Binda Paswan Son Of Late Nakat Paswan vs The State Of Jharkhand Through The ...
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Jharkhand High Court

Binda Paswan Son Of Late Nakat Paswan vs The State Of Jharkhand Through The ... on 8 April, 2026

Author: Sujit Narayan Prasad

Bench: Sujit Narayan Prasad

                                                          2026:JHHC:10332




    IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
                               -----

W.P.(S) No.2646 of 2012

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Binda Paswan son of late Nakat Paswan, residing at Mohalla- Edalhatu, PO Morabadi, PS Bariyatu, Town and District Ranchi.

...... Petitioner Versus

1. The State of Jharkhand through the Secretary/Principal Secretary, Road construction Department having office at Project Building, PO and PS Dhurwa, Town and District Ranchi.

2. The Special Secretary, Road Construction Department having office at Project Building, PO and PS Dhurwa, Town and District Ranchi.

3. The Deputy Secretary, Road Construction Department having office at Project Building, PO and PS Dhurwa, Town and District Ranchi.

4. The Engineer-in-Chief, Road Construction Department having office at Project Building, PO and PS Dhurwa, Town and District Ranchi.

5. The Chief Engineer cum Enquiry Officer, National Highway Wing, Jharkhand having office at Dhurwa, PO and PS Dhurwa, Town and District Ranchi. ......Respondents

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD

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For the Petitioner(s) :Mr. Manoj Tandon, Advocate;

Ms. Shivani Bhardwaj, Advocate;

Mr. Shubham Kumar, Advocate;

Mr. Karamjit Singh Chhabra, Advocate For the Respondent :Mr. Om Prakash Tiwari, GP-III

------

Dated:08/04/2026

1. The present writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of

India has been filed against the order dated 18.1.2012 passed by the Engineer-in-Chief, Road Construction Department - Respondent No.4, whereby and whereunder, the recovery of Rs. 3,63,333/- has been sought from the petitioner with a further punishment of stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect. It has also been mentioned in the order impugned that the petitioner would not be entitled for anything than what he has been paid under Rule 97 of the Jharkhand Service Code during the period of suspension.

2026:JHHC:10332

Factual Matrix:

2. The brief facts of the case which require to be enumerated herein read as under:

(i) It is stated that the petitioner was appointed as a

Junior Engineer in the month of December, 1987.

The State of Bihar was bifurcated on 15.11.2000

and the services of the petitioner was finally

allocated to the State of Jharkhand in view of the

provisions enshrined in Bihar Re-organization Act,

2000. Right from the date of appointment the

petitioner was discharging his duties to the

satisfaction of all concerned without any complaint

of any kind whatsoever against the petitioner.

(ii) The petitioner was posted as Junior Engineer, Road

Construction Department, Road Section, Raidih

under the jurisdiction of Road Division, Gumla

during the Financial Year 2008-2009, he was put

under suspension vide order no. 255 dated 4.9.2009

under the provisions enshrined in Bihar and Orissa

Sub-Ordinate Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules,

1935.

(iii) Memo of charge was framed against the petitioner

on 9.2.2010 and the said charge was communicated

to the petitioner by office order dated 10.2.2010.

The petitioner submitted a detailed reply on

24.3.2020 to the enquiry officer, the In-charge Chief

2026:JHHC:10332

Engineer, National Highway Wing, Road

Construction Department, Jharkhand, Ranchi. The

petitioner denied each and every charges. The

petitioner explained the entire facts to show that he

was not at all responsible and guilty for any kind of

omission or commission.

(iv) A thorough enquiry was conducted by the enquiry

officer, the Chief Engineer, National Highway Wing

and this enquiry report was prepared on 01.08.2011.

On perusal of the enquiry report it would be evident

that none of the four charges against the petitioner

were proved. The said enquiry report was forwarded

by the enquiry officer to the Government by letter

dated 2.8.2011.

(v) The Deputy Secretary of the Road Construction

Department without giving any opportunity of being

heard to the petitioner differed with the finding

recorded by the enquiry officer and communicated

the same to the petitioner by letter dated 15.10.2011.

(vi) The petitioner having no option has submitted his

reply on 11.11.2011 to the said letter dated

15.10.2011 wherein the petitioner reiterated that

none of the charges were proved against the

petitioner and there was no point in differing with

2026:JHHC:10332

the finding recorded by the enquiry officer and the

petitioner was fit to be exonerated of the charges.

(vii) However, none of the grounds taken by the

petitioner was considered and the disciplinary

authority by order contained in memo no. 372(S)

dated 18.1.2012 passed the order of punishment

against the petitioner whereby a recovery of Rs.

3,60,333/- only has been sought from the petitioner;

stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect

has been passed with a further direction that the

petitioner shall not be entitled for anything than

what he has been paid under Rule 97 of the

Jharkhand Service Code during the period of

suspension.

(viii) The petitioner preferred an appeal on 25.4.2012 to

the appellate authority, the Secretary, road

construction Department, Government of Jharkhand,

Ranchi but the said representation has not been

disposed of as yet.

Arguments advanced on behalf of the petitioner:

3.The learned counsel appearing for the petitioner has questioned the

order of punishment on the ground that the procedure as laid down

by the judicial pronouncement in the judgment rendered by the

Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Punjab National Bank &

Others Vs. Kunj Behari Misra, reported in 1998 (7) SCC 84 has

2026:JHHC:10332

not been followed. It has been submitted that the further irregularity

in the process is that the inquiry report in which the charge has not

been found to be proved has been differed but not by the disciplinary

authority rather by the Deputy Secretary and based upon that

difference of opinion a second show-cause notice although was

issued which has been scrutinized by the Engineer-in-Chief, i.e.,

disciplinary authority and thereafter the punishment has been

imposed. It has been contended that there was no application of mind

before inflicting the punishment that too major in nature.

Arguments advanced on behalf of the State:

4. Mr. O.P.Tiwari, the learned counsel appearing for the State has

defended the order of punishment on the ground that the procedure as

laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Punjab National

Bank & Others Vs. Kunj Behari Misra(Supra)has been followed,

since, the inquiry report in which the charge has not been found to be

proved has been differed by the Deputy Secretary and thereafter the

second show cause notice has been issued. The learned counsel has

further submitted that even considering the fact that the procedure has

not been followed it can be a best case to remit the matter before the

authority.

Analysis: -

5. This Court has heard the learned counsel for the parties.

6. The admitted fact is that the order of punishment which has been

passed in a situation of charge having not been found to be proved by

the inquiry officer although the same was placed before the Deputy

2026:JHHC:10332

Secretary, not before the disciplinary authority, who has differed with

the opinion of the inquiry report assigning the reason but thereafter the

same was forwarded to the Engineer-in-Chief i.e. the disciplinary

authority who based upon that difference of opinion has inflicted the

order of punishment.

7. As such, the issues which require consideration are:

(i) As to whether the procedure as laid down in the case of

Punjab National Bank & Others Vs. Kunj Behari

Misra(supra) has been followed in the present case or not?"

(ii) As to whether in such circumstances of wrong having been

committed by the disciplinary authority will it be proper to

remit the matter before the disciplinary authority again in

order to give aid to a wrong doer?

Issue No.1:

8. This Court considering the aforesaid issue is of the view that the

facts pertaining to the case of Punjab National Bank &

Others Vs. Kunj Behari Misra (supra) needs to be referred

herein which is as under:

The respondents in these two appeals, namely, Shri Kunj

Behari Misra and Shri Shanti Prasad Goel were working in the

appellant-Bank in the Hazratganj Branch, Lucknow, as

Assistant Managers. On 10-11-1981, on physical verification

of the currency chest, a shortage of Rs 1 lakh currency notes

was found. Thereafter first information report was lodged and

disciplinary proceedings were initiated by the appellant-Bank

2026:JHHC:10332

against both the respondents, who were also placed under

suspension. Six charges were framed against Misra while the

charge-sheet served on Goel contained seven charges. The

disciplinary authority did not conduct the enquiry itself and an

enquiry officer was appointed to hold the enquiry.

The enquiry officer gave the respondents opportunity of being

heard. In his report submitted in connection with the enquiry

against Misra, he found him guilty only of one charge, namely,

that he did not sign the relevant register from 20-10-1981 to 9-

11-1981 but exonerated him of charges two to six. As far as

Goel is concerned, the enquiry officer in his report found him

not guilty of any of the charges and exonerated him.

On the receipt of the reports from the enquiry officer, the

disciplinary authority, the Regional Manager of the appellant-

Bank to whom the reports were submitted did not agree in the

case of Misra with the findings of the enquiry officer in respect

of charges two to six and by a short order dated 12-12-1983,

passed an order holding that it was an undisputed position that

Misra being Assistant Manager was in the joint custody of the

keys of the currency chest and he had personal responsibility

towards the safe custody of the cash and that no material had

been placed during the enquiry proceedings to establish that he

had discharged his duties in the manner expected of him. The

disciplinary authority accordingly held Misra to be responsible

for the shortage in question and held that a minor penalty of

2026:JHHC:10332

proportionate recovery ought to be imposed on the respondent

for the loss of Rs 1 lakh caused to the Bank due to negligence

on his part in the discharge of his duties. Similarly in the case

of Goel, the disciplinary authority did not agree with the

enquiry report and passed an order dated 15-12-1983 directing

proportionate recovery of the loss of Rs 1 lakh caused to the

Bank by him. During the pendency of these disciplinary

proceedings, both Misra and Goel superannuated on 31-12-

1983. The disciplinary authority accordingly directed the

recovery of the money from the Bank's contribution to the

provident fund of the respondent-officers.

The respondents then filed appeals to the appellate authority

but they were unsuccessful. Thereupon Misra filed Civil Writ

Petition No. 3197 of 1984 before the Lucknow Bench of the

Allahabad High Court while Goel filed Civil Writ Petition No.

1192 of 1984 in the High Court at Allahabad. The main

contention of the respondents in the said writ petitions was that

the disciplinary authority, who had chosen to disagree with the

conclusions arrived at by the enquiry officer, could not have

come to adverse conclusions without giving them an

opportunity of being heard and the orders passed against them

were liable to be quashed. This contention found favour with

the High Court who, while allowing Misra's writ petition vide

its judgment dated 20-2-1990, quashed the order imposing

penalty and directed the appellants to release the retirement

2026:JHHC:10332

benefits including provident fund and gratuity. Following the

aforesaid decision, the writ petition filed by Goel was allowed

by the High Court on 10-1-1995 and a similar direction was

issued for the release of the retirement benefits like provident

fund and gratuity etc. to the said respondent.

Thereafter, appeals by special leave came up for hearing

before a Bench of two Judges of the Hon'ble Apex Court.

While the appellants placed reliance on the decision in State

Bank of India v. S.S. Koshal [1994 Supp (2) SCC 468 : 1994

SCC (L&S) 1019 : (1994) 27 ATC 834] the counsel for the

respondents placed reliance on two other two-Judge Bench

decisions in Institute of Chartered Accountants of India v. L.K.

Ratna [(1986) 4 SCC 537 : (1986) 1 ATC 714] and Ram

Kishan v. Union of India [(1995) 6 SCC 157 : 1995 SCC

(L&S) 1357 : (1995) 31 ATC 475] . Both the sides also

referred to the Constitution Bench decision of this Court

in Managing Director, ECIL v. B. Karunakar [(1993) 4 SCC

727 : 1993 SCC (L&S) 1184 : (1993) 25 ATC 704] and each

of them sought to place reliance on them. In view of the

apparent conflict in the decisions in the first three cases by

order dated 30-10-1996 [ From the Judgment and Order dated

20-2-1990 of the Allahabad, High Court in W.P. No. 3197 of

1984] , the case was referred to be heard by a larger Bench.

Thereafter, matter was placed before the full bench of the

Hon'ble Apex Court to resolve the apparent conflict.

2026:JHHC:10332

9.The Hon'ble Apex Court based upon the aforesaid background has

laid down the proposition in a situation where if the charge has not

been found to be proved by the inquiry officer, then the disciplinary

authority has not been said to be remediless rather the disciplinary

authority has been conferred with a power which is to be exercised by

him. In a situation of charge having not found to be proved the

disciplinary authority by showing difference of opinion by assigning

the reason may communicate the same to the delinquent employee for

the purpose of providing opportunity to put his defence. The relevant

paragraph is paragraph no. 19 of the said judgment which is being

quoted and referred herein:

"19. The result of the aforesaid discussion would be that the principles of natural justice have to be read into Regulation 7(2). As a result, thereof, whenever the disciplinary authority disagrees with the enquiry authority on any article of charge, then before it records its own findings on such charge, it must record its tentative reasons for such disagreement and give to the delinquent officer an opportunity to represent before it records its findings. The report of the enquiry officer containing its findings will have to be conveyed and the delinquent officer will have an opportunity to persuade the disciplinary authority to accept the favourable conclusion of the enquiry officer. The principles of natural justice, as we have already observed, require the authority which has to take afinal decision and can impose a penalty, to give an opportunity to the officer charged of misconduct to file a representation before the disciplinary authority records its findings on the charges framed against the officer."

10. The purpose is that in such situation when the inquiry officer

has found none of the charges proved against the delinquent employee

then the delinquent employee ought to have been given an opportunity

to defend himself on the issue of showing the difference of opinion.

2026:JHHC:10332

11. Adverting to the facts of the present case wherein also the

admitted fact is that the writ petitioner while holding the post of Junior

Engineer has been proceeded by imputing the following charges:

"आरोपसं ा-1- ी िब ापासवान, कनीय अिभयंता ारा ी गौरी शंकर साद िसंह, त ालीन सा यपालकअिभयंता, पथ मंडल, गुगलावो कायकाल म िववेकाधीन मद म काय हे तु कायपालक अिभयंता की स मता (25.000=0०सं०) म लाने के उ े से गुमला रायडीह-चैनपुर पथ के िलए कुल 11.89.149=00 ०केिलए 50 अदद ा लन तैयार िकए गए तथा संबंिधत सहायक अिभयंता ी सदान साद के मा म से कायपालक अिभयंता से इन ा लनों पर ीकृित ा कर ली गयी।इस मामले म आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता ारा न िसफ एक ही पथ के िलए िकलोमीटर वाइजअलग-अलग ा लन तैयार िकए गए अिपतु एक ही पथ के िविभ िकलोमीटर की ल ाई म अलग-अलग ा लन तैयार िकए गए तािक इन ा लनों को 25.000-00 ० के अ गत लाया जा सके तथा िबना उ रीय ीकृित उ रािश का फज िवप तैयार कर एवं गलत य िदखाकर दु ः िविनयोग के सहारे रािश का गबन िकया जा सके।उ पथ म आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता ारा संबंिधत सहायक अिभयंता तथा कायपालक अिभयंता के साथ ष ं कर लगभग 10.90.000=00 ० का य िदखा िदया गया।

इस कार एक ही पथ का खंड-खंड म ा लन तैयार कर तथा एक ही पथ म कुल ा िलत रािश का जान बुझकर कायपालक अिभयंता की स मता की अिधसीमा से अिधक रािश का काय िबना स म पदािधकारी का ीकृित ा िकए ही संपािदत िदखाकर इनके ारा मु सिचव, िबहार का प रप आदे श सं ा-462 त०प०को० िदनां क 30.03.1982 म िविहत अनुदेश का उ ंघन िकया गया िजसके िलए ये दोषी है ।

आरोप सं ा-2- वष 2008-09 के अंतगत िववेकाधीन मद के तह प ं ािदत िदखाए गए काय की जाँ च के दौरान पाया गया िक गुमला रायडीह-चैनपुर पथ के िलए ीकृत ा लनों म अ मदों के साथ ही WBM Grade III का काय की ीकृत िकए गए थे तथा इन मदों को संपािदत िदखाकर रािश का य भी िदखलाया गया है ।पर ु जाँ च के दौरान पाया गया िक भौितक प से WBM Grade III का काय पथ म कराया ही नही ं गया।

इस कार, आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता ारा संबंिधत सहायक अिभयंता एवं कायपालक अिभयंता के साथ िमलकर WBM Grade III के काय को िबना संपािदत िकए ही Criminal Breach of Trust एवं आपरािधक ष ं के तह ू ट अिभलेख तैयार कर इस अिभलेखों म संपािदत िदखा िदया गया तथा य गत दशाए गए रािश का गबन कर िलया गया।

इस कार आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता न िसफ सरकारी सेवक आचार िनयमावली 1976 के िनयम 3(1) (II) (III) तथा 3(3) के ितकूल आचरण के िलए दोषी है, अिपतु िवहार िव िनयमावली के िनयम -9 के तह ावधािनत िव ीय औिच के िस ा ों के ितकूल िव ीय अिनयिमतता करने तथा िबहार िव िनयमावली के िनयम-34 के तह रकार को िव ीय ित प ँचाने के िलए दोषी है ।

आरोप सं ा-3- वष 2008-09 के अंतगत िववेकाधीन मद के तह ीकृत ा लन म पथों के पलक म िम ी करने तथा पथों ममूरम िबछाए जाने के ावधान ीकृत कराए गए थे तथा इ संपािदत िदखाकर य िकया गया

2026:JHHC:10332

भी दशाया गया।पर ु जाँ च के दौरान पाया गया िक आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता के भार म पड़ने वाले गुमला रायडीह-चैनपुर पथ म ये काय नही ं कराए गए। िजन पथां शों म मूरम की गुणव ा िन रीय पाया गया तथा िम ी काय म भी संपीडन का आभाव पाता गया।

इस कार, आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता ारा न िसफ सरकारी सेवक आचार िनयमावत। 1976 के िनयम 3(1) (II) (III) तथा 3(3) म अपेि त आचरण के ितकूल काय िकया गया अिपतु िबहार िव िनयमावली के िनयम

-9 एवं िनयम-34 के तहत सरकार को िव ीय ित भी प ँचाया गया िजसके िलए वे दोषी है ।

आरोप सं ा-4-वष 2008-09 के अंतगत िववेकाधीन मद के तह यग ािश के सभी काय िवभागीय प से कराए गए दशाए गए है ।पर ुन तो सामि यों की अलग से आपूित ली गयी और न मजदू रों ारा म पु पर म काय कराया गया।इसके िवपरीत संवेदकों को िकए जाने वाले भुगतान की तरह Finished काय का भुगतान िकया गया है, जो लेखा ि या का गंभीर उ ंघन है . िजसके िलए आरोिपत कनीय अिभयंता दोषी ह।"

12. The writ petitioner was asked to participate in the enquiry

proceeding who participated in the same and defended the charges

leveled against him. The inquiry officer had concluded the inquiry and

found none of the charge having been proved against the petitioner.

The opinion of the inquiry officer is as under:

"आरोप सं ा-1- िन ष - िववेकाधीन ायोजन हे तु आवंटन साधारण मर ित शीष के अंतगत आता है और इस शीष के अंतगत साधारण मर ित मद के िकसी भी रािश के ा लन की ीकृित आवंटन की सीमा तक करने के िलए कायपालक अिभयंता स म है । पुनः यिद िकसी पथ के िलए िववेकाधीन योजनाथ एक ही ा लन का सृजन िकया जाता तो िववेकाधीन ायोजन हे तु ा आवंटन म से एक पथ म मा 25000/-

        पये का य संभव था और ा आवंटन का उपयोग साथक नही ं रह
      जाता। अतः उ        त ों के आलोक म कायपालक अिभयंता के
      िनदे शानुसार ख -ख     म कनीय अिभयंता ारा ा लन सृजन करने

को गलत नही ं कहा जा सकता है । पुनः ० 10.90.000/- पये के फज िवप तैयार करने की पुि भी संल सा ों से नही ं हो पाती है । अतएव यह आरोप मािणत नही ं होता है ।

आरोप सं ा-2- िन ष कायपालक अिभयंता, पथ म ल, गुमला को िदये गये आवंटन आदे श की ित उपायु , गुमला को िदये जाने के कारण आवंिटत रािश की जानकारी उपायु , गुमला को थी और शायद इसी वजह से पथों के िनरी णोपरां त उनके ारा कायपालक अिभयंता को WBM Gr. III के काय म सुधार कर Premix Carpet या Pot Patch के िलए िलखा गया। कायपालक अिभयंता के अनुपालन ितवेदन के बाद उपायु ारा पुनः कोई प ाचार नही ं िकये जाने से यह तीत होता है िक आरोिपत पदािधकारी ारा काय म सुधार कर Premix Carpet/Pot Patch का काय करवा िदया गया होगा। बाद की ितिथ म जाँ च दल ारा WBM Gr. III का काय नही ं

2026:JHHC:10332

पाये जाने के स म यह तक संगत तीत होता है िक WBM Gr. III के काय को Premix Carpet या Pot Patch म Cover कर िदया गया होगा।

यह आरोप मािणत नही ं होता है ।

आरोप सं ा-3-

      िन ष आरोप के साथ संल सा                  के   प म अधी ण अिभयंता, पथ
      अंचल, राँ ची एवं अधी ण अिभयंता, रा ीय उ             पथ अंचल का जाँ च

ितवेदन संल है िजसम थम जाँ च ितवेदन म िम ी मूरम का काय नही ं िकये जाने एवं दू सरे म कुछ पथां श म िम ी मूरम का काय िकये जाने का सेिमटी िकया गया है पर ु इनकी गुणव ा एवं संपीड़न पर िच खड़ा िकया गया है । दोनो जाँ च ितवेदन म िकसी पथां श िवशेष म ा लन के अनु प िकये जाने वाले िम ी मूरम की मा ा, मापी पु म दज िम ी की मा ा का उ ेख है और न ही ल पर िकये गये काय का ही मापी पु म दज मा ा से िमलान िकया गया है । िकसी भी ितवेदन म गुणव ा या संपीड़न के िलए कोई जाँ च िकये जाने का उ ेख नही ं िकया गया है । विणत प र ितयों म आरोिपत पदािधकारी का सदे ह का लाभ दे ते ए इस आरोप से मु िकया जा सकता है ।

आरोप सं ा-4- िन ष लेखा के समंजन संबंधी कागजात से होता है िक कायपालक अिभयंता एवं सहायक अिभयंता के िनदश पर ही ी पासवान, कनीय अिभयंता ारा Finished rate पर भुगतान हे तु माणक तैयार िकये गये। काय से संबंधी पथां श उ वाद े म है इसिलए काय कराना दु र एवं जो खम भरा है । अतः ी पासवान को इस आरोप म बरी िकया जा सकता है । इसके अित र ानयो है िक जाँ च से पूव प रवाद प की संपुि कराई गई है , ऐसा कोई प या माण सुनवाई के दौरान उपल नही ं कराया गया जबिक सरकार का िनदश है िक प रवाद प चाहे वे िकतने भी िविश कृित के ों नही ं हो. पर तब तक कोई कारवाई न प रवाद दाता से ा न कर ली जाय। की जाय, जब तक िक इसकी संपुि प रवाद दाता से ा न कर ली जाय।

13. The aforesaid inquiry report was forwarded to the Deputy

Secretary of the concerned department who differed with the opinion

raised by the inquiry officer as per Annexure -7 to the writ petition.

The disciplinary authority admittedly was not the disciplinary authority

but even then, the inquiry report was forwarded to him. The Deputy

Secretary, thereafter, has forwarded the second show cause notice

along with its reply to the disciplinary authority, the Engineer-in-Chief

who in turn thereof inflicted the recovery of Rs./- 3,63, 333/- along

with major punishment of withholding three annual increments with

cumulative effects and other punishments.

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14. The question of issuance of second show cause notice which

contains difference of opinion is not a concept in a situation where the

charge has not been found to be proved and the same has been differed

by the disciplinary authority. The reason being that the second show

cause notice must be issued by the disciplinary authority on acceptance

of the inquiry report so as to provide an opportunity to the delinquent

employee before inflicting punishment. The disciplinary authority

thereafter is to pass an order on consideration of the reply given by the

delinquent employee which would be evident from paragraph 19 of the

judgment referred herein above.

15. The learned State counsel has also admitted that disciplinary

authority of the post of Junior Engineer is the Engineer-in-Chief. As

such, the power conferred to take any disciplinary action lies upon the

Engineer-in-Chief not upon any other officer of the department. Herein

the difference of opinion ought to have been shown by the disciplinary

authority who is the Engineer-in-Chief but actually it has been shown

by the Deputy Secretary of the concerned department. The said

difference of opinion has been forwarded to the authority who on its

acceptance has inflicted punishment and, not only that, it has referred

in the impugned order that the punishment has been inflicted after

scrutinizing the entire materials. The entire materials mean the

difference of opinion shown by the Deputy Secretary and the response

furnished by the delinquent employee. Therefore, consideration

/application of mind which was to be made by the disciplinary

authority i.e. the Engineer-in-Chief has not been made. Consideration

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always means application of mind which is to be made by the

disciplinary authority not by the other officer.

16. Consideration does not mean a mere formality, rather, if any

document or stand has been taken in defence, it is the bounden duty of

the authority concerned to discuss and while accepting or refusing, the

same must be based upon the well assigned reason, otherwise, it cannot

be said to be a consideration in the eyes of law since consideration

means active application of mind which can only be said to be there if

the document/defence will be well considered by the authority

concerned, reference in this regard be made to the judgment rendered

by Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Chairman, Life Insurance

Corporation of India and Others v. A. Masilamani reported in (2013)

6 SCC 530 wherein at paragraph 19 it has been held that the term

"consider" postulates consideration of all relevant aspects of a matter.

Thus, formation of opinion by the statutory authority should reflect

intense application of mind with reference to the material available on

record. The relevant paragraph of the aforesaid judgment is being

quoted and referred herein as under:

19. The word "consider" is of great significance. The dictionary meaning of the same is, "to think over", "to regard as", or "deem to be". Hence, there is a clear connotation to the effect that there must be active application of mind. In other words, the term "consider"

postulates consideration of all relevant aspects of a matter. Thus, formation of opinion by the statutory authority should reflect intense application of mind with reference to the material available on record. The order of the authority itself should reveal such application of mind. The appellate authority cannot simply adopt the language employed by the disciplinary authority and proceed to affirm its order."

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17. It is not in dispute that if in any provision of law, there is no

reference of observance of principle of natural justice before passing

any stigmatic order or an order which is going to adversely affect the

party, even then, the principle of natural justice is required to be

followed, being a cardinal principle to be observed before taking any

adverse decision against the party.

18. Before the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Mrs. Maneka Gandhi

Vrs. Union of India and Anr., [(1978) 1 SCC 248], similar issue fell

for consideration with respect to vires of the provision of Section 10(3)

of the Indian Passport Act on the ground that before impounding the

passport, the principle of natural justice has not been followed. The

plea was taken that under the provision of Section 10(3) of the Indian

Passport Act, there is no provision to issue show cause notice and as

such, there cannot be said to be any illegality committed by the

authority in impounding the passport without observing the principle of

natural justice.

19. The provision of Section 10(3) was questioned on the ground

that when any adverse decision is to be taken, the cardinal principle of

natural justice is to be observed but the aforesaid provision having not

been referred in the provision of Section 10 of the Indian Passport Act,

therefore, it may be declared as ultra vires.

20. The Constitution Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court,

however, refused to hold the provision of Section 10 of the Indian

Passport Act ultra vires, but, it has been laid down that even if there is

no provision to issue show cause notice contained in the punitive

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provision, then also principle of natural justice, being cardinal in

nature, has to be observed. For ready reference, the relevant paragraph

of the said judgment is being referred herein below:

"9.We may commence the discussion of this question with a few general observations to emphasise the increasing importance of natural justice in the field of administrative law. Natural justice is a great humanising principle intended to invest law with fairness and to secure justice and over the years it has grown into a widely pervasive rule affecting large areas of administrative action. Lord Morris of Borth- yGest spoke of this rule in eloquent terms in his address before the Bentham Club:

"We can, I think, take pride in what has been done in recent periods and particularly in the field of administrative law by invoking and by applying these principles which we broadly classify under the designation of natural justice. Many testing problems as to their application yet re-remain to be solved. But I affirm that the area of administrative action is but one area in which the principles are to be deployed. Nor are they to be invoked only when procedural failures are shown. Does natural justice qualify to be described as a „majestic‟ conception? I believe it does. Is it just a rhetorical but vague phrase which 8 can be employed, when needed, to give a gloss of assurance? I believe that it is very much more. If it can be summarised as being fair-play in action -- who could wish that it would ever be out of action? It denotes that the law is not only to be guided by reason and by logic but that its purpose will not be fulfilled; it lacks more exalted inspiration.

And then again, in his speech in the House of Lords in Wiseman v. Borneman14, the learned Law Lord said in words of inspired felicity:

"... that the conception of natural justice should at all stages guide those who discharge judicial functions is not merely an acceptable but is an essential part of the philosophy of the law. We often speak of the rules of natural justice. But there is nothing rigid or mechanical about them. What they comprehend has been analysed and described in many authorities. But any analysis must bring into relief rather their spirit and their inspiration than any precision of definition or

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precision as to application. We do not search for prescriptions which will lay down exactly what must, in various divergent situations, be done. The principles and procedures are to be applied which, in any particular situation or set of circumstances, are right and just and fair. Natural justice, it has been said, is only „fair play in action‟. Nor do we wait for directions from Parliament. The common law has abundant riches : there may we find what Byles, J., called „the justice of the common law‟ ".

Thus, the soul of natural justice is "fair-play in action"and that is why it has received the widest recognition throughout the democratic world. In the United States, the right to an administrative hearing is regarded as essential requirement of fundamental fairness. And in England too it has been held that "fair-play in action" demands that before any prejudicial or adverse action is taken against a person, he must be given an opportunity to be heard. The rule was stated by Lord Denning, MR in these terms in Schmidt v. Secretary of State or Home Affairs -- "where a public officer has power to deprive a person of his liberty or his property, the general principle is that it has not to be done without his being given an opportunity of being heard and of making representations on his own behalf". The same rule also prevails in other Commonwealth countries like Canada, Australia and New Zealand. It has even gained access to the United Nations (vide American Journal of International Law, Vol. 67, p. 9 479). Magarry, J., describes natural justice "as a distillate of due process of law"

(vide Fontaine v. Chastarton16). It is the quintessence of the process of justice inspired and guided by "fair-play in action". If we look at the speeches of the various Law Lords in Wiseman case14 it will be seen that each one of them asked the question "whether in the particular circumstances of the case, the Tribunal acted unfairly so that it could be said that their procedure did not match with what justice demanded", or, was the procedure adopted by the Tribunal "in all the circumstances unfair?" The test adopted by every Law Lord was whether the procedure followed was fair in all the circumstances and "fair-play in action" required that an opportunity should be given to the taxpayer "to see and reply to the counter- statement of the Commissioners" before reaching the conclusion that "there is a prima facie case against him". The inquiry must, therefore, always be: does fairness in action demand that an opportunity to be heard should be given to the person affected?"

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21. This Court based upon the aforesaid proposition of law

coupled with the judgment rendered by the Constitution Bench of the

Hon'ble Apex Court and also the applicability of the said judgment in

the facts of the present case wherein the Engineer-in-Chief being the

disciplinary authority has not applied his mind rather he has acted upon

on the basis of the difference of opinion shown by the Deputy Secretary

who even was not having any jurisdiction to look into, the same cannot

be said to be just and proper.

22. Accordingly, the order of punishment is hereby quashed and

set-aside.

Issue No.2

23. The second issue pertains to remand of the matter to the

concerned authority. This Court conscious about the fact that on

technicality no advantage will be given to the delinquent employee or

anybody but the aforesaid principle is to be considered based upon the

factual aspect. This Court therefore is proceeding to assess as to

whether in the facts of the present case the matter needs to be remitted.

The admitted position herein that the memorandum of charge is dated

9.02.2010 and the order of punishment was passed in the year 2012 and

since then the considerable period i.e. more than a decade has lapsed

and in the meanwhile writ petitioner has also retired from service.

24. The issue of remand has also been taken into consideration by

the Hon'ble Apex Court in the said judgment i.e. Punjab National

Bank & Others Vs. Kunj Behari Misraas would be evident

from paragraph no. 21 thereof which is being referred herein under:-

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"21. Both the respondents superannuated on 31-12-1983. During the pendency of these appeals, Misra died on 6-1-1995 and his legal representatives were brought on record. More than 14 years have elapsed since the delinquent officers had superannuated. It will, therefore, not be in the interest of justice that at this stage the cases should be remanded to the disciplinary authority for the start of another innings. We, therefore, do not issue any such directions and while dismissing these appeals, we affirm the decisions of the High Court which had set aside the orders imposing penalty and had directed the appellants to release the retirement benefits to the respondents. There will, however, be no order as to costs."

25. It appears from the aforesaid paragraph that the matter was not

remanded since in the meanwhile the concerned litigant of the said case

has retired and in the meanwhile 14 years have already been lapsed.

Applying the same principle herein also that the disciplinary

proceeding was initiated in the month of February, 2010, concluded in

the year 2012 and since then 14 years have already been lapsed and in

the meanwhile the writ petitioner has already retired. Then the question

is that why the matter is to be remitted by relegating the petitioner to

take the rigour of the departmental proceeding at the stage when he has

already superannuated from service.

26. The learned State counsel has failed to answer the proceeding

after retirement under which provision, although he has submitted that

Rule43 of the Pension Rule can be taken care of. This Court is of the

view that there is no applicability of Rule 43 of the Pension Rule,

since, the rider is there that the punishment withholding the pension is

to be inflicted based upon the offence/charge which is not beyond the

period of four years from the date of initiation of the proceeding.

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27. This Court is further of the view that if the law is already

settled and it is the bounden duty of the disciplinary authority to

conclude the proceedings strictly in pursuance of the law and if there is

any deviation on the part of the disciplinary authority then certainly

the disciplinary authority being a wrong doer and the said wrong doer

cannot be allowed to take advantage of its own wrong on the basis of

the settled principle of law as has been laid down in the case of

Kusheshwar Prasad Singh vs. State of Bihar and Ors., (2007) 11 SCC

447, wherein at paragraphs-14, 15 and 16, the Hon'ble Apex Court has

observed as under:

"14. In this connection, our attention has been invited by the learned counsel for the appellant to a decision of this Court in Mrutunjay Pani v. Narmada Bala Sasmal [AIR 1961 SC 1353] wherein it was held by this Court that where an obligation is cast on a party and he commits a breach of such obligation, he cannot be permitted to take advantage of such situation. This is based on the Latin maxim commodum ex injuria sua nemo habere debet (no party can take undue advantage of his own wrong).

15. ... This Court (at SCC p. 142, para 28) referred to Broom's Legal Maxims (10th Edn.), p. 191 wherein it was stated: "It is a maxim of law, recognised and established, that no man shall take advantage of his own wrong; and this maxim, which is based on elementary principles, is fully recognised in courts of law and of equity, and, indeed, admits of illustration from every branch of legal procedure."

16. It is settled principle of law that a man cannot be permitted to take undue and unfair advantage of his own wrong to gain favourable interpretation of law. It is sound principle that he who prevents a thing from being done shall not avail himself of the non- performance he has occasioned. To put it differently, "a wrongdoer ought not to be permitted to make a profit out of his own wrong".

28. This Court considering the aforesaid facts is of the view that it

is not a case where the matter is to be remanded.

29. The writ petition accordingly stands allowed and disposed of.

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30. Consequently, the order impugned is hereby quashed and set

aside.

31. Pending interlocutory application (s), if any, also stands

disposed of.

(Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.)

Date:08/04/2026 KNR/AFR

Uploaded On:16/ 04/2026