Punjab-Haryana High Court

Sucha Singh And Anr vs The Director, Rural Development And ... on 1 May, 2024

Author: Sureshwar Thakur

Bench: Sureshwar Thakur, Lalit Batra

                            Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:060132-DB




CWP-9946-2024                           -1-               2024:PHHC:060132-DB


        In the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh

                                              CWP No. 9946 of 2024
                                              Date of Decision: 01.5.2024

Sucha Singh and another                                           .....Petitioners

                                 Versus

The Director, Rural Development and Panchayat                     ....Respondents
Department and others

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SURESHWAR THAKUR
       HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE LALIT BATRA

Present:    Mr. Sarju Puri, Advocate
            for the petitioners.

            Mr. Maninder Singh, Sr. DAG, Punjab.

       Mr. Himanshu Malik, Sr. Panel Counsel
       for the respondent-UOI.
                   ****
SURESHWAR THAKUR, J.

1. In the instant petition, the petitioners seek the quashing of the

order dated 19.3.2021 (Annexure P-1) passed by the Collector concerned,

whereby the petitioners were ordered to be evicted from the petition lands.

The petitioners also seek the quashing of the order dated 1.12.2023

(Annexure P-2) passed by the Director-cum-Commissioner, whereby the

appeal filed against the order (supra), became dismissed.

Factual background

2. It is averred in the instant petition, that the petitioners are the

owners in possession over the disputed lands on the basis of conveyance

deed dated 10.6.1991 executed by the Central Government in favour of the

predecessor-in-interest of the petitioners, namely, Durga son of Banta on the

basis of his long settled possession. It is further averred in the instant

petition, that the Central Government leased out land measuring 33 kanals 7

malras to the predecessor-in-interest of the petitioners for a period of 15

years, as per the policy of the Government at the relevant time, and, the said 1 of 7

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lease remained in force from 1954 to 1959, and, was not either terminated or

cancelled. On the basis of his long settled possession, the predecessor-in-

interest of the petitioners, namely, Durga applied for the allotment of the

land in his possession, and, the authorities concerned, on the basis of

verification, and, also on the basis of No Objection given by the Gram

Panchayat concerned, to the proposed allotment, the land measuring 33

kanals 7 marlas was allotted (Annexure P-3) and transferred in favour of

Durga son of Bansa. Subsequently a conveyance deed dated 10.6.1991 was

issued in favour of Durga son of Banta. The above Durga sold the land

meausring 6 kanals out of the total land in favour of petitioner No. 1-Sucha

Singh vide registered sale deed dated 22.5.2000. Subsequently after the

demise of Durga, his sons namely Sucha Singh, Tarsem Lal and Avtar Ram

got the mutation of inheritance sanctioned in their favour. Thereafter

Tarsem Lal sold land meausring 2 kanals 13 marlas 2 sarsahi out of the total

land in favour of petitioner No. 1-Sucha Singh vide registered sale deed

dated 26.2.2009. Avtar Ram, son of Durga, had also sold land meausring 9

kanals 2 marlas in favour of petitioner No. 2-Ajit Singh vide registered sale

deed dated 23.6.2005. It is also averred in the instant petition, that the land

in question never vested in the Gram Panchayat concerned, and, that by

taking undue advantage of a wrong entry in its favour in the jamabandi for

the year 2006-07, showing the Gram Panchayat an owner of the petition

land, the Gram Panchayat concerned, had filed the petition under Section 7

of the Act of 1961.

3. The order, carried in Annexure P-1, passed by the Collector

concerned, on 19.3.2021, is the subject matter of challenge in the instant writ

petition, whereby the learned Collector concerned, accepted the petition

preferred by the Gram Panchayat concerned, under Section 7 of the Punjab 2 of 7

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Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961 (for short 'the Act of 1961'),

and, ordered for the eviction of the petitioners from the petition lands.

4. Prior to the allotments, being made of the petition lands to the

allottees concerned, and, in pursuance to the incorporation of Section (ii-a)

in Section 2(g) of the Act of 1961, through an amending Act No. 8 of 1995,

the petition lands fell within the inclusionary definition of shamilat deh.

Prior to the said amending provision, being inserted in the Act of 1961,

through an amending Act No. 8 of 1995, the petition lands being obviously

shamilat deh lands, thus they completely vested in the Gram Panchayat

concerned. Therefore, the custodian concerned, was not ably empowered to

make allotments of the petition lands in favour of the allottees concerned.

5. The said disempowerment of the custodian concerned, but prior

to the amended provision becoming validly inserted in the Act of 1961,

whereby he became completely disempowered to make allotments of the

shamilat deh lands, to the allottees concerned, is banked, upon the judgment

rendered by the Hon'ble Apex Court in case titled as Gram Panchayat of

village Jamalpur versus Malwinder Singh, and, to which Civil Appeal No.

1401(N) of 1973 is assigned. From a reading of the said decision, it is but

clear, that after the coming into force of the Punjab Act of 1953, the

custodian concerned, was left with no vestige of jurisdiction to make

allotments of shamilat deh lands to the allottees concerned, as the said

shamilat deh lands, did rather on migrations of Muslims, from India to

Pakistan, became completely vested in the Gram Panchayat concerned.

6. However, through the amending Act No. 8 of 1995, Section (ii-

a) became inserted in Section 2(g) of the Act 1961, provisions whereof are

extracted hereinafter.

(ii-a) was shamilat deh, but, has been allotted on quasi 3 of 7

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permanent basis to a displaced person, or, has been otherwise transferred to any person by sale or by any other manner whatsoever after the commencement of this Act, but on or before the 9th day of July, 1985]"

7. The said inserted provision though did assign retrospective

validity to allotments made of the shamilat deh lands, by the custodian

concerned, but with a cut-off date thereins, inasmuch as, the allotments

being required to be made before the 9 th day of July, 1985. It is pertinent to

mention here, that the vires of insertion of provision (supra) through the

amending Act No. 8 of 1995, was challenged before this Court, in a case

titled as Gram Panchayat of village Kum-Kalan versus State of Punjab

and others, and, to which CWP No. 4816 of 1996, is assigned. However,

through a decision made on the said petition, this Court had upheld the vires

of the said inserted provision hence through the relevant amending Punjab

Act No. 8 of 1995, and, Haryana Act No. 13 of 1996. Though the vires of

the provision, as challenged in the petition (supra), appertained to the

insertion of the relevant amended provision through an amending Act, as,

passed by the Punjab Legislative Assembly, but when the phraseology of the

above inserted provision in the Haryana Act of 1961, is but similar to the

phraseology of the amended provision, inserted in the Punjab Act 1961,

through the relevant amending Act. Therefore, the upholding, by this Court

in judgment (supra) qua the vires of the insertion of the amended provision,

through the relevant amending Act, does also with equal force apply, to the

insertion in the Haryana Act of 1961, of provisions similar to the one, as

became inserted in the Punjab Act of 1961.

8. It is but relevant to mention the reasons which prevailed upon,

this Court to uphold the vires of the amended provisions. The said reasons

are enunciated in paragraphs 39, and, 40 of the judgment (supra), paragraphs

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whereof stand extracted hereinafter.

39. To the same effect is the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in The Govt. of A.P. and another v. Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd., AIR 1975 Supreme Court 2037. In that case, it was held as under:-

"8. We see no substance in the respondent's contention that by redefining the term 'house' with retrospective effect and by validating the levies imposed under the unamended Act as if, notwithstanding anything contained in any judgment decree or order of any court, that Act as amended was in force on the date when the tax was levied, the Legislature has encroached upon a judicial, function. The power of the Legislature to pass a law postulates the power to pass it prospectively as well as retrospectively, the one no less than the other. Within the scope of its legislative competence and subject to other constitutional limitations, the power of the Legislature to enact laws is plenary.

9. The State legislature, it is significant, has not overruled or set aside the judgment of the High Court. It has amended the definition of 'house' by the substitution of a new section 2(15) for the old section and it has provided that the new definition shall have retrospective effect, notwithstanding anything contained in any judgment, decree or order of any court or other authority. In other words, it has removed the basis of the decision rendered by the High Court so that the decision could not have been given in the altered circumstances.

10. In Tirath Ram Rajindra Nath v. State of U. P. (2), the Legislature amended the law retrospectively and thereby removed the basis of the decision rendered by the High Court of Allahabad. It was held by this Court that this was within the permissible limits and validation of the old Act by amending it retrospectively did not constitute an encroachment on the functions of the judiciary. (emphasis supplied).

40. The Hon'ble Supreme Court while dealing with a similar controversy in M/s Utkal Contractors & Joinery (P) Ltd.'s case (supra), regarding competency of the legislature to pass Act retrospectively/ prospectively, observed as under:-

"14. The next question to be considered is whether the State while purporting to amend the Act has encroached upon the judicial power and set aside the binding judgment of this Court. We do not think that Mr.Nariman was justified in contending so. The principles have been well established in a string of decisions of this Court, and we may briefly summarise as follows:

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The legislature may, at any time, in exercise of the plenary power conferred on it by Arts. 245 and 246 of the Constitution render a judicial decision ineffective by enacting a valid law. There is no prohibition against retrospective legislation. The power of the legislature to pass a law postulates the power to pass it prospectively as well as retrospectively. That of course, is subject to the legislative competence and subject to other constitutional limitation. The rendering ineffective of judgments or orders of competent Courts by changing their basis by legislative enactment is a well known pattern of all validating acts. Such validating legislation which removes the causes of ineffectiveness or invalidity of action or proceedings cannot be considered as encroachment on judicial power. The legislature, however, cannot by a bare declaration, without more, directly overrule, reverse or set aside any judicial decision. Hari Singh v.

Military Estate Officer (1973) 1 SCR 515: (AIR 1972 Supreme Court 2205), Govt. of Andhra Pradesh v.

Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. 1975 Suppl SCR 394:

(AIR 1975 Supreme Court 2037), I.N. Saksena v.

State of M.P. (1976) 3 SCR 237: (AIR 1976 Supreme Court 2250) and Misri Lal Jain v. State of Orissa (1977) 3 SCR 714: (AIR 1977 Supreme Court 1686). "

9. A deep reading of the above extracted paragraphs, do make

imminent emergences, qua the legislature being conferred with a plenary

power by Articles 245 and 246 of the Constitution, to render a judicial

decision ineffective by enacting a valid law. Moreover, it has also been

pronounced thereins, that to such an enacted law, retrospectivity can be

assigned. Therefore, but obviously the insertion of the provision (supra) to

the amending Act No. 8 of 1995, did vest, in the custodian concerned, an

able empowerment to allot even shamilat deh lands to the allottees

concerned. However, obviously with a rider that such allotments were

required to be made on or before the 9 th day of July, 1985. Since the instant

allotments, as, made through Annexure P-3, are so made prior to the cut-off

date (supra) therefore, they are covered within the ambit of the inserted

provisions (supra).


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10. Since apparently the present petitioners are the able vendees

from the allottee concerned, thereby they acquired a valid title qua the

disputed lands from such allottees, as such, there was no occasion for the

statutory authorities below, to order for the eviction of the present petitioners

from the petition land(s).

Final order

11. In view of the above stated reasons, this Court does find merit

in the instant petition, and, is constrained to allow it.

12. Consequently, the instant petition is allowed. The impugned

orders are quashed, and, set aside. If the said mutations are earlier entered in

favour of the Gram Panchayat concerned, thereupon, the said mutations are

cancelled, and, rescinded, also obviously thereupon fresh mutations be attested

by the Collector concerned, but in favour of the allottee/vendee concerned.