Bombay High Court
Manisha Nimesh Mehta vs Technology Development Board Through ... on 1 October, 2024
Author: Neela Gokhale
Bench: A. S. Gadkari, Neela Gokhale
2024:BHC-OS:16694-DB
sns 14-wpl-26313-2024-Corrected.doc
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION (L) NO. 26313 OF 2024
Mrs. Manisha Nimesh Mehta,
Promoter & Guarantor of M/s. Perfect Infraengineers Ltd.,
Plot No. R-637, T.T.C. Industrial Area,
Thane, Belapur Road, MIDC Rabale,
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 701. .....Petitioner
Vs.
1. Technology Development Board,
Through its Director
having its Reg. Office at :
Technology Bhavan, Block-II, 2nd Floor,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
2. Shri. Rajesh Pathak,
Secretary,
Technology Development Board,
Department of Science & Technology,
Block-II, 2nd Floor, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
3. The Project Monitoring Committee,
Represented by its Chairman,
Technology Development Board,
Department of Science & Technology,
Block-II, 2nd Floor, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
4. Assistant Law Officer/Authorized Officer,
Technology Development Board,
Department of Science & Technology,
Block-II, 2nd Floor, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
5. Shri. Rajesh Jain,
Director of Finance,
Technology Development Board,
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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Department of Science & Technology,
Block-II, 2nd Floor, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
6. Smita Puthucheri,
Project Co-ordinator,
Technology Development Board,
Department of Science & Technology,
Block-II, 2nd Floor, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016.
7. The Board of Directors of ICICI Bank,
Represented by its Chairman
and Managing Director,
ICICI Bank Ltd., Old Padra Road,
Near Chakli Circle, Vadodara,
Gujarat - 390 001.
8. Shri. Jignesh Shelani,
Authorized Officer,
ICICI Bank Head Office,
ICICI Bank Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 051.
9. Shri. Vijay Kumar,
Chief Manager,
ICICI Bank Head Office,
ICICI Bank Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 051.
10. Shri. Sandeep Bakshi,
Managing Director,
ICICI Bank Head Office,
ICICI Bank Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 051.
11. Shri. Arun Jain,
Zonal Head, ICICI Bank,
ICICI Bank Head Office,
ICICI Bank Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 051.
12. Ms. Ritu Maheshwari,
Relationship Manager,
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ICICI Bank Head Office,
ICICI Bank Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 051.
13. Ministry of Micro Small And
Medium Enterprises,
Through its Secretary, Udyog Bhawan,
Rafi Marg, New Delhi - 110 011.
14. Ministry of Finance,
Through its Secretary,
Department of Banking,
Jeevan Deep Building,
Parliament Street, New Delhi - 110 001.
15. State of Maharashtra,
Rep. by its Chief Secretary,
C.S. Office Main Building,
Mantralaya, 6th Floor,
Madame Cama Road, Mumbai,
Maharashtra - 400 032.
16. Reserve Bank of India,
Represented by its Governor,
New Central Office Building,
Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, Fort,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 001.
17. National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.,
Represented by its Managing Director & CEO,
Exchange Plaza, C-1, Block G,
Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (E),
Mumbai - 400 051.
18. Gaurang Chhotalal Shah,
Resolution Professional,
Flat No. 204, A Wing, Raj Vaibhav 1
CHS, Dhankar Wadi, Mahavir Nagar,
Kandivali (W), Mumbai - 400 067.
Also at :
1221, Maker Chambers V, Nariman Point,
Mumbai - 400 021,
Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, Fort,
Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 001.
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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19. Ministry of Corporate Affairs,
A Wing, Shastri Bhawan,
Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi - 110 001.
20. Registrar of Companies,
100, Everest, Marine Drive,
Mumbai - 400 002.
21. Bank of India,
Kanmoor House, Narshi Natha St,
near Masjid, Bhat Bazar, Chinchbunder,
Mandvi Branch, Mandvi, Mumbai - 400 009. .....Respondents
Mr. Mathews Nedumpara a/w Ms. Hemali Merva and Mr. Akhilesh Nair i/b
Nedumpara & Nedumpara for the Petitioner.
Mr. Sumedh Ruikar a/w Mr. Viraj Shelatkar & Ms. Kunjan Makawana i/b
Mr. Pradip Yadav for Respondent Nos. 1 to 6.
Mr. Rishabh Shah along with Mr. Harjot Singh Alang i/b Raval Shah & Co.
for Respondent No. 7.
Smt. Purnima H. Kantharia, Government Pleader a/w Mr. Vikrant
Parshurami, A.G.P. for Respondent No. 15-State.
Mr. Yahya Batatawala a/w Mr. Mahek Saudagar & Ms. Krushi Shah for
Respondent No. 18.
CORAM : A. S. GADKARI AND
DR. NEELA GOKHALE, JJ.
RESERVED ON : 19th SEPTEMBER 2024.
PRONOUNCED ON : 1st OCTOBER 2024.
JUDGMENT :
- (Per Dr. Neela Gokhale, J.)
1) The Petitioner seeks a declaration that being Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprise ('MSME') within the meaning of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 ('the Act') and the Notification
dated 29th May 2015 issued by the Central Government under Section 9 of
the Act, as well as circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of
India ('RBI') under Section 10 thereof providing for a mechanism for
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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resolution of stress, no proceedings for recovery under the Securitisation
and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
Act, 2002 ('SARFAESI') would lie against the Petitioner, except in the
manner contemplated under the Notification. The Petitioner also seeks a
declaration that, the Act in so far as not having created a special
forum/tribunal to adjudicate inter-se rights and obligations, the jurisdiction
of the civil Court is not ousted, amongst other allied reliefs.
2) The proceeding has a checkered history. The Petitioner is the
promoter and guarantor of a company, known as M/s. Perfect Infraengineer
Limited. The relevant chronology of the proceedings is encapsulated in brief
as follows:
2.1) A group of Petitions including that of the Petitioner were filed
before this Court raising a common issue of challenge to the action of
various banks and financial institutions of effecting recovery of loans and
other financial assistance rendered by them to the Petitioners therein on the
ground of Notification dated 29th May 2015 issued under Section 9 of the
Act. The Petition of the present Petitioner was Writ Petition (L) No.35792 of
2022 in the bunch of other Writ Petitions.
2.2) This Court, by its Judgment dated 11th January 2024 held that
considering thousands of MSMEs having raised loans from banks and Non-
Banking Financial Companies ('NBFC'), identification of stress faced by
MSMEs by the banks is not possible. Unless knowledge of incipient stress of
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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MSME is brought to the notice of the Bank, it is not possible for the Banks
to identify such stress on its own. It is the person in charge of the MSME
who is most likely to understand the beginning of the financial stress. Thus,
this Court held that the Notification can be pressed into service only after
the MSME concerned approaches the Bank with an application and by
following the appropriate procedure. Dismissing the limited argument of
the Petitioners in that matter, this Court however, granted leave to the
Petitioners to agitate the other issues in their Petitions, facts of which varied
on a case to case basis. Accordingly, the Writ Petitions were disposed off.
2.3) The Petitioner carried this Order to the Supreme Court by filing
Special Leave Petition (SLP) No.2112/2024. The Supreme Court dismissed
the SLP.
2.4) The Petitioner herein filed a Review Petition (Writ Petition) (L)
No.4048 of 2024 along with other Petitioners in the original petition. This
Court by its Order dated 19 th March 2024 dismissed the Review Petition on
the ground that reviewing the Order dismissed by the Supreme Court in the
SLP, would amount to expressing an opinion different from the one
expressed by the Supreme Court.
2.5) The Petitioner herein assailed the Order rejecting the Review
Petition before the Supreme Court by filing Special Leave Petition (C) No.
11547 of 2024 (Civil Appeal No.7233 of 2024). By its Order dated 8 th July
2024, the Supreme Court allowed the Appeal in part, to the extent that the
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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Judgment and Order dated 19 th March 2024 passed by this Court in the
Review Petition was set aside and the matter was remitted to this Court
with a request to hear and decide the Review Petition on merits and in
accordance with law.
2.6) In the meantime, the other Petitioners in the Original Petition
also filed SLP (C) No.7898 of 2024. While this SLP was pending before the
Supreme Court, the Petitioner herein approached this Court seeking hearing
of the Review Petition which was remanded by the Supreme Court. The
Review Petition was numbered as 9 of 2024.
2.7) By its Order dated 15th July 2024, the National Company Law
Tribunal ('NCLT'), Mumbai Bench, Court I, admitted Company Petition (IB)
No.322 of 2023 filed under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy
Code, 2016 ('I & B Code') filed by the Financial Creditors of the Petitioner
namely, Technology Development Board ('TDB'), the Respondent No.1
herein initiating CIRP ('Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process') process.
Moratorium under the I & B Code was also declared. Mr. Gaurang Shah, the
Respondent No.18 herein was appointed as Insolvency Resolution
Professional.
2.8) The Petitioner herein now the Corporate Debtor made
Interlocutory Applications ('IA') No.3403 of 2024, 3291 of 2024 and 3290
of 2024 before the NCLT seeking recusal of the members of the Tribunal
from hearing the Applications, seeking to implead officers' of the TDB in the
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proceedings before the NCLT and recall of Order dated 18 th March 2023,
adjourning the Company Petitions for pronouncement of orders,
respectively.
2.9) The NCLT dismissed all three applications of the
Petitioner/Corporate Debtor recording reasons by its Orders dated 15 th July
2024. It is recorded in the Order dated 15 th July 2024 in IA No.3403 of
2024 that, the Petitioner had taken a number of adjournments on various
grounds and hence, the NCLT had proceeded to pass its orders. It is also
recorded that recusal was sought on the basis of frivolous and baseless
allegations.
2.10) While these proceedings were on-going, the
Petitioner/Corporate Debtor filed another Petition bearing (L) No.18889 of
2024 with an Interim Application before this Court seeking the same relief.
This Court by its Order dated 18 th July 2024 dismissed the Interim
Applications recording in paragraph 5 of its Order that, it is necessary for
the Petitioner to assail the Orders dated 15 th July 2024 passed by the NCLT
before the Appellate Tribunal, i.e., the NCLAT which is the statutory
Appellate Forum to challenge the orders passed by the NCLT under the I &
B Code.
2.11) Before the Review Petition No.9 of 2024 could be heard, the
Supreme Court by its Order dated 1st August 2024 passed in SLP (C) No.
7898 of 2024 set aside the Judgment and Order dated 11 th January 2024
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passed by this Court in the original bunch of Petitions. The Supreme Court
held that, the instructions/directions issued by the Central Government
under Section 9 of the Act and by the RBI under Sections 21 and 35A has
statutory force and are binding on all banking companies. The Supreme
Court further held that since the proceedings under the SARFAESI Act were
concluded and the possession of assets were already taken by the banks,
there was no requirement to remand the matters to the High Courts for
hearing afresh. However, it was left open for the Petitioners to take recourse
to any legally available remedy.
2.12) On the backdrop of the Supreme Court Order dated 1 st August
2024, the Petitioner in the present matter made a statement in the Review
Petition No.9 of 2024 along with other Review Petitions that nothing
survives in the Review Petitions and the same are rendered infructuous. The
Review Petitions were accordingly disposed off by Order dated 5 th August
2024.
2.13) The Petitioner filed another three Writ Petitions (L) No.23291
of 2024, 23292 of 2024 and 23295 of 2024 before this Court. The Petitions
came up for hearing before the co-ordinate Bench (Coram: K.R.Shriram &
Jitendra Jain, JJ.) and vide its Order dated 14 th August 2024, the Bench
opined that the NCLT may consider recalling its Orders dated 15 th July 2024
and re-hear the applications and dispose the same at the earliest in
accordance with law. On this observation, the Petitioner sought leave to
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withdraw the three Writ Petitions and Petitions were accordingly dismissed
as withdrawn.
2.14) The Petitioner has now once again filed the present Writ
Petition seeking declarations as mentioned here-in-above and also assailing
Orders dated 15th July 2024 passed by the NCLT in the three I.A's filed by
the Petitioner herein.
3) Mr. Mathews Nedumpara, learned counsel appeared for the
Petitioner. Mr. Sumedh Ruikar learned counsel appeared for Respondent
Nos. 1 to 6 and Mr. Harjot Singh Alang learned counsel represented
Respondent No. 7. Smt. Purnima H. Kantharia, learned G.P. appeared for
Respondent No. 15-State. Mr. Yahya Batatawala, learned counsel
represented Respondent No. 18.
4) During the course of arguments, both the parties agreed that the
proper recourse for effective and expeditious determination of the issue in
question was to request the NCLT to grant an opportunity to the Petitioner
to be heard on the Company Petition No.322/IBC/MB/2023 filed by the
TDB against the company of the Petitioner. Admittedly, most of the Orders
passed by this Court and the NCLT, Mumbai Bench including the Orders
dated 15th July 2024 assailed herein and especially the Order admitting the
Company Petition filed by the Financial Creditors i.e, some of the
Respondents herein against the Petitioner/Corporate Debtor are prior to the
Judgment and Order dated 1st August 2024 passed by the Supreme Court
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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in SLP(C) No. 7898 of 2024. The Apex court, while setting aside Judgment
and Order dated 11th January 2024 passed by this Court, held the
instructions/directions issued by the Central Government under Section 9
of the Act and by the RBI under Sections 21 and 35A to have statutory force
and binding on all banking companies. According to Mr. Nedumpara, this
view of the Apex Court may have a bearing on the Company Petition
pending before the NCLT, Mumbai Bench. In these circumstances, the
parties agree that the Petitioner be afforded an opportunity to place on
record of the Company Petition, the Judgment and Order dated 1 st August
2024 passed by the Supreme Court and advance its arguments in that
regard.
5) Since both the parties consented to advance their respective
arguments on the Company Petition before the NCLT as mentioned above,
we direct the NCLT to grant an opportunity to the Petitioner herein to place
on record of the Company Petition No.322/IBC/MB/2023, the Judgment
and Order dated 1st August 2024 passed by the Supreme Court in SLP (C)
No.7898 of 2024 and advance its submissions in that regard and thereafter
adjudicate on the initiation of the CIRP against the Petitioner/ Corporate
Debtor. This Order is however, subject to the following terms and
conditions:-
(i) Status-quo will be maintained in so far as Order dated 15 th July 2024
passed by the NCLT, Mumbai bench in Company Petition
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No.322/IBC/MB/2023, initiating CIRP, till fresh orders are passed by it after
giving an opportunity to the Petitioner to place the Order dated 1 st August
2024 of the Supreme Court on record and advance arguments thereon by
all the parties.
(ii) The Petitioner shall not take any adjournment before the NCLT
during the hearing of the Company Petition as directed above.
In case, the Petitioner seeks an adjournment, the NCLT is at liberty to
impose exemplary costs on the Petitioner/Corporate Debtor as deemed fit
by it or in the alternative, proceed to pass orders in the Company Petition.
In such case, the status-quo as directed in Clause (i) here-in-above
shall stand vacated forthwith and the CIRP shall continue notwithstanding
the present Order.
(iii) A chart detailing proceedings instituted by the Petitioner in various
forums regarding the same issue is placed on record. The following
proceedings pertaining the issue involved in this Petition are pending before
various Courts, including this Court:
Sr.No. Proceedings Court before which the
proceeding is pending
1. Suit (l) No.11395 of 2022 City Civil Court, Mumbai.
2. Appeal From Order No.552 of 2022 High Court, Bombay.
3. Criminal Writ Petition No.3317 of High Court, Bombay.
4. Criminal Writ Petition No.2570 of High Court, Delhi.
5. Writ Petition No.4901 of 2022 High Court, Bombay.
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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6. Appeal From Order No.285 of 2023 High Court, Bombay.
7. Commercial Suit (l) No.27512 of High Court, Bombay.
8. Writ Petition No.2614 of 2024 High Court, Bombay.
9. Writ Petition (l) No.4667 of 2024 High Court, Bombay.
10. Writ Petition (l) No.16964 of 2024 High Court, Bombay.
11. Writ Petition (l) No.26313 of 2024 High Court, Bombay
12. SLP(C) No. 21367 of 2024 Supreme Court of India.
13. Review Petition (l) No.28352 of
2024 in Writ Petition (l) No.4667 of High Court, Bombay.
Save and except the Commercial Suit (l) No. 27512 of 2023 and A.O.
No.285 of 2023 in Review Petition No.22 of 2023, the Petitioner undertakes
and shall withdraw all the aforenoted tabulated proceedings pending before
this Court or any other High Court or before the Hon'ble Supreme Court
involving the questions of law raised in these proceedings within a period of
one week from the date of this Order and/or shall not pursue the same in
future. The Petitioner shall also withdraw any other proceeding initiated by
her pertaining to the issue involved in the present Petition.
(iv) The NCLT is requested to decide the aforesaid Company
Petition at the earliest and preferably within a period of two weeks from the
date of commencement of hearing of the Company Petition. The parties
shall present themselves before the NCLT on 16 th October 2024 at 10.30
a.m. and produce this Order before it.
6) The parties herein have agreed to the aforesaid conditions for
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
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requesting the NCLT to hear the Company Petition, which we accept.
7) These conditions are binding on all parties to this Petition,
including the promoters, directors, managers, representatives etc., by
whatever name called, of the Corporate Debtor i.e., the Company of the
Petitioner.
8) All rights and contentions of all the parties are left open.
9) This Order is only in respect of Company Petition
No.322/IBC/MB/2023 filed by the Respondent No.1 herein, which was
admitted by Order dated 15th July 2024 initially CIRP against the
Petitioner/Corporate Debtor.
In view of this Order by consent, the other Orders dated 15 th
July 2024 on IA Nos.3403 of 2024, 3291 of 2024 and 3290 of 2024 seeking
recusal of members of NCLT, impleading officers of TDB, etc. are redundant
and are set aside.
10) The Petition is accordingly disposed off in the aforesaid terms.
11) All the concerned to act on the basis of an authenticated copy
of this Order.
(DR. NEELA GOKHALE, J.) (A. S. GADKARI, J.)
Digitally
signed by
SHAMBHAVI
SHAMBHAVI NILESH
NILESH SHIVGAN
SHIVGAN Date:
2024.10.15
18:03:05
+0530
This Judgment is corrected pursuant to the 'Speaking to the Minutes' order dated 14 th October 2024.
