[Cites 9, Cited by 0]
Delhi High Court
Sunil Kant vs Samrat Chander & Ors on 4 December, 2025
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
% Judgment Reserved on: 27.11.2025
Judgment pronounced on:04.12.2025
+ FAO 172/2009
SUNIL KANT .....Appellant
Through: Ms. Tanu Singhal and Mr. Ayush
Kushwahn, Advocates.
versus
SAMRAT CHANDER & ORS. .....Respondents
Through: None.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE CHANDRASEKHARAN SUDHA
JUDGMENT
CHANDRASEKHARAN SUDHA, J.
1. This appeal under Section 299 of the Indian Succession
Act, 1925 (ISA), has been filed by respondent no. 4/objector
challenging the judgment dated 19.02.2009 passed by the learned
District Judge-07, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi, in P.C. No. 279/2006,
whereby respondent no. 1/petitioner has been granted probate. In
this appeal, the parties, unless otherwise specified, will be referred
to as described in the probate petition.
2. In the petition filed under Section 276 of the ISA it is
alleged thus:- The father of the petitioner, late Shri Ramji Dass,
was the owner of Shop No. 78, Mall Road, Kingsway Camp, Delhi
(the suit property). The property was his self-acquired property,
which he bequeathed to the petitioner by way of a Will dated
14.09.1998, which was duly registered before the Sub-Registrar,
Delhi. Ramji Dass died on 08.07.2005. Ramji Dass had executed
the Will while he was in a sound disposing state of mind and
without any pressure or compulsion from others. It was executed
in the presence of witnesses. In the Will, the testator has also stated
that his son Sunil Kant, that is, respondent No. 4, had falsely
proclaimed himself to be the owner of the aforesaid property,
although he has no right, title or interest in the property or any
other property of the testator, movable or immovable. It was
prayed that the Court may grant a letter/certificate of probate in his
favour in respect of the estate of late Shri Ramji Dass, as described
in Schedule-A and bequeathed to the petitioner vide his last and
final registered Will dated 14th September, 1998.
3. Respondent no. 1, the wife; respondent no. 2, another son
and respondent no. 3, the daughter of the testator, reported no
objection to the petition.
4. Respondent no.4, another son of the testator, filed
objections contending thus:- the petitioner has concealed material
facts in the petition. He has not disclosed the pendency of various
litigations between the parties qua the property, which are pending
adjudication before various fora, including this Court. The petition
is devoid of merits and based on false allegations. The testator had
no right to execute the Will in question as he had already sold the
property in question on 30.04.1998 for due consideration to
respondent no. 4 pursuant, to which the latter has been in exclusive
possession of the property for the last more than two decades. The
probate petition is nothing but a counter-blast to the legal
proceedings already going on in various courts of law between the
parties. There are several suspicious circumstances surrounding the
execution of the Will, which would be unearthed during the trial.
On 25.12.1997, a deed in Urdu had been executed by the father
expressing his wishes qua the status of the shop, the photo-copy of
which has been produced in suit no.322/1998, pending in the Court
of the learned Civil Judge, Delhi. In addition, there are various
other documents in his possession, duly executed in his favour by
his father to prove that title interest, ownership and possession of
the property have been transferred and entrusted in his favour.
Thus, he prayed for a dismissal of the petition.
5. On completion of pleadings, necessary issues were framed
by the Trial Court. PW1 to PW4 were examined on behalf of the
petitioner. The original Will was marked as Ex.PW-1/A. RW1 to
RW5 were examined on behalf of respondent no.4/the objector.
6. It was submitted by the learned counsel for the
appellant/respondent no.4 that, as the testator had already sold the
schedule property to him on 30.04.1998, the latter had no authority
to execute the Will in question. The father had executed a will
dated 30.04.1998 along with an Agreement to Sell the property; a
General Power of Attorney; Special Power of Attorney; a letter
handing over possession, and a receipt indicating receipt of
consideration by which the ownership and title of the schedule
property stood transferred in his favour. Reference was also made
to Section 53-A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (the TP Act)
to contend that, in part performance of the agreement, respondent
no. 4 had paid the required consideration and took possession of
the property and therefore, the testator did not have the authority to
execute the Will in question qua the schedule property. Further,
the testimonies of the attesting witnesses to the Will, namely PW-2
and PW-4, are contradictory, which raises doubts regarding its
execution. It was also submitted that the petitioner, being one of
the beneficiaries, actively participated in the execution of the Will,
which is yet another aspect that raises doubts and suspicion
regarding its execution.
7. When the appeal was taken up for hearing, there was no
representation on behalf of the petitioner. Before the Trial Court,
the petitioner alleged that respondent no. 4 had obtained signatures
of the testator on blank papers as well as on stamp papers on the
pretext that the shop in question required repairs, at a time when
the testator was sick and recovering after being discharged from
Sunder Lal Jain Hospital and thereafter, fabricated documents in
support of his claim. The testator, on coming to know of the deeds
fabricated by respondent no.4, cancelled all the documents dated
30.04.1998 vide cancellation deed dated 27.10.1998 and had also
sent a legal notice dated 24.10.1998 to respondent no.4 informing
him that the documents of 30.04.1998 stood cancelled and that
respondent no.4 was debarred from inheriting any movable or
immovable property of the testator.
8. From the records it is revealed that respondent no.4 had
filed suit bearing No.322/1998 against the testator and others for
specific performance of the documents executed on 30.04.1998,
claiming that he had purchased the shop for valid consideration
and seeking protection from dispossession. The testator and his
wife/respondent no.1 had also filed a suit bearing no. 89/2001
seeking possession and recovery of occupancy charges against
respondent no.4 qua the schedule property. It was submitted
during the course of arguments that the suits later became
infructuous as the property in question was acquired by the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation, though compensation has been withheld
due to the dispute raised by respondent no.4.
9. Heard the learned counsel for the appellant/respondent
no.4. There was no representation on behalf of the
respondent/petitioner or the other respondents.
10. I first refer to the law on the aspect of proof of a Will. As
held by the Apex Court in Meena Pradhan v. Kamla Pradhan,
(2023) 9 SCC 734, the burden is on the propounder to establish
that the will was duly executed by the testator as his last Will and
that all statutory requirements under Section 63 of the ISA and
Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1882 are fulfilled, namely,
proper signing by the testator, attestation by at least two witnesses,
and examination of at least one attesting witness who can speak to
both the testator's signature and the witnesses signing in his
presence. The will need not be proved with mathematical certainty
but must satisfy the prudent mind test. If one attesting witness
cannot prove execution, the other must be examined. Where
suspicious circumstances exist, such as shaky signatures, a feeble
mind, unnatural dispositions, or the propounder's dominant
involvement, the propounder bears a heavier burden to dispel such
doubts by cogent evidence and satisfy the Court's judicial
conscience. Allegations of fraud or undue influence must be
proved by the one alleging them, but even in the absence of such
pleadings, any real and legitimate suspicion must be removed
before the Will can be accepted.
11. Here it would be apposite to refer to the relevant portions
of the Ex. PW1/A Will dated 14.09.1998 which reads:
"1. That the Testator hereby declares that on his demise the
shop No. 78, Mall Road, Kingsway Camp, Delhi - 110009 shall
be the exclusive property of his eldest son Shri Samrat Chander
and no other person shall have any claim, right, title or interest
in the said property.
2. That the property and built up house bearing No. 2249,
Hudson Line, Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110009 shall be the
exclusive property of his own son Shri Veer Bahadur shall have
the exclusive right to enjoy the said property as his own and no
other person shall have any claim, right, title or interest in the
said property. The executant also states that the entire payments
for purchase of the plot, construction of the house, conversion of
the ownership right from leasehold to freehold, payment of house
tax etc. regarding the property bearing No. 2249, Hudson Lines,
Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110009 have been made by his son Veer
Bahadur and no other person has made any contribution in the
purchase, construction, development or maintenance of the
property.
3. That his son Shri Sunil Kant resident of 9/27, Double
Storey, Vijay Nagar shall not be entitled to any of his properties
movable or immovable. His said son has caused grievous injury
to his feelings as he has declined to make any payment for
meeting his personal expenses despite of having a family
arrangement whereby he was obliged to make contributions on
this account. Further he has caused annoyance and created a
nuisance by having a false and fabricated legal notice served
upon me which has been duly replied by his counsel on 17th
August 1998 putting the true and correct facts through his
counsel Shri Devraj Singh.
4. That his son Sunil Kant further caused grievous injury to
him by falsely proclaiming himself to be the owner of shop No.
78, Mall Road, Kingsway Camp, Delhi - 110009 although he has
no right, title or interest in the aforesaid property or any other
property of the testator movable or immovable.
5. Further his said son, Shri Sunil Kant, has mischievously
caused a false entry of Rs. 50,000/- (Rupees fifty thousand only)
in his savings account 5501 with Oriental Bank of Commerce,
Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110009 and has withdrawn the said
amount in cash by three cheques under his forged signatures.
Any document produced by him purporting to be executed by the
testator is forgery as no documents have been executed by the
testator in favour of his said son Sunil Kant or legal heirs.
6. That his sons Shri Samrat Chander and Shri Veer
Bahadur are the executors of this Will."
(Emphasis supplied)
12. I will now briefly refer to the evidence led in by the
petitioner to prove his case. PW-1, UDC, Office of the Sub
Registrar-1, Kashmere Gate, Delhi, was examined to prove the
registration of Ex. PW1/A Will.
12.1 PW2, the daughter of the testator and one of the
attesting witnesses inter alia deposed that on 14.9.1998, her father
called her to his house; when she reached, the other members of
the family were also present; thereafter, J.S. Tuli, a friend of her
brother ( respondent no.2/Veer Bahadur) came; her father told her
and Tuli that he desired to execute a Will; that her father requested
both of them to accompany him to the office of the Sub-Registrar,
Sub-Division Sadar, Delhi; that in her presence her father executed
the Will in favour of the petitioner; that her father had given
instructions in Hindi and the Will was prepared in English; after
the Will was prepared the contents of the Will were read over and
explained to her father in his vernacular language; that after
understanding the contents of the Will, he signed the said Will and
affixed his thumb impression; that she saw the testator affixing his
signature/thumb impression on the Will; that the Will bears the
signatures of her father on all pages; that she had seen her father
affixing his signatures and thumb impression in the Will; thereafter
she affixed her signature and thumb impression after which J.S.
Tuli (PW4) affixed his signature and thumb impression; that at the
time of the execution of the Will and its registration her father was
in a sound disposing state of mind and that he signed the Will
voluntarily.
12.2. In the cross examination PW2 deposed that her father
was mentally tensed a month before his death; that her father did
not have epilepsy; that she used to visit her father of and on; her
father was fully conscious and could identify them and that he was
quite good in English and Urdu. She denied the suggestion that her
father did not at all know Hindi and so had refused a job offer in
Gandhi ashram. She further deposed that on 13/09/1998 her father
called her; that she had received her father's message through a
messenger who is working in the office of her brother (respondent
no.2); that she had received the message on 12.9.1998; that she
does not know the name of the messenger; that the petitioner was
in Rohtak at that time; that her brothers Veer Bahadur (respondent
no. 2) and Sunil Kant (objector/respondent no. 4) were present;
that she does not know where the Registrar office of Sadar is
situated; that her father had taken her to the Registrar; that she
went along with her father to the Registrar's office by around 9
am; that it was she, her father and two other persons who had gone
to the Registrar office; that they went to the office of the Registrar
by bus; that they had proceeded to the bus Stop on foot; that on
13.9.1998 Tuli (PW-4) had also visited her father's residence; that
before 13.9.1998 she had never seen Tuli; that her father went
inside the court and came out; that she does not know what he did
inside; that thereafter, he brought a form and got their signatures;
no typing work took place in her presence and that the draft of the
Will was not dictated in her presence. She denied the suggestions
put to her that her father had already sold the property to the
objector for consideration or that the Will was a fabricated one or
that her father was not mentally sound or was not having good
memory at the time of the execution of the Will or that her father
was unable to walk without support. She does not know whether
her father had executed any Will in favour of the objector. She had
not visited any court in Delhi for signing any paper. She had
signed the affidavit at Kashmere Gate and not at Tis Hazari.
Thereafter, she said that she had signed the affidavit at her
residence and not in the chamber of the advocate or in the court
and that she does not know the contents of the affidavit.
13. The petitioner, examined as PW3, reiterated his case in
the petition. He admitted that his father had executed PW-3/ R1
Mukhtyarnama in Urdu in the year 1997; Ex.PW3/R2, which is a
Will dated 30.4.1998, bears the photograph of his father at point A
as well as his signature at point B; that Ex.PW3/R2 does not bear
the signature of any family member and is not valid; that Ex.
PW3/R4 general power of attorney dated 30.04.1998 in favour of
respondent no. 4 bears the signature of his father at point A;
Ex.PW3/R5 is an agreement to sell and purchase dated 30.04.1998
which bears the signature of his father at point A. He denied the
suggestion that the property in question had been sold to the
Objector/respondent no. 4 by his father for valid consideration.
13.1 PW-3, in his cross examination, deposed that the
objector since 1982 had been working in the shop in question
along with his father; that he is not in cordial terms with the
objector since 1998 as the latter had resorted to cheating; before
that the relation was cordial; that on 31.7.1998 he had lodged an
FIR against the objector on behalf of his father; that the complaint
was given on 31.07.1998, but the police registered the FIR in the
year 2002 on the orders of the jurisdictional magistrate; that he had
no dispute with the objector before 31.07.1998; that even after
registration of the FIR, there were disputes between the objector
and his father; that a complaint was filed before the Executive
Magistrate when the objector had illegally inducted a barber into
the shop; that he used to conduct all proceedings on behalf of his
father as the latter was 80 years old; that he used to make all the
complaints on behalf of his father; that his father was admitted in
Sunder Lal Jain Hospital in the year 1998; that he does not know
the ailment of his father; that he has not filed any medical
document to show that his father was medically fit.
14. PW-4, friend of respondent no. 2, deposed that he had
met the testator few times when he used to visit his friend's house
during which time he used to pay regards to the testator; on
30.09.1998 while he was on his way to his uncle's friend's house
he had paid a courtesy visit to the house of Veer Bahadur his
friend which was at about 6.30 to 6.45 PM; that the father of Veer
Bahadur told him that the former wanted to make a will and that he
requested his presence on the next day for the said purpose; that on
the next day he did not go to the house of Veer Bahadur but he
went straight from his house to Kashmiri Gate where he met Veer
Bahadur, the testator and his sister (PW-2). Samrat Chandra (the
petitioner) was also present. PW4 further deposed that the recitals
of the Will was dictated by the testator; that he does not know
whether the assistance of any advocate had been taken; the testator
narrated the recitals in Hindi; that approximately one hour might
have been taken for typing the document; that he does not know
whether the testator could write Hindi; that the testator could speak
Hindi; that he used to speak in a mix of Hindi and Punjabi. He
denied the suggestion that the testator did not know Hindi. PW-4
deposed that he does not know whether the testator was suffering
from epilepsy, and that he had not noticed the same. According to
PW-4, the testator had only normal problems of old age. He does
not know whether the testator required any escort for his day to
day activities. He also does not know whether the testator was
under any treatment for epilepsy. However, he admitted that the
testator had been admitted in certain hospitals for some time. PW-
4 identified his signature in his affidavit marked as Ex.PW-4/DX.
He admitted that in the affidavit it has been mentioned that the
verification of the affidavit had been done at Mathura. However,
he has not gone to Mathura. According to PW-4, the reference to
the verification of the affidavit at Mathura might be a typographic
mistake. He also deposed that he had not visited the Tis Hazari
Court since the year 2005. He had not signed Ex.PW4/DX
affidavit, and that the signature at point X and Y in the affidavit
may be forged. He denied the suggestion that he did not visit
Kashmere Gate or that he had not witnessed the testator affixing
the latter's signatures in the will. He also denied the suggestion
that Exhibit PW-1/A Will bears his forged signatures. He admitted
that Veer Bahadur had told him that Sunil Kant (the objector) was
in possession of the schedule shop. He denied the suggestion that
the testator was seriously ill and was not in a fit state of mind to
execute the will.
15. Now coming to the evidence let in by the
objector/respondent no. 4. RW-1, Chief Manager of Oriental Bank
of Commerce Camp Branch, Delhi deposed that Exhibit RW-1/1 is
the attested statement of the savings bank account of a testator
bearing account no.5501 pertaining to the period from December
1997 to February 1998; that the said statements of account bears
credit of an amount of ₹20,000 each on 04.02.1998 and 10.02.1990
and a further amount of ₹10,000 on 26.02.1998. RW-1 also
deposed that RW-1/2 is the statement of account of Sunil Kant (the
objector) for the period of 01.07.1997 to 30.06.1997 which shows
that there is a debit entry of ₹50,000 on 02.02.1998.
16. RW-2, record clerk, Sub Registrar Office, Seelampur,
identified Ex. PW3/R2, the original of will dated 30.04.1998, and
Ex. PW3/R4 the general power of attorney relied on by respondent
no. 4/objector.
17. RW-3/Ahlmad, Court of Civil Judge, Tis Hazari Court,
Delhi, produced the file relating to suit no.781/2006 and 232/2001.
The plaint, written statement, in the said suits etc., have been
marked as RW3/A to RW3/H.
18. Finally, the objector/respondent no. 4 examined himself
as RW-4, reiterated his case in the chief examination. RW-4
identified the signature of his father at point A in RW4/5, the
Special Power of Attorney. He also identified the signature of his
father in RW-4/7, the letter by which possession was given to him.
Exhibits RW-4/3 to Rw-4/10 are the letters exchanged between the
petitioner and RW-4. In the cross-examination, he deposed that
during 1981 his father, who was 65 years old, was suffering from
old-age issues; that in his presence his father never had any
epileptic fits; that his father had been admitted in the hospital from
26.03.1998 to 04.04.1998, but he does not know what his father
was suffering from. According to RW-4, he used to give money to
his father to meet the latter's expenses. He denied the suggestion
that after his parents shifted residence, he had never maintained
them. He admitted that his father had filed a suit in the year 2001
claiming maintenance from him. He admitted that he has not been
paying any maintenance to his mother till date. He further admitted
that he was not looking after his mother. He admitted his father's
signature at point A in Exhibit PW-1/A Will. He denied the
suggestion that the amount deposited vide challan, namely RW-4/1
and RW-4/2, were in fact deposited by his father. He denied the
suggestion that he had never paid an amount of ₹50,000/- to his
father towards sale consideration for the purchase of the schedule
property. He admitted that there are no documents to show that he
had, in fact paid an amount of ₹1,00,000/- as sale consideration for
the schedule property. He denied the suggestion that he had
obtained the signatures of his father on blank papers while his
father was recuperating from his ailments on the premise that the
signatures were required for installing electricity meter in the shop.
He denied the suggestion that when his father had recovered and
enquired about the papers on which he had obtained the signatures
of his father, he had torn some papers in the presence of his father.
He denied the existence of a family arrangement, as per which he
was required to pay an amount of ₹400/- to his father. According
to him, he had never been asked to pay ₹400/- to his father till the
year 2001. He also denied the suggestion that there was an
agreement that he would continue to pay an amount of ₹400 per
month to his father until possession of half of the schedule
property was given to the petitioner and half portion to him. He
also denied the suggestion that he was to pay an amount of
₹15,000 to the petitioner as per the family agreement arrived at.
RW-4 admitted that there were family disputes with his mother
since the year 1987. He also admitted that he was disowned by his
father in the year 1998. RW-4 denied the suggestion that his father
had cancelled all the documents dated 30.04.1998 that are relied on
by him.
19. It is true, as pointed out by the learned counsel for
respondent no. 4, that there are certain inconsistencies in the
testimony of PW2 and PW-4, the attesting witnesses. PW-4
deposed that the petitioner was present on 14.09.1998 while the
Will was being drafted and executed, whereas according to PW-2
the petitioner was never present at the spot. The petitioner, when
examined as PW-3, also denied his presence at the time of the
execution of the will. Now, even assuming that the petitioner was
present at the time of the execution of the will, the question is,
does that in any way raise any suspicion regarding the execution of
the Will. It is now well settled that the mere presence of the
beneficiary during the execution of a will or its registration by
itself would not be an aspect to doubt the will unless vitiating
circumstances are shown to exist. [Pentakota Satyanarayana v.
Pentakota Seetharatnam (2005) 8 SCC 67 and Gurdev Kaur v.
Kaki, (2007) 1 SCC 546]. In the case on hand, no materials have
come on record to show that the petitioner had taken a prominent
part in the execution of the will. Not even a suggestion is seen put
to either the petitioner or his witnesses regarding any role played
by the former in the execution of the will. Therefore, even
assuming that the petitioner was present, that alone without
anything more is not a ground to suspect the execution of the will.
20. The next inconsistency pointed out is regarding the
proficiency of the testator in Hindi language and the language of
the will. PW-2 deposed that her father was well-versed in English
and Urdu, but did not know Hindi at all. However, PW-4 deposed
that the recitals of the Will was dictated by the testator in Hindi;
that the testator could speak Hindi and the testator used to speak in
a mix of Hindi and Punjabi. Exhibit PW-1/A, the Will, is seen
executed in the English language. Nobody, including the
objector/respondent no.4, has a case that the testator did not know
English. What is material is whether the testator had understood
the contents of the will and executed it voluntarily. Here it is also
necessary to refer to the contentions of respondent no. 4 in the
reply filed to the probate petition. The relevant portion of which
reads thus:
"2. That the present petition for grant of Probate is devoid of
merits and based on concoction and false fabrications as well as
the wheel qua which the Probate is sought is without the lawful
rights of the Testator as the Testator had already sold out the
said property for due consideration to the answering respondent
and the fact with regard to the possession of the answering
respondent is an admitted fact on record of the court as well as
an admitted fact of the petitioner and other respondents also
except the State. Therefore, the present petition remains
meaningless invalid, unlawful and unsustainable and cannot be
considered at all. As such the same is liable to be dismissed
/rejected outrightly with exemplary costs.
3. That the present petition for grant of probate is a
collusion petition filed by the petitioner to settle the rivalry score
with the answering respondent and to derive him from his lawful
right of owning the property for which he has already paid due
sale consideration to the original allottee i.e Shri Ramji Dass
and since last more than two decades the answering respondent
is in possession and occupation of the said shop/property qua
which the probate is sought by the petitioner. Therefore, the
present probate petition is nothing but a counter-blast to the
legal proceedings already going on in various courts of law
between the parties. The non-disclosure of these facts by the
present petitioner is itself evident to the malafide conduct and
approaches of the petitioner who is guilty of supperssio facto as
submitted above, therefore, he is not entitled for grant of any
relief in respect of the property in question and as such the
present petition is liable to be dismissed outrightly with an
exemplary costs.
4. That the present probate petition is merely a cooked up
and sham story neither supported with actual facts and
circumstances of the case nor with the law of the land. and is full
of defection, conjectures and utmost suspicious circumstances
surrounding to the existence of the alleged Will, therefore, the
said petition cannot be looked into and is liable to be rejected
outrightly. The suspicious circumstances are apparent as
submitted above as well as the same would be unearthed at the
trial of this petition which will disentitle the petitioner from
seeking the relief as claimed by him."
(Emphasis supplied)
21. Therefore, the main case of respondent no. 4 is that his
father had no right to execute Ex. PW-1/A will as the property had
already been conveyed to him for valid consideration. He has no
specific case that the Will in question had been forged or
fabricated by the petitioner and his other brother, namely,
respondent no. 2. He says the execution is suspicious but does not
state clearly what those suspicious circumstances are. If a person
has a case of fraud, or misrepresentation, undue influence,
coercion etc., then it is necessary for him to plead specifically
those aspects. The burden would be on him to establish the same.
In the case on hand, no such allegation is seen made.
22. The discrepancies pointed out by the learned counsel for
respondent no.4, relating to the mode of travel, the time taken for
drafting the will, the exact sequence of events on the date of
execution, or minor variations, are irrelevant in the facts and
circumstances of the case.
23. As noticed earlier, the primary contention of respondent
no.4 is that his father had sold the schedule property to him and
therefore, the latter did not have any authority to execute Ex. PW-
1/A will. Respondent no. 4 has placed reliance on the following
documents, that is, a will, General Power of Attorney, Specific
Power of Attorney, possession letter and a receipt, all dated
30.04.1998. None of these documents are specifically referred to in
his objections. On the other hand, he only says that he has other
documents in his possession duly executed in his favour by his
father to prove the cause, title and interest, ownership and
possession qua the property. As to why he has not specified the
details of the documents is not known. It appears that the
document relied on by him were thereafter produced during the
course of the trial of the case. The will relied upon by respondent
no. 4 has not been proved. When this aspect was pointed out to the
learned counsel for respondent no. 4, it was submitted that the
same was unnecessary as it is for the petitioner to prove his case,
as he was the one who sought probate. It is no doubt true that the
burden is always on the propounder to prove the execution of the
will. Here, he has discharged his initial burden of proving the
execution of the Will. No suspicious circumstances have come out
in the testimonies of the witnesses examined on behalf of the
petitioner to which I have already referred to in detail, though there
are certain inconsistencies, which are not quite material or
relevant. Hence, the onus had shifted to respondent no. 4 to
establish his contention or disprove the case of the petitioner by
showing that his father had executed documents in his favour and
therefore the father had no right remaining in the property to
execute the Will in question. However, he has failed to establish
the same. His specific contention is that he has paid an amount of
₹1,00,000 as sale consideration for the property. However, in his
cross-examination, he admits that there are no documents to
establish the payment of ₹1,00,000 to his father. Even assuming
that the documents relied on by him were executed, the same
would not confer any title on him. Admittedly, there is no
registered sale deed in favour of respondent no. 4.
24. Another aspect that needs to be noticed is the litigations
that existed between the testator and the objector. Admittedly, the
father had filed a suit against respondent no. 4 for recovery of
possession of the schedule property. Respondent no. 4 filed a suit
for specific performance of the documents dated 30.04.1998
against his father. The father, in his written statement dated
23.11.2000, in the said suit contended that respondent no. 4 had
taken his signatures on blank papers while he was bedridden and
had created documents. When he came to know of the same he
executed a deed of cancellation dated 27.10.1998 by which all
those documents relied on by respondent no. 4 have been
cancelled. Going by the materials on record, the father had
contended that in the litigations with respondent no. 4 that there
was a family settlement dated 19.08.1989, by which it was agreed
that half portion of the schedule property, that is, the rear portion
would be allotted to the petitioner and the front portion would be
given to respondent no. 4 and that the petitioner and respondent
no. 4 would pay an amount of ₹400 to the testator for the use and
occupation of the schedule property. However, respondent no. 4
failed to meet his obligation. Alleging so, a suit was filed by the
father against respondent no. 4 for recovery of possession and
occupancy charges. It is pertinent to note that the mother and the
sister, who admittedly are not beneficiaries to the will, have given
their no objection to the probate petition. Respondent no. 4 has no
case that both his mother and sister are in inimical terms with him.
Therefore, there is no reason as to why they should also support
the case of the petitioner or act against the case of respondent no.
4. From a whole reading of the materials on record, it appears that
the father was initially inclined to give the property in favour of
respondent no 4. But subsequently, relations became strained, and
the father disowned his son, respondent no. 4and refused to give
him any property. It is true that the petitioner, when cross-
examined as PW-3, admitted that he was the person who was
conducting all the litigations on behalf of his father. But as noticed
earlier, respondent no. 4 has no case that there was any undue
influence or coercion that was exerted by the petitioner or others in
the execution of the will in question. He also has no case that the
suits filed by the father were actually filed by the petitioner,
without the knowledge of his father. Respondent no. 4 has not
placed on record to discredit the validity of the will or to conclude
that the testator was not in a sound disposing state of mind. In fact,
the materials brought on record affirm that the testator had
knowingly and intentionally excluded respondent no.4 from his
last and final will. In view of the above discussion, I find no
infirmity in the impugned judgment calling for interference by this
Court.
25. In the result, the appeal, sans merit, is dismissed.
26. Application(s), pending if any, stand closed.
CHANDRASEKHARAN SUDHA
(JUDGE)
DECEMBER 04, 2025
Mj/er
