Patna High Court
Binit Kumar vs The State Of Bihar on 30 January, 2024
Author: Jitendra Kumar
Bench: P. B. Bajanthri, Jitendra Kumar
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.4040 of 2023
======================================================
Binit Kumar Son of Ashok Kumar Singh @ Ashok Kumar Resident of
Dwarika House Gangjala Ward No.- 17 P.O. and P.S.- Saharsa, District-
Saharsa.
... ... Petitioner/s
Versus
1. The State of Bihar through the Principal Secretary Department of Excise and
Prohibition Bihar, Patna.
2. District Magistrate Cum Collector, Saharsa.
3. Superintendent of Excise, Saharsa.
4. Superintendent of Police at Saharsa.
5. Officer-In-Charge Saharsa Police Station under District- Saharsa.
... ... Respondent/s
======================================================
Appearance :
For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Diwakar Prasad Singh, Advocate
For the Respondent/s : Mr. Vivek Prasad, GP-7
Ms. Supragya, AC to GP-7
======================================================
CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P. B. BAJANTHRI
and
HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE JITENDRA KUMAR
CAV JUDGMENT
(Per: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE JITENDRA KUMAR)
Date : 30-01-2024
The present writ petition has been filed by the
petitioner seeking following reliefs:-
"(i) Issuance of appropriate writ/order/direction for
quashing the order dated 11.04.2022 passed by Revisional
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
2/16
Authority in Excise Revision NO. 16 of 2022 (Binit
Kumar Vs. Excise Commissioner & Ors.).
(ii) Issuance of appropriate writ/order/direction for
quashing the order dated 14.12.21 passed by Appellate
Authority in Excise Appeal Case No. 822 of 2021 (Binit
Kumar Vs. Collector, Saharsa & Ors.)
(iii) Issuance of appropriate writ/order/direction for
quashing the order dated 14.08.21, passed by Collector,
Saharsa, in Confiscation Case No. 102/2018-19
(iv) Any other relief or relief's for which the petitioner
be found entitled."
2. The relevant facts of the case, as emerging from the
record, is that while the petitioner was riding on a motorcycle,
bearing Registration No. BR19K 5509, he was stopped by the
police on suspicion and on search, 180 ML of Indian Made
Foreign Liquor was recovered from the pant of the petitioner.
Subsequently, the alleged illicit liquor and the vehicle in question
were seized and an FIR bearing Saharsa Sadar P.S. Case No. 1006
of 2017 was registered on 26.09.2017 against the petitioner Binit
Kumar. Thereafter, Confiscation Case No. 102 of 2018-19 was
initiated by Ld. Collector-cum-District Magistrate, Saharsa,
wherein, initially, the motorcycle of the petitioner was released
provisionally in favour of the petitioner in the light of the order of
this Court dated 18.01.2019, passed in C.W.J.C. No. 1231 of
2019. But subsequently, vide order dated 14.8.2021, passed in
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
3/16
Confiscation Case No. 102 of 2018-19, the motorcycle in question
was confiscated and directed to be auctioned. The said order of
confiscation and auction was challenged by the petitioner before
the Appellate Authority i.e. the Excise Commissioner, Patna in
Excise Appeal Case No. 822 of 2021. However, vide order dated
14.12.2021
, passed in Excise Appeal Case No. 822 of 2021, the
confiscation and auction order, passed by the District Magistrate-
cum-Collector, Saharsa was upheld. The said appellate order
dated 14.12.2021 was again challenged in Excise Revision
bearing No. 16 of 2022 before the Additional Chief Secretary,
Patna. In the revision, the vehicle in question was directed to be
released on payment of 50% of the insurance value of the vehicle
in question as non- refundable penalty.
3. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid orders, the present
writ petition has been preferred by the petitioner.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the
petitioner is a registered owner of the vehicle in question and his
vehicle has been arbitrarily seized and confiscated and directed to
be auctioned. He further submits that the vehicle in question was
no way used in transportation of alleged seized contraband. The
alleged recovery of 180 ML of illicit liquor was made from the
pant of the petitioner as per the FIR itself and as such, it has been
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
allegedly recovered from the person of the petitioner. The vehicle
in question cannot be said to be used in carrying the illicit liquor.
He further submits that in fact, no recovery of illicit liquor was
made from the possession of the petitioner, and he has been
falsely implicated in the present case by the police. In fact, the
vehicle in question was seized from the house of the petitioner. It
has been further submitted that the vehicle is no way liable for
any seizure and confiscation. The petitioner is entitled to return of
the vehicle with compensation for violation of his constitutional
right and expenditure on forced litigation.
5. Ld. Counsel for the respondents who represent the
State, however, defends the impugned orders submitting that the
vehicle in question is liable to be confiscated under the Bihar
Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016 under facts and circumstances
of the case and hence, there is no illegality or impropriety in the
impugned orders and the petitioner does not deserve any relief as
prayed for.
6. In view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances and
rival submissions of the parties, the legal questions which arise
for consideration by this Court is whether the vehicle in question
is liable to be seized and confiscated and whether the petitioner is
liable to pay 50% of the insurance value of the vehicle to the State
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
as directed by Ld. Revisional Authority or the petitioner is entitled
to return of the vehicle with compensation.
7. Before we consider the rival submissions of the
parties, it would be imperative to examine the relevant statutory
provisions and case laws.
8. Sections 56, 57B, 58, 61, 92, 93, 95 of the Bihar
Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016 and the Bihar Prohibition and
Excise Rules, 2021 are relevant statutory provisions in the
aforesaid facts and circumstances of the case.
9. Section 56 of the Act provides for liability of seized
vehicles, amongst other seized items, for confiscation. As per this
Section, as it stood prior to amendment in 2022, vehicle used for
carrying any intoxicant or liquor is liable for confiscation. The
pre-amendment provision of Section 56 is relevant because
alleged offence has been committed by the petitioner on
26.09.2017. Section 56 as it stood prior to amendment in 2022,
reads as follows:-
"56. Things liable for confiscation.- Whenever an
offence has been committed, which is punishable under
this Act.-
(a) any intoxicant or liquor unlawfully imported,
transported, manufactured, sold, stored, possessed,
material, utensil, implement, apparatus, package or
covering and or the other contents, if any, of such
receptacle, package or covering for the purposes of
storing, manufacturing or labelling such intoxicant or
liquor;
(b) any animal, vehicle, vessel or other conveyance used
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
for carrying any intoxicant or liquor; or
(c) any premises or part thereof that may have been used
for storing or manufacturing any liquor or intoxicant or for
committing any other offence under this Act;
shall be liable to be confiscated in a manner prescribed
under the provisions of the Act,
(d) The State Government, if deem necessary, may issue
necessary directions, guidelines, Regulations and
instructions with respect to mode and manner of search,
seizure and confiscation."
(Emphasis supplied)
10. Section 57B as inserted in 2022, by way of
amendment, provides that any vehicle used for committing any
offence punishable under the Prohibition and Excise Act and
having been seized by any police officer or Excise Officer may
be released by the Collector upon payment of such penalty as
may be notified by the State Government. This Section is
applicable in all pending confiscation proceedings by virtue of
its Explanation No. 2. This Section reads as follows:-
"57B. Things or premises liable to be released upon
penalty.-(1) Any animal, vehicle, vessel or other
conveyance used for committing any offence punishable
under this Act that has been seized by any police Officer
or Excise Officer may be released by the Collector upon
payment of such penalty as may be notified by the State
Government.
(2) Any premises or part thereof used for committing any
offence punishable under this Act that has been seized by
any police Officer or Excise Officer may be released by
the Collector upon payment of such penalty as may be
notified by the State Government.
(3) If the person concerned does not pay the penalty, then
the Collector shall proceed to confiscate the said animal,
vehicle, vessel or other conveyance and premises as per
section-58.
Explanation 1.- It shall not be a right of the accused to get
his conveyance, item or premises released upon payment
of the required penalty. The Collector, based upon a report
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
by a police officer or an excise officer, may, for reasons to
be recorded in writing, still refuse to release the said
conveyance, item or premises and proceed ahead with
confiscation and auction/destruction.
Explanation 2.-The Collector shall, from the date of this
Amendment coming into force, close the on-going
confiscation proceedings if the person concerned pays the
penalty as notified and release such vehicle, conveyance or
premises.
Explanation 3.-Such release shall not affect the outcome
of trial, if any before the Special Court."
(Emphasis supplied)
11. Section 58 of the Act provides for the procedure
and conditions for confiscation of the vehicle or conveyance and
other things by District Collector or Officer authorized by him.
As per Sub-section 1 of Section 58, the officer seizing the
vehicle is required to report to the District Collector without any
reasonable delay and as per Sub-Section 2 if the Collector is
satisfied, as per the report, that an offence under this act has been
committed, he is authorized to confiscate the vehicle, but, as per
Sub-section 3, only after giving reasonable opportunity to the
person concerned for hearing. Section 58 reads as follows:-
"58. Confiscation by District Collector.-(1)
Notwithstanding anything Contained in this Act or any
other law for the time being in force, where anything liable
for confiscation under this Act is seized or detained under
the provisions of this Act, the officer seizing and detaining
such property shall, without any reasonable delay submit a
report to the District Collector who has jurisdiction over
the said area;
(2) On receipt of the report under sub-section (1), the
District Collector if satisfied that an offence under this Act
has been committed, may, whether or not prosecution is
instituted for the commission of such an offence and
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
whether or not a case is pending before any court, order
confiscation of such property;
(3) The Collector shall, before passing an order under sub-
section (2), give a reasonable opportunity to the person
concerned, of being heard;
(4) While making an order of confiscation under sub-
section (2), the District Collector may also order that such
of the properties which the order of confiscation relates,
which in his opinion cannot be preserved or are not fit for
human consumption, be destroyed. Whenever any
confiscated article has to be destroyed in conformity with
these provisions, it shall be destroyed in the presence of a
Executive Magistrate or officer ordering the confiscation
or forfeiture, as the case may be, or in the presence of the
Excise Officer not below the rank of a Sub-Inspector;
(5) While making an order of confiscation under sub-
section (2), if the District Collector is of the opinion that it
is expedient in the public interest to do so, he may order
the said property or any part thereof to be sold by public
auction or dispose of departmentally and proceeds
deposited with the State Government,
(6) The District Collector shall submit a full report of all
particulars of confiscation to the Commissioner of Excise
within one month of such confiscation."
(Emphasis supplied)
12. Section 61 provides that when an order for
confiscation of any property, which includes vehicle also, has
been passed under section 58 of the Bihar Prohibition and Excise
Act, 2016 and such order has become final, the property gets
vested in the State Government free from any encumbrance.
Section 61 reads as follows:-
"61. Confiscated articles to vest with the Collector.-
When an order for confiscation of any property has been
passed under Section 58 and such order has become final
in respect of the whole or any portion of such property,
such property or portion thereof, as the case may be, shall
vest with the State Government free from any
encumbrance."
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
13. Section 92 provides for departmental appeal
against the final orders passed by the authorities under the Act.
The order passed by Excise Officer, lower in rank than District
Collector, is appealable to District Collector within 60 days,
order passed by District Collector is appealable to Excise
Commissioner and order passed by Excise Commissioner is
appealable to the State Government within 90 days. However, no
second appeal is provided against an order passed by Excise
Commissioner. Section 92 reads as follows:-
"92. Appeals.-(1) All final orders passed by any Excise
Officer other than the Excise Commissioner or Collector
under this Act, shall be appealable to the Collector within
sixty days from the date of the order.
(2) All final orders passed by the Collector and Excise
Commissioner shall be appealable to the Excise
Commissioner and the State Government respectively
within ninety days from the date of the order complained
of. Provided that no second appeal shall lie against an
order passed by the Excise Commissioner on appeal.
(3) The State Government may make rules in this behalf."
14. Section 93 provides for departmental revision. The
revisional power has been vested with the State Government.
Section 93 reads as follows:-
"93. Revision.- The State Government may, on its own
motion or on an application made to it, call for and
examine the records of any proceeding before any excise
officer or any document, including that relating to renewal
or refusal of license or grant of permit, pass etc. under this
act, for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness
and legality of any order passed in, and as to regularity of
any such proceeding and may, when calling for such
record, direct that the order be not given effect till the
pendency of the examination of the record, so called for.
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
After examining the record, the State Government may
annul, reverse, modify or confirm such order, or pass such
other order as it may deem fit."
15. Under Section 95 of the Bihar Prohibition and
Excise Act, 2016, the Bihar Government is empowered to make
rules to carry out the purposes of the Act. Bihar Prohibition and
Excise Rules, 2021 has been made by Bihar Government under
Section 95 of the Act. Rule 12A, as inserted in 2022 by way of
amendment, provides for release of vehicle, conveyance etc. on
payment of penalty. This Rule is applicable in all pending
confiscation proceedings by virtue of its Explanation. This Rule
reads as follows:-
"12A. Release of Vehicles, Conveyance etc. on
Payment of Penalty.- (1) If any vehicles, conveyance,
vessel, animal etc. has been seized by any police or excise
officer under the Act, then in terms of Section 57B (1) of
the Act, the Collector or an officer authorized by him upon
receipt of an application in Form IV by the owner of the
said conveyance or vehicle etc., may release the said
conveyance or vehicle upon payment of such penalty as
may be ordered by the Collector or the officer authorized
by him.
Provided, where it is not possible to ascertain the owner of
the vehicle or the owner is not coming to claim the
vehicle, the Collector or the officer authorized by him,
after waiting for 15 days from the date of seizure, shall
proceed to confiscate and auction the vehicle as per the
provisions of the Act.
(2) The amount of penalty shall be as decided by the
Collector or the Officer authorized by him. While
imposing the penalty, he shall have due regard to the
quantity of intoxicant recovered, involvement of the
vehicle owner and the latest insurance value of the vehicle.
In no case, the penalty should be less than 10% of the
insured value of the vehicle and more than Rs. 5 lakhs.
The insured value is the value of the vehicle as assessed
by the insurance company. Where, the insured value is not
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
available or the Collector or the Officer authorized by him
has reason to believe that the vehicle is undervalued, he
shall get the valuation done by the District Transport
Officer. In any case, the Collector shall not wait beyond 15
days from the date of seizure and if during this period, the
accused/owner does not pay up the penalty, he shall
proceed with the confiscation/auction."
(3) Notwithstanding above, if on a report by police officer
or excise officer, the Collector or the officer authorized by
him is satisfied that releasing the vehicle or conveyance
shall not be in the public interest, he shall proceed ahead
with the confiscation of the said vehicle or conveyance
and its subsequent auction/disposal.
(4) Where the conveyance is such that its
valuation/insurance is not possible, the Collector or the
officer authorized by him shall impose such fine as he
deems fit. While imposing such fine, the Collector or the
officer authorized by him shall have due regard to the
economic status of the individual, nature of his
involvement in the crime and the quantum of intoxicant
recovered.
(5) Such penalty shall be, regardless of the outcome of the
trial if any, before the Special Court, non-refundable.
(6) The owner of the vehicle/conveyance shall, after the
release of the vehicle/conveyance, produce the
vehicle/conveyance as and when required by the
authorities.
Explanation. In all pending/ongoing cases of
confiscation/auction of vehicles, the Collector or the
officer authorized by him may give an opportunity to the
existing owner to pay the aforesaid penalty and get the
vehicle released. Upon satisfaction about ownership and
upon payment of such penalty, the ongoing
confiscation/auction proceeding may be dropped and the
vehicle released."
(Emphasis supplied)
16. The bare reading of Section 56(b) of the Act
clearly shows that any vehicle or conveyance can be seized
and confiscated under the Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act,
2016 only when the vehicle has been used for carrying /
transporting any intoxicant or liquor. Section 58(3) of the Act
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
provides that during confiscation proceeding, the owner of the
vehicle has to be given opportunity of being heard. Section 57
B(1) also provides that any vehicle, or other conveyance used
for committing any offence punishable under the Act and
seized may be released upon payment of penalty. Rule 12-A(2)
of the Bihar Prohibition and Excise Rules, 2021 also provides
that while imposing penalty under Section 57-B of the Act, the
authority concerned is required to give due regard to the
involvement of the vehicle owner.
17. The first and foremost thing, which emerges from
the aforesaid discussion of the statutory provisions, is that no
vehicle can be seized or confiscated without its use in
commission of any offence under the Bihar Prohibition and
Excise Act, 2016. Under Section 30 of the Act, transport of illicit
liquor or intoxicant is an offence and in commission of such
offence, a vehicle can be used. As such, use of the vehicle in
transport of illicit liquor/intoxicant is sine qua non for its seizure
and confiscation.
18. It is also relevant to refer to some case laws to
explain the meaning of the word "use" . In Wilson C.C. Vs.
State of Kerala [2022 LiveLaw (Ker) 627] , a person was
driving a vehicle and 0.06 grams of LSD Stamp was recovered
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
from wallet kept in his pocket. Hon'ble Kerala High Court
held that it could not be said that the vehicle was used for
conveyance of the contraband and the vehicle is subject to
confiscation. In Thausif Ahammad Bengre Vs. State of Kerala
[MANU/KE/0426/2018] the vehicle was being driven by the
driver and 40 grams Ganja was recovered from his possession.
In that situation, Hon'ble Kerala High Court held that it is
really fallacious to contend that the vehicle was used for carrying
the contraband.
19. It is also pertinent to note that in the light of various
pronouncements of this Court, Bihar Government has issued
letter dated 07.02.2020 bearing Letter No. 13/HC-06-55/2020-
670. The letter has been written by Additional Chief Secretary,
Home Department cum Prohibition, Excise and Registration
Department to all District Collectors, Police Officers and Excise
Officers. By this letter, the Government has clearly stated in
para-2 of the letter that as per direction of this Court, such
vehicle, from which no liquor has been recovered, will not be
confiscated. In para-3 of the letter, the Government has stated
that when the vehicle was being driven by the driver in drunken
condition but no liquor has been recovered from the vehicle, only
the driver would be prosecuted under the Bihar Prohibition and
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
Excise Act, 2016.
20. Coming to the case at hand, no intoxicant or liquor
was recovered from the motorcycle of the petitioner. Only 180
ML liquor was recovered from pant of the petitioner. In such
situation, the motorcycle cannot be held to have been used to
carry the illicit liquor which was recovered from the person of
the petitioner. The word 'use' cannot be given liberal or
expansive meaning. It has to be interpreted strictly as it has penal
consequences. But the confiscation authority confiscated the
vehicle in question by the impugned order. Even the Appellate
Authority did not correct the wrong and upheld the confiscation
order. Even the Revisional Authority did not do full justice,
directing release of the vehicle only after payment of 50% of the
insurance value of the motorcycle. Hence, the petitioner was
constrained to move this Court incurring further expense on
litigation. This case is a classic illustration of how the people are
being harassed by concerned State officials in the name of the
Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016.
21. In view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances of
the case, we find that all the impugned orders are arbitrary and
hit by Article 14 of the Constitution. They are also violative of
Constitutional right of the petitioner to hold property as provided
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
in Article 300A of the Constitution, which prohibits any
deprivation of property without authority of law. The Bihar
Prohibition and Excise Act no way authorises the official to seize
or confiscate the vehicle in the alleged facts and circumstances
of the case. Hence, the seizure and confiscation of the
motorcycle in question is without any authority of law. The
confiscation, appellate and revisional orders are, accordingly,
liable to be quashed. The petitioner, whose constitutional right to
property has been violated, is entitled to adequate compensation.
He is also entitled to compensation on account of expenditure
and harassment in course of forced litigations.
22. Hence, the impugned order dated 11.04.2022
passed by Additional Chief Secretary, Bihar, Patna, in Excise
Revision No. 16 of 2022, order dated 14.12.2021 passed by
Appellate Authority in Excise Appeal Case No. 822 of 2021 and
order dated 14.8.2021 passed by Ld. Collector cum District
Magistrate, Saharsa, in Excise Confiscation Case No. 102/2018-
19 are quashed and District Collector, Saharsa is directed to
release the motorcycle forthwith. He is also directed to pay
Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lac only) to the petitioner towards
compensation. The payment of the compensation must be made
within ten (10) days of the receipt of the order.
Patna High Court CWJC No.4040 of 2023 dt. 30-01-2024
23. The petition is allowed, accordingly.
(Jitendra Kumar, J.)
I agree
(P. B. Bajanthri, J.)
Ravishankar/S.Ali
AFR/NAFR AFR
CAV DATE 20.07.2023
Uploading Date 30.01.2024
Transmission Date
