Citation : 2023 Latest Caselaw 6603 Raj/2
Judgement Date : 1 December, 2023
[2023:RJ-JP:37305]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
BENCH AT JAIPUR
S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 22072/2018
Sonika Singh Daughter Of Virendra Pratap Singh, Aged About 34
Years, Resident Of Purani Mandi, Atru, Tehsil Atru, District Baran
(Rajasthan).
----Petitioner
Versus
1. The Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Through Its
Secretary, Ajmer (Rajasthan).
2. The Director, Secondary Education, Bikaner (Rajasthan).
----Respondents
For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Bharat Yadav For Respondent(s) : Mr. M.S. Singhvi learned Advocate General with Mr. Siddhant Jain
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE GANESH RAM MEENA
Judgment / Order
01/12/2023
1. The factual matrix of the case is that the petitioner
possessed the Degree of Post Graduate Biotechnology and
B.Ed. having qualification for School Teacher. She being
qualified for recruitment to the post of Sr. Teacher Gr.II
(Science) applied for recruitment under the Advertisement
No.8/18 issued by the respondents on 9.4.2018. The last
date of submitting the application form was 9.6.2018 and the
petitioner submitted her application form No. 201803821695
on 24.5.2018 with the mention of her marital status as
'married'.
It is also a fact on record that a decree of divorce
was passed on 11.9.2018 by the Court of learned Addl.
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District Judge, Chhabra, District Baran (Rajasthan) on the
joint application filed by the petitioner and her husband under
section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act.
2. Counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that
though the petitioner has applied for recruitment to the post
of Sr. Teacher Gr.II (Science) pursuant to advertisement
No.8/2018 under the General Woman Category but since
divorce decree has been passed on the mutual consent and
joint application on 11.9.2018, her candidature should have
been considered by the respondents against the vacancies
reserved for divorcee category. He further submits that non-
consideration of the candidature of the petitioner under the
divorcee category, be declared illegal, arbitrary and
unconstitutional and the respondents be directed to allow the
petitioner against the vacancies reserved for divorcee
category on the post of Sr. Teacher Gr.II (Science).
3. Shri M.S. Singhvi, learned Advocate General
assisted by Mr. Siddhant Jain, submits that the eligibility of a
candidate for a particular post on the basis of his/her
educational qualifications and the other requirements and so
also his /her candidature under a particular category, is
considered on the basis of the requisite documents possessed
by that candidate on the last date of submission of the
application form if no other date has been given in the
advertisement or in the rules. He further submits that the
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petitioner filled up the application form for recruitment on
the post of Sr. Teacher Gr.II (Science) mentioning her marital
status as 'married' and on the last date of submitting the
application form she was not having a decree of divorce. So
also in view of the terms and conditions of the advertisement,
no candidate can be allowed to change his/ her category after
the last date of submitting the application form or the date
upto which the candidates are allowed to make amendments
in their application forms. He also submits that the last date
for submitting the application from in the present case was
9.6.2018 and on the last date the petitioner was not having
the decree of divorce from the Competent Court. Therefore,
her candidature in divorcee category in any no manner could
be considered.
In support of his submissions Shri M.S. Singhvi,
learned Advocate General has placed reliance upon the
following judgments:-
1. Hirandra Kumar Vs. High Court of Judicature at Allahabad & Anr., reported in (2020) 17 SCC 401; and
(2) Piyush Kaviya & Ors. Vs. The Rajasthan Public Service Commission & Ors. (DB Spl. Appl. Writ No.198/2018 & Other connected special appeals) decided on 10.04.2018 by the Division Bench of the Principal Seat at Jodhpur.
4. Considered the submissions made by the counsel
appearing for the petitioner as well as the learned Advocate
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General Shri M.S. Singhvi and also perused the material
made available on record with the petition.
5. The admitted facts on record are that the
advertisement No.8/2018 for recruitment on the post of Sr.
Teacher Gr.II (Science) was issued on 9.4.2018 and the last
date for submitting the application form was fixed as
9.6.2018 and further the divorce decree was passed on the
joint application of the petitioner and her husband on
11.9.2018 by the Court of learned Addl. District Judge,
Chhabra, District Baran (Rajasthan) i.e. after the last date of
submitting the application form.
6. It is a well settled law that the eligibility of a
candidate for recruitment to a post as well as under a
particular category is considered on the basis of requirements
which a candidate should possess on the last date of
submission of the application form if otherwise no date is
given under the advertisement or in the relevant rules.
In the special note No.2 given at internal page No.3
of the advertisement dated 9.4.2018 it has been specifically
stated that after passing of the date for amendments/
corrections in the Online application form no-one can have
any legal right to seek corrections in the application form of
any nature.
7. The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Hirandra
Kumar (supra), relied upon by Shri M.S. Singhvi, learned
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Advocate General, in paragraphs No.21 to 26 has observed as
under:-
"21. The legal principles which govern the determination of a cut-off date are well settled. The power to fix a cut-off date or age limit is incidental to the regulatory control which an authority exercises over the selection process. A certain degree of arbitrariness may appear on the face of any cut-off or age limit which is prescribed, since a candidate on the wrong side of the line may stand excluded as a consequence. That, however, is no reason to hold that the cut-off which is prescribed, is arbitrary. In order to declare that a cut-off is arbitrary and ultra vires, it must be of such a nature as to lead to the conclusion that it has been fixed without any rational basis whatsoever or is manifestly unreasonable so as to lead to a conclusion of a violation of Article 14 of the Constitution.
22. Several decisions of this Court have dealt with the issue. In Dr. Ami Lal Bhat v. State of Rajasthan MANU/SC/0772/1997 : (1997) 6 SCC 614, a two judge Bench of this Court dealt with the provisions contained in the Rajasthan Medical Services (Collegiate Branch) Rules, 1962. Rule 11(1) prescribed that a candidate for direct recruitment should not have attained the age of 35 years on the first day of January following the last date fixed for the receipt of applications. Rejecting the contention that the cut-off was arbitrary, this Court held that the fixation of a cut-off prescribing maximum or minimum age requirements for a post
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is in the discretion of the Rule making authority. The Court held thus:
"5....In the first place the fixing of a cut-off date for determining the maximum or minimum age prescribed for a post is not, per se, arbitrary. Basically, the fixing of a cut-off date for determining the maximum or minimum age required for a post, is in the discretion of the rule-making authority or the employer as the case may be. One must accept that such a cut-off cannot be fixed with any mathematical precision and in such a manner as would avoid hardship in all conceivable cases. As soon as a cut-off date is fixed there will be some persons who fall on the right side of the cut-off date and some persons who will fall on the wrong side of the cut-off date. That cannot make the cut-off date, per se, arbitrary unless the cut-off date is so wide off the mark as to make it wholly unreasonable."
The same view has been adopted in other decisions, including those in (i) State of Bihar v. Ramjee Prasad MANU/SC/0418/1990 : (1990) 3 SCC 368 ("Ramjee Prasad"); (ii) Union of India v. Sudheer Kumar Jaiswal MANU/SC/0540/1994 : (1994) 4 SCC 212 ("Sudheer Kumar Jaiswal"); (iii) Union of India v. Shivbachan Rai (2001) 9 SCC 356 ("Shivbachan Rai"); and (iv) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research v. Ramesh Chandra Agarwal MANU/SC/8455/2008 : (2009) 3 SCC 35 ("Ramesh Chandra Agarwal").
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23. In Ramjee Prasad (supra), the State issued advertisements for the post of Assistant Professors and prescribed 31 January 1988 as the last date for the receipt of applications. Applicants must have had three years of experience. Contending that applicants could not meet the prescribed requirement of experience by the date prescribed, the cut-off date was challenged as being arbitrary and ultra vires Article 14 of the Constitution. A two judge Bench of this Court upheld the cut-off date and held thus:
"8. ....... It is obvious that in fixing the last date as January 31, 1988 the State Government had only followed the past practice and if the High Court's attention had been invited to this fact it would perhaps have refused to interfere since its interference is based on the erroneous belief that the past practice was to fix June 30 of the relevant year as the last date for receipt of applications. Except for leaning on a past practice the High Court has not assigned any reasons for its choice of the date. As pointed out by this Court the choice of date cannot be dubbed as arbitrary even if no particular reason is forthcoming for the same unless it is shown to be capricious or whimsical or wide off the reasonable mark. The choice of the date for advertising the posts had to depend on several factors, e.g. the number of vacancies in different disciplines, the need to fill up the posts, the availability of candidates, etc. It is not the case of anyone that experienced candidates were not available in sufficient
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numbers on the cut-off date. Merely because the Respondents and some others would qualify for appointment if the last date for receipt of applications is shifted from January 31, 1988 to June 30, 1988 is no reason for dubbing the earlier date as arbitrary or irrational."
24. In Sudhir Kumar Jaiswal (supra), the date with reference to which the age eligibility of a person desirous of sitting in the competitive examination for recruitment to the Indian Administrative Service/Indian Foreign Service was fixed as 1 August of every year. The preliminary exam would normally be held annually before 1 August. Rejecting the contention that that the cut-off date is arbitrary and hence ultra vires, a two judge Bench of this Court held thus:
"5. As to when choice of a cut-off date can be interfered was opined by Holmes, J. in Louisville Gas & Electric Co. v. Clell Coleman [277 US 32: 72 L Ed 770 (1927)] by stating that if the fixation be "very wide of any reasonable mark", the same can be regarded arbitrary. What was observed by Holmes, J. was cited with approval by a Bench of this Court in Union of India v. Parameswaran Match Works [MANU/SC/0094/1974 : (1975) 1 SCC 305 : AIR 1974 SC 2349] (in paragraph 10) by also stating that choice of a date cannot always be dubbed as arbitrary even if no
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particular reason is forthcoming for the choice unless it is shown to be capricious or whimsical in the circumstances. It was further pointed out where a point or line has to be, there is no mathematical or logical way of fixing it precisely, and so, the decision of the legislature or its delegate must be accepted unless it can be said that it is very wide of any reasonable mark.
6. The aforesaid decision was cited with approval in D.G. Gouse and Co. v. State of Kerala [MANU/SC/0330/1980 : (1980) 2 SCC 410 : AIR 1980 SC 271]; so also in State of Bihar v. Ramjee Prasad [MANU / SC/ 0418 / 1990 : (1990) 3 SCC 368] ...
7. In this context, it would also be useful to state that when a court is called upon to decide such a matter, mere errors are not subject to correction in exercise of power of judicial review; it is only its palpable arbitrary exercise which can be declared to be void...
8. ...As to why the cut-off date has not been changed despite the decision to hold preliminary examination, has been explained in paragraph 3 of the special leave petition. The sum and substance of the explanation is that preliminary examination is only a screening test and marks obtained in this examination do not count for determining the order of merit, for which purpose the marks obtained in the main examination, which is still
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being held after 1st August, alone are material. In view of this, it cannot be held that continuation of treating 1st August as the cut- off date, despite the Union Public Service Commission having introduced the method of preliminary examination which is held before 1st August, can be said to be "very wide off any reasonable mark" or so capricious or whimsical as to permit judicial interference.
25. In Shivbachan Rai (supra), the Union Public Service Commission advertised for direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Director in the Central Poultry Breeding Farms and prescribed an age limit of 35 years as on 31 May 1990 with a relaxation of five years for government servants. The earlier notification did not provide a limitation on the age relaxation. The five-year stipulation was challenged as being arbitrary and ultra vires. A two judge Bench upheld the notification and held thus:
"6. ...Prescribing of any age limit for a given post, as also deciding the extent to which any relaxation can be given if an age limit is prescribed, are essentially matters of policy. It is, therefore, open to the Government while framing Rules under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution to prescribe such age limits or to prescribe the extent to which any relaxation can be given. Prescription of such limit or the extent of relaxation to be given, cannot be
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termed as arbitrary or unreasonable. The only basis on which the Respondent moved the Central Administrative Tribunal was the earlier Rules of 1976 under which, though an age limit was prescribed, a limit had not been placed on the extent of relaxation which could be granted. If at all any charge of arbitrariness can be levied in such cases, not prescribing any basis for granting relaxation when no limit is placed on the extent of relaxation, might lead to arbitrariness in the exercise of power of relaxation...."
26. In Ramesh Chandra Agarwal (supra), the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research framed a scheme for the absorption of researchers working in their laboratories and institutes following the directions of this Court. It was prescribed that eligible applicants must have 15 years of continuous research on 2 May 1997. The Director was conferred powers to relax the requirement. Contending that that the tenure of researchers is ordinarily 13 years, the prescription of 15 years was challenged as being ultra vires and arbitrary. This contention was accepted by the High Court. On appeal, a two judge Bench of this Court examined the scheme and applicable avenues to researchers. Noting that there was no ceiling of 13 years on researchers, this Court upheld the prescription of 15 years and the cut- off date. The Court held thus:
"29. "State" is entitled to fix a cut-off date.
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Such a decision can be struck down only when it is arbitrary. Its invalidation may also depend upon the question as to whether it has a rational nexus with the object sought to be achieved. 2-5-1997 was the date fixed as the cut-off date in terms of the Scheme. The reason assigned therefore was that this was the date when this Court directed the Appellants to consider framing of a regularisation scheme. They could have picked up any other date. They could have even picked up the date of the judgment passed by the Central Administrative Tribunal. As rightly contended by Mr. Patwalia, by choosing 2-5-1997 as the cut- off date, no illegality was committed. Ex facie, it cannot be said to be arbitrary.
30. The High Court, however, proceeded on the basis that the cut-off date should have been the date of issuance of the notification. The employer in this behalf has a choice. Its discretion can be held to be arbitrary but then the High Court only with a view to show sympathy to some of the candidates could not have fixed another date, only because according to it, another date was more suitable. In law it was not necessary. The Court's power of judicial review in this behalf although exists but is limited in the sense that the impugned action can be struck down only when it is found to be arbitrary. It is possible that by reason of
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such a cut-off date an employee misses his chance very narrowly. Such hazards would be there in all the services. Only because it causes hardship to a few persons or a Section of the employees may not by itself be a good ground for directing fixation of another cut-off date."
The Division Bench of the Principal Seat at Jodhpur
in the case of Piyush Kaviya & Ors. (supra), relied upon by
Shri M.S. Singhvi, learned Advocate General, in paragraphs
No.29 to 32 has observed as under:-
"29. It needs to be highlighted that seeking public employment the number of applicants swell into thousands for every appointment offered. The cumbersome process of processing the applications manually and at each stage of the selection process manual intervention being time consuming, aid of technology is being taken. On-line applications are being received. Opportunities to correct mistakes in the on-line application forms are provided by opening a window period. When the window period closes, the forms, applications etc. as amended are processed. The computer generates the admit cards. The results of the examination are fed in the computer for various categories of posts and in the instant case, the number being 30, select list based on merits and categories are generated by the computer. The candidates need to be vigilant and specially when, as in the instant advertisement, they were
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cautioned time and again to check their particulars and a window period within which corrections could be made was made available to the candidates.
30. Whilst it may be true that every endeavour should be made to induct meritorious candidates but at the same time administrative inconvenience caused by permitting applicants to correct errors committed by them has to be kept in mind. It serves public interest that appointments to civil posts are made as early as possible.
31. Thus, the conflict between merit and public interest subserved by timely filling up of public posts has to be balanced. The balance is stuck in the instant case by giving a window period to the candidates to correct the on-line application forms. The balance was stuck by prohibiting any application to be submitted after last date notified.
32. The writ petitioners were negligent. They never disclosed in the on-line application forms submitted that they were non-gazetted Government employees. Thus, it was too late in the day for them to seek change in the category in which they had applied after the admit cards were issued by informing the Commission that they were non-gazetted Government employees."
8. This Court in the case of Rekha Sharma Vs. State
of Rajasthan & Anr. (SB Civil Writ Petition No.
18802/2023) decided on 28.11.2023 has observed as
under:-
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"8. The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of J&K Public Service Commission vs. Israr Ahmad, reported in (2005) 12 SCC 498, in para 5 has observed as under:-
"We have considered the rival contentions advanced by both the parties. The contention of the first Respondent cannot be accepted as he has not applied for the selection as a candidate entitled to get reservation. He did not produce any certificate along with his application. The fact that he has not availed the benefit for the preliminary examination itself is sufficient to treat him as a candidate not entitled to get reservation. He passed the preliminary examination as a general candidate and at the subsequent stage of the main examination he cannot avail the reservation on the ground that he was successful in getting the required certificate only at a later stage. The nature and status of the candidate who was applying for the selection could only be treated alike and once a candidate has chosen to opt for the category to which he is entitled, he cannot later change the status and make fresh claim. The Division Bench was not correct in holding that as a candidate he had also had the qualification and the production of the certificate at a later stage would make him entitled to seek reservation. Therefore, we set aside
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the judgment of the Division Bench and allow the appeal. No costs."
9. The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Ankita Thakur & Ors. Vs. The H.P. Staff Selection Commission & Ors., decided on November 9, 2023 (Civil Appeal No.7602 of 2023 with four other connected matters) apart from other issues framed an issue No.(i) 'Whether relaxation in the essential eligibility qualifications could be made post the last date fixed for receipt of application from the candidates?'. The Hon'ble Apex Court decided the aforesaid issue No.(i) as under:-
"Issue No.(i)
24. It is well settled that eligibility criteria / conditions, unless provided otherwise in the extant rules or the advertisement, must be fulfilled by the candidate by the last date for receipt of applications specified in the advertisement [See: Rakesh Kumar Sharma (supra)].
25. In Bedanga Talukdar (supra), this Court observed:
"29. ............... In our opinion, it is too well settled to need any further reiteration that all appointments to public office have to be made in conformity with Article 14 of the Constitution of India. In other words, there must be no arbitrariness resulting from any undue favour being shown to any candidate. Therefore, the selection process has to be conducted strictly in accordance
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with the stipulated selection procedure. Consequently, when a particular schedule is mentioned in an advertisement, the same has to be scrupulously maintained. There cannot be any relaxation in the terms and conditions of the advertisement unless such a power is specifically reserved. Such a power could be reserved in the relevant statutory rules. Even if power of relaxation is provided in the rules, it must still be mentioned in the advertisement. In the absence of such power in the rules, it could still be provided in the advertisement. However, the power of relaxation, if exercised, has to be given due publicity. This would be necessary to ensure that those candidates who become eligible due to the relaxation, are afforded an equal opportunity to apply and compete. Relaxation of any condition in advertisement without due publication would be contrary to the mandate of equality contained in Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India.
30. A perusal of the advertisement in this case will clearly show that there was no power of relaxation. In our opinion, the High Court committed an error in directing that the condition with regard to the submission of the disability certificate either along with the application form or before appearing in the preliminary examination could be relaxed in the case of
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Respondent 1. Such a course would not be permissible as it would violate the mandate of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India.
32. .......... It is settled law that there can be no relaxation in the terms and conditions contained in the advertisement unless the power of relaxation is duly reserved in the relevant rules and/or in the advertisement. Even if there is a power of relaxation in the rules, the same would still have to be specifically indicated in the advertisement. .............."
26. The above decision has been followed in Sanjay K. Dixit (supra). Thus, the law is settled that if the extant Rules provide for the power to relax the eligibility criteria, the same could be exercised only if such power is reserved in the advertisement. And when this power is exercised, there must be wide publicity of its exercise so that persons who are likely to benefit by exercise of such power may get opportunity to apply and compete.
27. In the instant case, it is not shown that the advertisement reserved the power to relax the essential eligibility qualifications specified in the advertisement at any later stage. Rather, the advertisement is specific that eligibility criteria must be fulfilled by an aspiring candidate by the last date fixed for receipt of the application. It is not demonstrated that after the decision to relax the eligibility criteria was taken, the same was widely publicised, and the last date to apply under the advertisement was extended to enable persons
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benefited by such relaxation to apply and compete. In these circumstances, in our view, the power to relax the eligibility criteria, even if it existed, was not exercised in consonance with the settled legal principles and it violated the constitutional mandate enshrined in Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. Issue No.(i) is decided in the terms above. "
"10. There is a specific condition mentioned in the advertisement itself that a candidate claiming her consideration for recruitment under the DV (divorcee) category is required to have a divorce decree from the Competent Court on the last date of submission of the application form. In the instant case the last date for submission of the application form under the advertisement dated 28.06.2023 is 31.07.2023 and the petitioner got the decree of divorce on 20.10.2023 i.e. much after the last date of submitting the application form.
11. In view of the proposition in the above judgments of the Hon'ble Apex Court, no relaxation is permissible for diverting from the terms and conditions of the advertisement."
9. If the relaxation as prayed for by the petitioner is
allowed then there may be several other candidates who may
claim on similar facts the same benefit. So also if any
candidate gets a divorce decree even during the recruitment
process till the interview or declaration of final result, he/she
may also claim the same benefit for consideration of his/ her
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candidature under the divorce decree which will create
hindrance in the smooth recruitment process and may change
the merit of the candidates at each stage/ level of the
recruitment process. The Courts are to ensure the completion
of the recruitment process smoothly and earliest as per the
schedule of the recruitment and if any kind of relaxation is
allowed beyond the permissible limits then the whole
recruitment process will derail which can never be the
intention of the Court. The completion of recruitment process
smoothly is the demand of the Society because of much
unemployment in the youths. A candidate who is aspirant of
participating in the recruitment process is required to go
through the terms and conditions of the advertisement and
the rules and has to apply according to his /her qualification
as required under the law and under the category for which
he /she is eligible. The terms and conditions given in the
advertisement on the basis of the relevant recruitment rules
are the sole basis for proceeding with the recruitment
process. Until and unless there is a gross violation of any
condition or there is a claim of a candidate within the
parameters of the fundamental rights given under the
Constitution of India, no interference is required from the
Court.
10. In view of the discussion made above and the
proposition given in the judgments referred to above, the
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claim of the petitioner for consideration of her candidature
under the divorcee decree is contrary to the rules, terms and
conditions of the advertisement and the petitioner could not
establish her case within the rights given under the
Constitution of India.
11. Accordingly, the writ petition is dismissed having no
merits.
12. Since the main petition has been dismissed, the
stay application and pending application/s, if any, also stand
dismissed.
(GANESH RAM MEENA),J
Sharma NK-Dy. Registrar
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