone was fractured and
the same was gun shot injury. He issued wound certificate in terms
of Ex.P21. In the cross-examination he admits that he has not
mentioned signs forthcoming from the injury, body and cloth wore
by injured and he has not preserved the clothes of the injured to
hand over to Police.
20. The other witness is PW23- Investigating Officer who
conducted the investigation, who has received the Ex.P1 and also
conducted of the mahazar in terms of Ex.P9 and also in terms of
Ex.P10- photo and made request to conduct the P.M examination
and seizure of the articles at the spot and got the P.M report and he
has sent CW27 and CW28 to Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir CRPF
office and seizure of articles and received the information that no
permission was given to purchase the Pistol and obtained the FSL
report and the same are marked as Ex.P29 and Ex.P31. This
witness was also subjected to cross-examination. In the cross-
examination suggestion was made with regard to no threat was
caused to anybody else and also he did not fire any victims and he
has been falsely implicated in the case and the said suggestions are
denied.
21. Having considered both oral and documentary evidence
available on record, particularly the deposition of PW1 who is an
eye witness to the incident and the PW2 is also injured witness and
the PW12 also an eye witness who is the circumstantial witness
who came out from the house after hearing the firing sound. The
PW12 witnessed the incident of firing the accused against the victim
Aishwarya and also on her brother PW2 Madan Bhajantri and having
considered the evidence of PW17-Doctor, who conducted the
examination of injured witness i.e., PW2, he had sustained bullet
injuries. The evidence of PW1, PW2 and PW12 is consistent and also
it is the evidence of PW6 that who went to the house of PW6 on the
very same day in the early morning and took the Motor Cycle
saying that one Yallappa is not having good health and he is in
need of Motor Cycle. In the evidences of these witnesses nothing is
elicited with regard to any animosity against this accused that they
are having animosity to depose against the accused.
22. It is also important to note that on the very same day,
the accused was apprehended by PW13. No doubt CW17 was not
examined who had sustained injury at the instance of this accused
with the connection with other crime and the same is not fatal to
the case of the prosecution. It is also important to note that PW1
had spoken about the motive for committing the series of murder
i.e., her husband one of the victim and this PW1 were not allowed
the wife of the accused to lead marital life with him. It is not in
dispute that they are not the relatives of his wife. It is also
important to note that PW9 who is the wife of the accused also
spoken about her marriage with the accused on 19.05.2010 and
also causing threat on her and also suspecting her fidelity and also
causing her threat to join him and earlier also she gave complaint
against him in Mahila Police Station and she came to know about
causing of death of husband of PW1 and two children. In the cross-
examination of PW9 also nothing is elicited with regard to the
conduct of the accused. Having considered the evidence of PW17
who treated the PW2 injured witness and the injured witness
evidence is very consistent and also the evidence of PW1 is
consistent with regard to causing of murder of her husband and two
children and we have already pointed out that nothing is elicited
with regard to the prior enmity is concerned about these witnesses.
23. It is important to note that PW12 is also neighbouring
witness who also witnessed the part of the incident having heard
the sound and also witnessing PW1 rushing to the house of the
PW12. Having considered the prosecution witnesses evidence i.e.,
PW1, PW2, PW6, PW9, PW12 and PW13 and also these witnesses
evidence and direct evidence point out the act of the accused and
the Trial Court also taken note of this incriminating material
available on record and rightly comes to the conclusion that the
direct evidence of PW1, PW2 and PW12 point out the act of the
accused in hastily committing three murder and causing injury to
PW2. The direct evidence of PW1 and also injured witness PW2 and
also other circumstantial witness PW6 who gave the Motor Cycle to
the accused on the very same day in the early morning immediately
the incident. These evidences are believable evidence as contended
by the counsel appearing for the State. The motive for committing
murder is also proved and also the fact that the weapon is also an
unlicensed weapon and the Doctor evidence of PW17 corroborates
that PW2 had sustained bullet injury and there are sufficient and
substantial evidence is against the accused to believe that he only
had committed the murder of three persons and caused injury to
PW2.
24. No doubt it is the contention of the counsel appearing
for the appellant that motive has not been established and he has
been falsely implicated and we have already pointed out that
nothing is elicited with regard to the ill-will against the accused to
falsely implicate him and none of the independent witnesses have
also not having any animosity against him i.e., PW6 and PW12. The
PW9 wife herself deposed against him with regard to the conduct
and causing of threat to her. No doubt it is the contention of the
appellant's counsel that he was not there at the spot and plea of
alibi has been pleaded and once the defence of alibi has been
taken, it is on the part of the accused to prove the same that he
was not there at the spot, but evidence of eye witness is suffice to
comes to a conclusion that this accused only had committed the
murder and ballistic report of PW21 is also clear that the M.O which
was seized at the instance of the accused only was used for
committing the murder and hence, we do not find any error
committed by the Trial Court in appreciating both oral and
documentary evidence. Hence, the evidence available on record
point out that the accused only had committed the murder of three
persons and caused the injury to PW2 and rightly invoked the
offences under Section 302, 307 of IPC and also the armed offences
under Section 25 and 27 of Arms Act. When there is direct
evidence, in view of the judgment of the Apex Court in case of
Madan V/s State of Uttar Pradesh, the motive would not be that
relevant as held in Criminal Appeal No.1790/2017 and Criminal
Appeal Nos.1381-1382 of 2017 vide order dated 09.11.2023.
25. No doubt it is the contention of the appellant's counsel
that the weapon who had supplied was not examined and proved
and that is only irregularity committed by the I.O and I.O ought to
have collected the material from whom he had purchased the same
and the same is not go to the very root of the case and
investigation defect is only a irregularity. It is also important to
note that the Trial Court only sentenced him for life imprisonment
and not taken note of three murders and not sentenced for three
count, but only on one count it was sentenced, but the State has
not filed any appeal before the Court and in the absence of any
such appeal, this Court cannot usurp the jurisdiction of enhancing
the sentence, unless an appeal is filed by the State. The State
ought to have filed the appeal with regard to the sentence whether
it is a case for rarest of rare case to impose the death penalty and
the same is also not done by the State and the same cannot be a
ground to comes to a other conclusion with regard to the sentence
is concerned. There are lapses on the part of the State also in not
filing any appeal for enhancement of sentence and these lapses
also cannot take away the case of the prosecution.
26. Having perused the material available on record
particularly documentary evidence of Ex.P23 to Ex.P29 i.e., P.M
report and medical evidence of PW20 and PW21 expert opinion and
also the eye witnesses evidence of PW1 and injured witness of PW2
and PW12 who is also a circumstantial witness and PW9 spoken
about the very conduct of the accused who is none other than the
wife of the accused and coupled with the evidence of the PW17 -
Doctor who treated the PW2 and all these material suggests the
very act of the accused in committing triple murder and causing
injury to PW2.
27. We have given anxious consideration to the both oral
and documentary evidence available on record and nothing is found
committing an error by the Trial Court in convicting the accused for
the offences which have been invoked against him and prosecution
evidence is nothing but substantial evidence and the same is
believable evidence against the accused and minor inconsistencies
and lapses on the part of the I.O will not go to the very root of the
case of the prosecution. The accused also not explained the
incriminating circumstances when he was examined under Section
313 of Cr.P.C. Hence, nothing on record to comes to the other
conclusion and to extend any benefit of doubt in favour of the
accused. Hence, we answered the point No.1 as Negative.
28. We have given anxious consideration to both oral and
documentary evidence, though find that the Trial Court committed
an error in sentencing the accused, this Court would like to make it
clear having considered the sentence and the same not
commensurate with the gravity of the offence of triple murder and
no power to enhance the same in the absence of appeal by the
State and the sentence imposed by the Trial Court i.e., life
imprisonment shall be whole life and benefit of remission shall not
be exercised for premature release having considered the ghastly
murders which is nothing but blood thirsty.
POINT NO.2:
29. In view of the discussions made above, we pass the
following:
ORDER
The appeal is dismissed. The conviction and sentence passed
against him in S.C. No.31/2011 is confirmed without remission.
The Registry is directed to return the Trial Court record along
with the copy of this judgment.
Sd/-
JUDGE
Sd/-
JUDGE RHS
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