Shankar S/O Prakash Nannaware vs The Scheduled Tribe Certificate ...
2017 Latest Caselaw 9656 Bom

                               1
                                                         wp5449.13.odt

   IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
             NAGPUR BENCH, NAGPUR

                  Writ Petition No.5449 of 2013

  Shankar s/o Prakash Nannaware,
  Aged about 21 years,
  Occupation - Student,
  R/o Bhagwanpur,
  Post - Adyal,
  Tah. Brahmapuri,
  Distt. Chandrapur.                              ... Petitioner


       Versus


  1. The Scheduled Tribe Certificates
     Scrutiny Committee,
     Gadchiroli, Division Nagpur,
     through its Chairman,
     Office at Complex Area,
     Near Zilla Parishad Sankul,
     Gadchiroli,
     Tah. & Distt. Chandrapur.

  2. Tribal Development Department,
     through its Secretary,
     Mantralaya,
     Mumbai-32.

  3. The State of Maharashtra,
     through its Secretary,
     Education Department,
     Mantralaya,
     Mumbai-32.




::: Uploaded on - 18/12/2017                 ::: Downloaded on - 19/12/2017 01:42:22 :::
                                    2
                                                                  wp5449.13.odt

  4. The Director,
     Maharashtra State Education
     Research & Training Institute,
     M.S., Pune.

  5. The Principal,
     Barister Rajabhau Khobragade 
     Adhgyapak Vidyalaya (D.T.Ed.),
     Brahmapuri,
     Tah. Bramhapuri,
     Distt. Chandrapur.

  6. The Deputy Director of Education,
     Nagpur Division, Sadar, Nagpur,
     Tahsil and District Nagpur.                        ... Respondents


  Shri P.P. Dhok, Advocate for Petitioner.
  Shri M.K. Pathan, Assistant Government Pleader for Respondent 
  Nos.1 to 4 and 6.


               Coram : R.K. Deshpande & M.G. Giratkar, JJ.

Date : 15th December, 2017

Oral Judgment (Per R.K. Deshpande, J.) :

1. The challenge in this petition is to the order

dated 16-4-2013 passed by the Scheduled Tribe Certificate

Scrutiny Committee, Gadchiroli, Division Nagpur, invalidating

the caste claim of the petitioner for 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe',

which is an entry at Serial No.18 in the Constitution (Scheduled

wp5449.13.odt

Tribes) Order, 1950 and cancelling and confiscating the caste

certificate dated 15-9-2008 issued by the Sub-Divisional Officer,

Bramhapuri, District Chandrapur, and produced by the petitioner

for validation.

2. Before the said Committee, the petitioner produced total

six documents on record in support of his claim for 'Mana,

Scheduled Tribe', which is an entry at Serial No.18 in the

Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. The Police

Vigilance Cell conducted the home enquiry in respect of the

three documents and found the said documents to be genuine.

The oldest document produced on record is the revenue record

of the year 1921-22 in the name of Dhrama, the great

grandfather of the petitioner, in which the caste 'Mana' was

entered. The next document is the extract of the school

admission register in the name of Shamrao, the uncle of the

petitioner, wherein the caste 'Mana' was entered on 12-5-1961.

The other documents subsequent to the said period also indicate

the caste 'Mana' and there is not even a single document

wp5449.13.odt

showing the caste of the paternal/blood relations other than

'Mana'. Significantly, the caste validity certificate

dated 6-3-2007 issued in the name of Mahipal, the cousin

brother of the petitioner, is also produced on record, validating

his claim for 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'.

3. In para 14 of its order, the Committee holds that so far

as the documentary evidence placed on record is concerned, the

caste of the petitioner and his forefathers is consistently recorded

as 'Mana' in the school and revenue record during the period

from 1921-22 to 1999. However, it rejects the claim of the

petitioner by applying the affinity test and recording the reasons

as under :

(a) that 'Mana' community was included in the list of Scheduled Tribes in relation to the State of Maharashtra for the first time in the year 1960, that too in the specified area only, and the petitioner has failed to establish that he or his forefathers hail from the said area and migrated to the present place of their residence, from the said specified scheduled

wp5449.13.odt

area,

(b) that there are non-tribal communities like 'Badwaik Mana', 'Khand Mana', 'Kshatriya Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', 'Maratha Mana', 'Gond Mana', 'Mani'/'Mane', etc., and the petitioner has failed to satisfy crucial affinity test to establish that he belongs to 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe', which is an entry at Serial No.18 in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950,

(c) that in the year 1967, 'Mana' community was included in the list of Other Backward Classes at Serial No.268 and later on in the list of Special Backward Classes at Serial No.2 in relation to the State of Maharashtra, and

(d) that the documents produced simply indicate the caste as 'Mana' and not 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'.

4. In the decision of this Court in Writ Petition No.3308

of 2013 [Gajanan s/o Pandurang Shende v. The Head-Master,

Govt. Ashram School, Dongargaon Salod, Tah. Sindewahi, Distt.

Chandrapur, and others] decided on 8-11-2017, we have dealt

wp5449.13.odt

with all the aforesaid reasoning and we point out below what we

have held in the said decision :

5. In para 5 of the decision in Gajanan's case, we have

held that the Committee was wrong in holding that 'Mana'

community was included in the list of Scheduled Tribes Order in

relation to the State of Maharashtra for the first time in the year

1960. We have also held that in fact, the said community was

included in the said Order in the year 1956.

6. On the aspect of original place of residence and

migration, we have held in para 7 of the said decision as under :

"7. ... The Act No.108 of 1976 was published in the gazette on 29-9-1976, and the area restriction of Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra for all the tribes, including 'Mana' tribe, was deleted. The members of different tribes or communities in the State of Maharashtra included in Entry No.18, are treated and conferred with the status of recognized Scheduled Tribes, irrespective of their place of residence in the

wp5449.13.odt

State. The net result of such deletion was that the two- fold requirements of ordinary place of residence in tribal areas and migration to non-tribal areas, was done away with."

7. Relying upon the decision of the Apex Court in the

case of Jaywant Dilip Pawar v. State of Maharashtra & Ors.,

delivered in Civil Appeal No.2336 of 2011 on 8-3-2017, we have

held in Gajanan's case that the petitioner was not required to

establish that either his forefathers were the ordinary residents

of the place meant for the tribals in the Constitution (Scheduled

Tribes) Order prevailing prior to 1976 or that his forefathers

migrated from the said area to the present place of residence.

We have also held that the Committee was in error in taking

such a view.

8. On the other aspect that there are non-tribal

communities like 'Badwaik Mana', 'Khand Mana', 'Kshatriya

Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', 'Maratha Mana', 'Gond Mana',

'Mani'/'Mane', etc., we have considered the impact of the

wp5449.13.odt

Constitution Bench decision of the Apex Court in the case of

State of Maharashtra v. Milind, reported in 2001(1) Mh.L.J. 1,

which overruled earlier decision in the case of Dina v.

Narayansing, reported in 38 ELR 212. We have held in para 11

of the decision in Gajanan's case as under :

"11. ... The effect of overruling of the decision in Dina's case is that the entry 'Mana', which is now in the cluster of tribes at Serial No.18 in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, has to be read as it is and no evidence can be let in, to explain that entry 'Mana' means the one which is either a 'sub-tribe of Gond' or synonym of 'Gond' and/or it is not a sub-tribe either of 'Maratha' or of any other caste or tribe."

In para 12 of the said decision, we have held as

under :

"12. ... To hold that 'Mana' in Entry No.18 in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order does not include 'Kashtriya Badwaik Mana', 'Maratha Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', etc., would amount to permitting evidence to be

wp5449.13.odt

let in to exclude certain 'Mana' communities from the recognized Scheduled Tribe. Such tinkering with the Presidential Order is not permissible. Once it is established that 'Mana' is a tribe or even a sub-tribe, it is not permissible to say that it is not a recognized Scheduled Tribe in Entry No.18 of the Order. The Scrutiny Committee has failed to understand such effect of overruling the decision in Dina's case."

In view of the Constitution Bench decision in Milind's

case, we hold that it is not permissible to invoke the affinity test

to exclude certain 'Mana' communities from the recognized

Scheduled Tribe.

9. On the aspect of inclusion of 'Mana' communities in

the lists of Other Backward Classes and Special Backward

Classes, we have relied upon the decision of this Court in Mana

Adim Jamat Mandal v. State of Maharashtra, reported in 2003(3)

Mh.L.J. 513, which is confirmed by the Apex Court in its decision

in the case of State of Maharashtra v. Mana Adim Jamat Mandal,

reported in (2006) 4 SCC 98. We have held in paras 13 and 14

wp5449.13.odt

of Gajanan's case as under :

"13. ... This view has been confirmed by the Apex Court in the case of State of Maharashtra & Ors. v. Mana Adim Jamat Mandal, reported in (2006) 4 SCC 98, and it is specifically held that 'Mana' is a separate Scheduled Tribe by itself included in Entry No.18 of the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order and it is not a sub-tribe of 'Gond'."

"14. This Court has held and it is confirmed by the Apex Court in the aforesaid decisions that even if it is assumed that there was a separate entity, which is called as 'Mana' in Vidarbha Region, which has no affinity with 'Gond' tribe, that community would also fall within the scope of the Scheduled Tribes Order by virtue of the Amendment Act, 1976, and the State Government was not entitled to issue orders or circulars or resolutions contrary thereto. It holds that since under Entry 18, 'Manas' are specifically included in the list of Scheduled Tribes in relation to the State of Maharashtra, 'Manas' throughout the State must be deemed to be Scheduled Tribe by reason of provisions of the Scheduled Tribes Order. Once 'Manas' throughout

wp5449.13.odt

the State are entitled to be treated as a Scheduled Tribe by reason of the Scheduled Tribes Order as it now stands, it is not open to the State Government to say otherwise, as it has purported to do in various Government Resolutions. It further holds that it is not open to the State Government or, indeed to this Court to embark upon an enquiry to determine whether a section of 'Manas' was excluded from the benefit of the Scheduled Tribes Order."

The Apex Court has held that 'Mana' is a separate

Scheduled Tribe in Entry No.18 and it is not a sub-tribe of

'Gond'. The Division Bench of this Court has held that it is not

open to the State Government or indeed to this Court to embark

upon an enquiry to determine whether a section of 'Manas' was

excluded from the benefit of Scheduled Tribes Order. In para 15

of Gajanan's case, we have held that the Committee was clearly

in error in holding that 'Mana' community was included in the

list of Other Backward Classes and later on in the list of Special

Backward Classes, and though the petitioner has established that

he belongs to 'Mana' community, it is not established that he

wp5449.13.odt

belongs to 'Mana Scheduled Tribe'.

10. On the aspect of carving out a distinction that the

documents of pre-Independence, produced on record, simply

indicating the caste as 'Mana' and not 'Mana Scheduled Tribe',

we have relied upon the decision of the Apex Court in the case of

E.V. Chinnaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh, reported in

2004(9) SCALE 316. We have held in para 18 of Gajanan's case

as under :

"18. Applying the law laid down in E.V. Chinnaiah's case, it has to be held in the facts of the present that once it is clear that 'Mana' community is included in entry No.18 of the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, it has to be read as it is, representing a class of 'Mana' as a whole and it is not permissible either for the Executive or for the Scrutiny Committee to artificially sub-divide or sub-classify 'Mana' community as one having different groups, like 'Badwaik Mana', 'Khand Mana', 'Kshatriya Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', 'Maratha Mana', 'Gond Mana', 'Mani/Mane', etc., for the purposes of grant of benefits available to a

wp5449.13.odt

recognized Scheduled Tribe. To exclude such persons from the entry 'Mana', to be recognized as Scheduled Tribe, amounts to interference, re-arrangement, re- grouping or re-classifying the caste 'Mana', found in the Presidential Order and would be violative not only of Article 342, but also of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. The classification of entry 'Mana" in different categories, like 'Badwaik Mana', 'Khand Mana', 'Kshatriya Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', 'Maratha Mana', 'Gond Mana', 'Mani'/'Mane', etc., for the purpose of conferring a status as a recognized Scheduled Tribe is artificial and without any authority. The Committee has, therefore, committed an error in rejecting the claim by holding that the documents produced simply indicate the caste 'Mana' and not 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'."

We have held that after following the decision in

E.V. Chinnaiah's case that 'Mana' community throughout the

State is a class as a whole and to artificially explain or sub-divide

it to exclude different groups like 'Badwaik Mana', 'Khand Mana',

'Kshatriya Mana', 'Kunbi Mana', 'Mani'/'Mane', etc., for denying

benefits of recognized Scheduled Tribe is not only without any

authority but violative of Articles 14 and 342 of the Constitution

wp5449.13.odt

of India. We have held that the Committee was in error in

rejecting the claim by holding that the documents produced

simply indicate the caste 'Mana' and not 'Mana Scheduled Tribe'.

11. In para 19 of the said decision, we have held that the

concept of recognized Scheduled Tribe for the purposes of giving

benefits and concessions was not prevailing prior to 1950 and,

therefore, only caste or community to which a person belonged

was stated in the birth, school and revenue records maintained.

We have also held that the documents are issued in the printed

format, which contains a column under the heading 'Caste' and

there is no column of tribe. We have held that irrespective of the

fact that it is a tribe, the name of tribe is not shown in the

column of caste, and while entering the name of caste or tribe,

the distinction between the caste and the tribe is ignored.

12. On the aspect of primacy of documents over the affinity

test, we have relied upon the decision of the Apex Court in the

case of Anand v. Committee for Scrutiny and Verification of Tribe

wp5449.13.odt

Claims and others, reported in (2012) 1 SCC 113, and applied the

broad parameters laid down therein. We have held that in view

of the said decision of the Apex Court that the affinity test is to

be used to corroborate the documentary evidence and it is not to

be used as the sole criteria to reject a claim.

13. In the light of the decision of the Apex Court in Anand's

case, cited supra, and the finding recorded by the Committee in

para 14 of its order that all the documents produced by the

petitioner from 1921-22 to 1999 consistently show the caste as

'Mana' recorded in the name of the paternal relatives of the

petitioner, the Committee was in error to invoke the affinity test

to reject the claim of the petitioner. The overwhelming evidence

produced on record establishes the claim of the petitioner for

'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'. The Committee also failed to notice a

caste validity certificate issued in the name of the cousin brother

of the petitioner, which was procured by the police vigilance cell.

The cousin brother of the petitioner was granted the certificate

validating his claim for 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'. In view of the

wp5449.13.odt

decision of the Apex Court in Anand's case, cited supra, and the

decision of the Division Bench of this Court in the case of

Apporva d/o Vinay Nichade v. Divisional Caste Certificate Scrutiny

Committee No.1 and others, reported in 2010(6) Mh.L.J. 401, the

Committee had no option but to grant the certificate in favour of

the petitioner for 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe', in the absence of any

finding that there was any fraud or misrepresentation in

obtaining the caste validity certificate by the cousins of the

petitioner. Thus, the findings recorded by the Committee cannot

be sustained and the order impugned needs to be quashed and

set aside.

14. In the result, the petition is allowed in the following

terms :

(i) The order dated 16-4-2013 passed by the

Scheduled Tribe Certificate Scrutiny Committee,

Gadchiroli, Division Nagpur, is hereby quashed and set

aside.

wp5449.13.odt

(ii) The certificate dated 15-9-2008 issued by the

Sub-Divisional Officer, Bramhapuri, District Chandrapur,

certifying that the petitioner belongs to caste 'Mana,

Scheduled Tribe', which is an entry at Serial No.18 in

the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, is held

to be valid, and it is declared that the petitioner has

established his claim for 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'.

(iii) The Committee is directed to issue a validity

certificate in the name of the petitioner accordingly

within a period of one month from the date of

producing the copy of this judgment by the petitioner to

it.

(iv) The respondent Nos.4 to 6 are directed to release

all the documents and concessions to the petitioner, if

they are withheld for want of caste validity certificate,

within a period of two weeks from the date of

production of the copy of this judgment by the petitioner

wp5449.13.odt

before them, by treating the petitioner as a candidate

belonging to 'Mana, Scheduled Tribe'.

15. Rule is made absolute in the aforesaid terms. No order

as to costs.

(M.G. Giratkar, J.) (R.K. Deshpande, J.)

Lanjewar, PS