Manipur High Court
Konthoujam Paka Singh vs The State Of Manipur on 30 October, 2023
ABUJAM Digitally
by ABUJAM
signed
SURJIT SURJIT
Date:
SINGH
SINGH 2023.10.31
15:49:45 +05'30' IN THE HIGH COURT OF MANIPUR
AT IMPHAL
Cril.Petn. No.6 of 2009
1. Konthoujam Paka Singh, aged about 50 years, S/O K. Jatishwar
Singh, resident of Konthoujam Mamang Leikai, P. O. Langjing, P.S.
Patsoi, Imphal West District, Manipur.
... Petitioner
-Versus -
1. The State of Manipur
2. Sankar Sengupta, aged about 64 years, S/O (L) B.B. Sen of Pukhuria
Village, Hura, Purulia District, West Bengal, P. O.& P.S. Hura, PIN
723130
3. Laishangbam Indrakumar Singh aged about 45 years S/O (L) L.
Nilbira Singh, resident of Konthoujam Maning Leikai, P. O. Langjing -
795113, P.S. Patsoi, Imphal West District, Manipur.
4. Konthoujam Kunjaraj Singh, aged about 51 years S/O (L) Konthoujam
Gulap Singh, resident of Konthoujam Nongraobung Leikai, P.O.
Langjing 795113, P.S. Patsoi, Imphal West District, Manipur, and
5. Km. Konthoujam Angou Devi, alias Nevedita Sengupta, aged about
35 years D/O K. Leibakmacha Singh of Konthoujam Makha Leikai, P.
O. Langjing - 795113, P.S. Patsoi, Imphal West District, Manipur
presently C/O., Sankar Sengupta,aged about 64 of years (respondent
No.2) of Pukhuria Village, P.O. & P.S, Hura, Purulia District, West
Bengal, PIN 723130 (India).
... Respondents
B E F O R E
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MV MURALIDARAN
For the Petitioners : Mr. N. Mahendra, Advocate.
For the respondents : Mr.RK. Umakanta, PP &
Mr. Ashinikumar, Advocate
Date of Hearing : 05.10.2023
Date of Judgment & Order : 30.10.2023
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 1
JUDGMENT &ORDER
CAV
[1] This petition has been filed by the petitioner under Section 482
Cr.P.C. to set aside the order dated 29.7.2009 passed by the learned
Sessions Judge, Manipur East in Cril. Rev. Case No.7 of 2008 confirming
the order dated 6.3.2008 passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate First
Class, Imphal West in Cril. Misc. (FR) Case No.69 of 2007 and Cril. Misc.
Case No.122 of 2007.
[2]. Cril. Misc. (FR) Case No.69 of 2007 is the FIR being
No.25/IPS06 submitted by the Investigating Officer of FIR No.30(7)04 on
the file of Patsoi Police Station, which was transformed into a final report
on completion of the investigation. Cril. Misc. Case No.122 of 2007 is the
application filed by the complainant praying for giving direction to the police
to re-investigate the case.
[3]. By the common order dated 6.3.2008, the learned Judicial
Magistrate First Class, Imphal West, accepting the final report, discharged
the accused, namely (i) Sankar sen Gupta; (ii) Laishram Indrakumar; (iii)
KonthoujamKunjarj Singh and (iv) Konthoujam Angou Devi @ Nivedita
Sengupta.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 2
[4]. Aggrieved by the discharge of the accused, the complainant
Konthoujam Paka Singh has filed Criminal Revision Case No.7 of 2008
before the Sessions Judge, Manipur East. By the order dated 29.7.2009,
the learned Sessions Judge dismissed the Criminal Revision Case thereby
confirming the order of the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal
West. Challenging the same, the complainant has preferred the present
Criminal Petition to set aside the orders of the Courts below.
[5]. The case of the prosecution is that Kongthoujam Paka Singh
lodged a complaint on 23.6.2004 against the respondents 2 to 5, who are
the Director, Secretary, Treasurer in charge of Free Progress Academy
Centre No.1, Hura, West Bengal respectively alleging that in the first week
of August, 1999, the respondents 2 to 3 requested the petitioner to allow
admission of his daughter Sharmila Konthoujam and son Boris Konthoujam
to their respective classes at Free Progress Academy after appearing for a
selection test at Free Progress Academy Centre No.2 Konthoujam, Imphal
West on their information of the Free Progress Academy Centre No.I, Hura,
Purulia District to be a much better school than all the schools of Manipur.
Having selected for admission in the same month after their admission test,
forms of admission were issued by the third respondent and had taken
away the petitioner's daughter and son from his house to be the students of
Class IX and VI respectively at Free Progress Academy, Hura, Purulia. In
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 3
the same way, in the month of December, 1999, the second respondent
had taken away his son Dennis Konthoujam, aged 10 years, to be a
student of Class IV in the same institution. The petitioner had believed
them because of the advertisement made in Manipur daily papers. The
petitioner has paid about Rs.2 lakh to the respondents 2 to 4 as admission
fees, hostel fees, contingency fees, mess fees etc. at the houses of the
respondents 3 and 4. The petitioner's daughter had passed Class X
examination conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New
Delhi, being student of Panisheola Indira Smriti Vidyapith, Panisheola
District, Hoogly, West Bengal, while the petitioner's son Boris Konthoujam
also passed Class X being a student of Satyanarayan Academy
Ramakrishna Nagar, P.O. Narrah, District Bankura, West Bengal though
they were students of Free Progress Academy Centre No.I, Hura. The
petitioner's another son Dennis Konthoujam had got reading certificate
issued by Free Progress Academy Centre No.2 as a student of Class VIII
though he was a student of Free Progress Academy Centre No.I. Being
suspicious of the issuance of the certificates from unrelated schools for his
children, the petitioner had enquired about the genuineness of the function
and administration of the Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura from
2002-2003 and it turned out to be a simple tutorial home without having
academic calendar and the students are all from Manipur. The
respondents 2 to 5 have collected money after cheating the guardians on
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 4
fraudulent documents and information to have an illegal act of earning.
Neither the Government of West Bengal nor the Central Government
recognized Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura. It was a fake
school/academy. The petitioner had expended Rs.2 lakh for his three
children, but the respondents have issued receipts for Rs.1,48,310/- only.
The respondents have produced a list of 98 students admitted up to 2002
and a list of 18 students claiming to have passed from the said Academy.
Some of the students were from the Board of Secondary Education,
Andhra Pradesh and the rest were from CBSE under different schools.
Therefore, collecting fees, issuing advertisement and identity cards in the
name of the Academy are illegal and the same are still continuing
collectively. The Patsoi Police investigated the report of the petitioner and
had submitted before the Court a final report under Section 173(2) Cr.P.C.
stating that the case is civil in nature. Under the order dated 6.3.2008, the
Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West accepted the final report and
discharged the accused. The petitioner has also filed protest petition
challenging the correctness of the report submitted by the police, inter lia,
on the ground that the case of the complainant to the police could not be
said to be not entertainable in view of the maintainability of the civil case
and also that the police did not collect required evidences in the case.
Aggrieved by the order dated 6.3.2008, the complainant preferred Criminal
Revision Case No.7 of 2008 under Section 397 Cr.P.C. before the learned
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 5
Sessions Judge, Manipur East. By the order dated 29.7.2009, the learned
Sessions Judge dismissed the Criminal Revision Case thereby confirmed
the order of the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West.
Challenging the same, the present Criminal Petition is filed by the
complainant.
[6]. Assailing the orders of the Courts below, Mr. N. Mahendra,
the learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that the conclusion of the
learned Sessions Judge that the complainant being a qualified Engineer is
supposed to sign the admission forms after knowing the pros and cons of
the concerned Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura is perverse,
inasmuch as the filled-up admission forms used for admitting the children
of the complainant are not on record. The investigating officer has failed to
seize the filled-up admission forms into possession and placed on record
the dishonest concealment of the private respondents of the fact that Free
Progress Academy Centre No.1 is not a school.
[7]. The learned counsel further submitted that the finding of the
learned Sessions Judge is also perverse when the learned Sessions Judge
mentions in the impugned order that the said Free Progress Academy
Centre No.1, Hura is a tutorial home without having academic calendar and
it is not recognized by the CBSE. It is not the case of the respondents that
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 6
the said Free Progress Academy Centre No.1 is a tutorial home, rather
according to them, it is a private school.
[8]. The learned counsel would submit that the finding of the
learned Sessions Judge that the students of the tutorial home have got
passed their Class X examination by attaching to other schools like
Panisheola Indira Smriti Vidyapith, Panisheola, West Bengal etc. and this
fact was known by the guardians of the students prior to their admission
into this tutorial home of Hura as reflected in the resolutions adopted by the
Guardians Association of the Academy are perverse, as there is nothing on
record to show that the guardians of the students knew the fact prior to
their admission into the tutorial home of Hura. Assuming the alleged
resolutions were adopted, although not admitting the adoption of the
resolutions, imputation of knowledge by the guardians of the students of
that fact prior to their admission into the tutorial home of Hura is not a
possibility because of the alleged admission in the year 1999, whereas the
alleged resolutions are dated 3.12.2000. Moreover, the alleged resolutions
are written and signed by Sankar Sengupta and the signatures of other
members are not found in the said resolutions.
[9]. The learned counsel submitted that the conclusion of the
learned Sessions Judge that the expenditure of Rs.2 lakh given to the
private respondents to defray the expenditure of tuition fee, hostel fee and
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 7
contingent fee of the three children of the complainant as it is a fact that the
complainant's children were admitted into the tutorial home in the year
1999 is erroneous. According to the learned counsel, the complainant has
paid the amount to respondents 2 to 4 based on the representation made
by them that Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura is a school. This
deceiving act on the part of the respondents 2 to 4 amounting to a
dishonest concealment of facts, inasmuch as there is not at all in existence
of school as understood generally.
[10]. The learned counsel for the petitioner next submitted that the
finding of the learned Sessions Judge that FIR Case No.30(7)2004 of
Patsoi Police Station was registered in the year 2004 and none of the other
guardians have come before the Court or the Police to raise allegation of
cheating against the private respondents except the complainant whose
wife Rasheswori Devi is also an Assistant Teachers in Free Progress
Academy-2, Konthoujam and that they were ignorant of Free Progress
Academy-1 to be unrecognized school is also perverse. The learned
Sessions Judge ought not to have arrived at a finding that the learned
Judicial Magistrate First Class after going through the relevant materials
arrived at a conclusion that no prima facie case has been made out against
the private respondents under Sections 418/419/420 IPC.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 8
[11]. The learned counsel for the petitioner then submitted that the
learned Sessions Judge erred in arriving at a finding that there arises no
case of causing wrongful loss to the complainant by depriving his children
to get their education in a normal school environment for total personality
development due to the deceiving acts of the private respondents and that
it is surprising how the complainant kept silent for such long years of
schooling of his children at Free Progress Academy-1 without filing any
complaint against the respondents though the petitioner himself is a literate
man is based on no evidence on record.
[12]. The learned counsel for the petitioner urged that Free
Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura is a tutorial home, which fact was
concealed by the private respondents and, as such, when the complainant
demanded transfer/reading certificate of his child, the private respondents
could not issue such certificate from Free Progress Academy Centre No.1,
Hura instead the certificate was issued from Free Progress Academy
Centre No.2 where the child did not read/attend. The complaint has been
lodged by the petitioner/complainant after dully coming to know that the
Free Progress Academy Centre No.1 is a fake school and the private
respondents have been continuing to commit the alleged offences on the
date of lodging the complaint.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 9
[13]. The learned counsel for the petitioner added that concealing
the real facts while admitting the students and while collecting money in the
name of tuition fee, hostel fee etc. the private respondents caused wrongful
loss to the petitioner in terms of money as well as reputation. Hence, they
are liable to be punished under the appropriate provisions of the Indian
Penal Code. However, without looking into the factual aspects of the
matter and thorough investigation not being done by the investigating
officer, the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class has discharged the
accused persons. Similarly, the learned Sessions Judge has also not
properly analysed the matter and erred in confirming the order of discharge
made by the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class. Since the
petitioner/complainant has prima facie established the allegations made in
the complaint, the respondent police ought to have prosecuted the case
against the private respondents for cheating the petitioner/complainant.
Thus, a prayer has been made to set aside the order of the learned
Sessions Judge, Manipur East as also the order of the learned Judicial
Magistrate First Class, Imphal West. To fortify his submissions, the
learned counsel for the petitioner placed reliance upon the following
decisions:
(i) Vishnu Kumar Tiwari v. State of UP and
another, (2019) 8 SCC 27
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 10
(ii) Zunaid v. State of UP and others, Criminal
Appeal Nos.2628-2629 of 2023 dated
29.8.2023.
[14]. Per contra, Mr. RK Umakanta, the learned Public Prosecutor
appearing for the first respondent submitted that the investigating officer
has examined good number of witnesses, including the guardians of the
school students of Free Progress Academy-1. From the materials
collected and the statements recorded from the witnesses, nothing could
be highlighted to substantiate the charges against the accused persons.
Upon concluding the investigation, the investigating officer has filed the
final report under Section 173(2) Cr.P.C. and the learned Judicial
Magistrate First Class upon receiving the final report, rightly discharged the
accused person, which was also rightly affirmed by the learned Sessions
Judge in the Criminal Revision Petition filed by the petitioner. Since the
orders of the Courts below are based on the documentary evidence, the
same need not be interfered with by the High Court exercising jurisdiction
under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. In support, the learned Public Prosecutor
relied upon the following decisions:
(i) K.G.Premshanker v. Inspector of Police and
another, (2002) 8 SCC 87
(ii) Vishnu Kumar Tiwari v. State of UP and
another, (2019) 8 SCC 27
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 11
(iii) Kishore Kumar Gyanchandani v. G.D.Mehrotra
and another, (2011) 15 SCC 513
[15]. Supporting the orders of the Courts below, Mr. L.
Ashinikumar,the learned counsel appearing for the private respondents
submitted that earlier the petitioner has filed a civil suit bearing No.38 of
2022 before the Civil Judge, Senior Division, Manipur West against the
respondents 2 to 4 on 25.11.2002 for compensation of Rs.2 lakh on the
ground of cheating and conspiracy. While the said suit was pending, on
23.6.2004, the petitioner lodged a complaint before the Patsoi Police
Station against the respondents 2 to 5 in connection with the offence of
cheating under Sections 418, 419, 420 and 34 IPC. The Patsoi Police
Station has registered the case against the respondents under FIR Case
No.30(7)2004 under Sections 418, 419, 420 and 34 IPC. The respondents
2 to 5 have also subsequently obtained pre-arrest bail in connection with
the said FIR Case.
[16]. The learned counsel for the private respondents further
submitted that the respondents 3 and 4 have also filed a cross-complaint
against the petitioner before the Patsoi Police Station under Sections 417,
418, 419 and 420 IPC, which was taken on file as FIR Case
No.60(11)2004, wherein the petitioner had obtained pre-arrest bail. While
pending criminal cases, the civil suit filed by the petitioner was decreed on
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 12
8.9.2006 on the ground of breach of contract under Section 73 of the
Indian Contract Act and the defendants in the suit were directed to pay the
compensation of Rs.1,48,310/- to the petitioner within a period of six
months from the date of passing of the judgment.
[17]. The learned counsel further submitted that aggrieved by the
judgment and decree dated 8.9.2006, the respondents 2 to 5 filed RFA
No.17 of 2007 before this Court and pending RFA, a final report in
connection with the FIR Case No.30(7)2022 has been filed by the
investigating officer for closing the case, as the same is civil in nature.
Upon receipt of the report and upon hearing the counsel for the
complainant and the learned Additional Public Prosecutor, the learned
Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West turned down the prayer of the
complainant by accepting the final report submitted by the investigating
officer on the ground that the Court do not find any prima facie case to take
cognizance of the offences under the order. Aggrieved by the same, the
petitioner preferred Criminal Revision Petition No.7 of 2008 before the
learned Sessions Judge, Manipur East and the learned Sessions Judge
upon perusing the materials on record, confirmed the order of the learned
Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West.
[18]. According to the learned counsel, the petitioner has filed Cril.
M.C.No.6 of 2009 before this Court for examination of the record of
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 13
proceedings and the impugned order passed by the learned Sessions
Judge coupled with a prayer for further investigation. While pending
disposal of the said Cril. Misc. Case, the RFA filed by the respondents 2 to
5 was allowed under order dated 28.4.2016 with an observation that the
petitioners are not entitled to any compensation from the defendants.
Consequently, the suit was dismissed. According to the learned counsel,
as against the judgment passed in RFA, the petitioner has not filed any
further appeal and allowed the said judgment to attain finality.
[19]. The learned counsel further submitted that since the finding
and the decision of the learned Judicial Magistrate and the learned
Sessions Judge and also this Court in RFA No.14 of 2007 are all valid and
justified and that the learned Judicial Magistrate has rightly not taken the
congnizance of the offence, which was also rightly affirmed by the learned
Sessions Judge, there is no necessity to interfere with the orders of the
Courts below.
[20]. Placing reliance upon the decision in the case of Bhagawat
Singh v. Commissioner of Police, (1985) 2 SCC 537, the learned counsel
submitted that the Court can accept the report of the investigating officer
and drop the proceeding. According to the learned counsel, if the dispute
is civil in nature, the ingredients of Sections 419 and 420 IPC would not be
attracted and the criminal prosecution for the alleged offence amounted to
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 14
abuse of process of law and, therefore, the criminal proceedings are liable
to be quashed. In support, he has placed reliance upon the decision in the
cases of George Zacharia @ Raju Karuvamplakka v. T.K.Varghese and
another, 1995 Suppl (1) SCC 267 and B.Suresh Yadav v. Sharifa Bee and
another, (2007) 13 SCC 107. Thus, a prayer has been made to dismiss
the present Criminal Petition.
[21]. This Court considered the rival submissions and also perused
the materials on record.
[22]. The brief facts, as could be seen from the complaint, are that
in the first week of August, 1999, the respondents 3 and 4 informed the
petitioner at his house that there was a very good institution, namely Free
Progress Academy Centre-1 at Hura, West Bengal, which was better than
all the schools in Manipur and the same was a registered and recognized
body. Believing their words, the petitioner had sent his son Boris
Konthoujam and daughter Sharmila Konthoujam for admission. Necessary
forms were issued by the third respondent from Free Progress Academy-2,
Konthoujam, Manipur. Having selected for admission, the third
respondent had taken away the petitioner's daughter and son from his
residence to be the students of Class IX and VI respectively at Free
Progress Academy-1, Hura. Thereafter, the second respondent had taken
away his another son Dennis Konthoujam to be a student of Class-IV in the
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 15
same institution in the month of December 1999. The petitioner has also
paid all the bills that were sent to him and, as such, the petitioner has paid
about Rs.2 lakh to the private respondents as admission fees, hostel fees
etc. During the year 2001, the petitioner's daughter passed Class X
conducted by the CBSE being a student of Panisheola Indira Smriti
Vidyapith. The petitioner's son Boris Konthoujam had also passed Class X
in the year 2002 conducted by the CBSE being a student of Satyanarayan
Academy. The petitioner's son Dennis Konthoujam got reading certificate
issued by Free Progress Academy-2, Imphal West as a student of Class
VIII . Suspecting the acts of the respondents 2 to 4, the petitioner enquired
about the genuineness of the functioning of the Free Progress Academy-1
and the petitioner came to know that the same is a tutorial home without
having academic calendar.
[23]. According to the petitioner, the respondents 2 to 5, based on
the fraudulent documents and information, have collected huge money
after cheating the guardians of the students. On 28.7.2003, the petitioner
submitted a representation to the District Inspector of Schools, Government
of West Bengal through the Director of Education(S), Manipur. The District
Inspector of Schools, Government of West Bengal had sent a reply letter
stating that neither the Government of West Bengal nor the Central
Government recognized the Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura
and it was a fake school/academy.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 16
[24]. The gist of the complaint of the petitioner is that the three
children of the petitioner were admitted at Free Progress Academy-I, Hura
by expending huge amount of Rs.2 lakh for studies. However, the
certificates of the three children are issued from different schools without
the knowledge of the petitioner and, as such, the respondents 2 to 5 have
cheated the petitioner. Based on the complaint, a regular case under FIR
Case No.20(7)2004 under Section 418/419/420 IPC was registered against
the respondents 2 to 5 by the Patsoi Police Station.
[25]. According to the first respondent, in the course of
investigation, the investigating officer visited Free Progress Academy-2
where the process of admission and alleged crime was done and examined
the accused persons and their statements were recorded. During
interrogation, the second respondent Sankar Sengupta denied the charges
levelled against him and he stated that he had never persuaded the
petitioner or anybody for admission of students at Free Progress Academy-
1, Hura telling that it was registered and recognised body. He further
stated that in any record maintained and published like prospectus,
admission forms, declaration form and any other document, he does not
say such words that Free Progress Academy-1, Hura is registered by the
CBSE, New Delhi. He further disclosed that the wife of the petitioner who
knows the history and functioning of the Academy was serving as Assistant
Teachers at Free Progress Academy-2, Konthojam. He further stated that
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 17
there was guardians meeting for consultation regarding affiliation of Free
Progress Academy-1, Hura students to some other recognised institutions
by CBSE for Class X examination. The said meeting was held prior to the
examination, in which the guardians including the petitioner and his wife
participated and they knew that Free Progress Academy-1 was not
recognised by CBSE. Hence, as per the consent given by the guardians,
the Free Progress Academy-1, Hura was affiliated to Penisheola and
Satyanarayan Academy for Class X CBSE examination. Therefore, there
is no question of cheating and mis-utilization of money sent by the
guardians for their children. According to the prosecution, the investigating
officer also interrogated the other accused and they also denied the
charges levelled by the complainant. They also disclosed that regarding
the amount of Rs.2 lakh expended by the petitioner, a civil case is pending.
After completing the investigation, the investigating officer found that the
nature of the case became civil in nature and after discussion with the
higher officials, the investigating officer decided to close the investigation.
[26]. The prospectus of Free Progress Academy has been placed
on record before this Court. In the third page, it has been stated as under:
"FREE-PROGRESS-ACADEMY (FPA) is an
Institution, dedicated to the promotion of
AUROEDUCATION.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 18
By "Auroeducation" is meant the educational ideas
of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother in particular, and all other
ideas of educational perfectionism in general.
It is sponsored by "Free-Progress-Academy-
Society" in Manipur and by "Free-Progress-Academy-
Trust" in Bengal, the later being the Apex-Body over the
former. Its founder Sri Sankar Sen Gupta is an ardent
follower of Auroeducation."
[27]. Regarding the syllabus, in paragraph 11 of the said
prospectus, it has been stated as under:
OUR SYLLABUS Same as prescribed by Manipur Board
(for Manipur) and C.B.S.E. (for Hura
Centre)
[28]. The learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West, in
his order dated 6.3.2008, observed as under:
"None of the proposed witnesses (persons)
examined could state that the accused persons did any
act which would be brought within the purview of cheating
under the provisions of the aforesaid Sections of law. The
documents seized instead of helping the informant clearly
show that the informant had prior knowledge that FPA
was not registered and recognised by the CBSE. This
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 19
fact must be known by the wife of the informant also who
was an Asstt. Teacher of the FPA. Nothing in relation as
to whether the FPA is a registered and recognised school
of CBSE was mentioned in the Prospectus of FPA but it
cannot be said that it is an dishonest concealment of
facts. There is also no case of causing wrongful loss to
the informant. Yes. The informant expended money for
undergoing studies of his children but it is not the case of
the informant that by concealing facts by the accused
persons, his children lost valuable academic years of his
children. His case is that his children passed out Class X
in first divisions not losing any academic year from
different Schools as managed by the FPA and not under
the name of FPA to which he sent them from studying. Is
this alleged acts of the accused persons actually caused
wrongful loss to the informant? From the police papers so
far placed before me, the answer is a No. The materials
also do not disclose either about personation or alter or
destroying any valuable security by the accused persons
so as to bring home the offence/charge under
Sec.418/419/420 I.P.C."
[29]. Admittedly, the aforesaid observation of the learned Judicial
Magistrate First Class made in the order dated 6.3.2008 is contrary to the
prospectus of Free Progress Academy, wherein they have stated that their
syllabus is as prescribed by Manipur Board for Manipur and CBSE for Hura
Centre. The prospectus nowhere states that Free Progress Academy-1,
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 20
Hura was affiliated to Penisheola and Satyanarayan Academy for Class X
CBSE examination.
[30]. As contended by the petitioner, Free Progress Academy-1,
Hura is a simple tutorial home, which is not recognised and registered
institute by the CBSE, New Delhi. It has been recorded in the order of the
learned Judicial Magistrate First Class dated 6.3.2008 that during the
interrogation the second respondent stated that he had never persuaded
the complainant or anybody for admission of students at Free Progress
Academy-1, Hura telling it was registered and recognised body and in any
of the record maintained and published, he does not say such words that
Free Progress Academy-1, Hura is registered and recognised by the
CBSE, New Delhi.
[31]. According to the learned counsel for the private respondents
after fully knowing the history of the functioning of the Academy and the
complainant's wife was serving as Assistant Teacher at Free Progress
Academy-2, Konthoujam, the complainant admitted his children and the
respondents 2 to 5 did any act which would be brought within the purview
of cheating under the provisions of the Indian Penal Code. The aforesaid
argument of the learned counsel for the private respondents cannot be
countenanced. Merely because the complainant's wife was serving as
Assistant Teacher at Free Progress Academy-2, Konthoujam and the
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 21
factum of Free Progress Academy being not recognised school of CBSE
was known to the complainant, it cannot be said that knowingly the
petitioner admitted his children in Free Progress Academy. The functioning
and administration of the Free Progress Academy as also the method of
admission criteria and the tie-up of Free Progress Academy with other
schools to have public examinations have not been clearly whispered in the
prospectus published by the Free Progress Academy. This would clearly
indicate cheating of the guardians of the students by the Free Progress
Academy and its representatives, namely the respondents 2 to 5.
[32]. The case of the petitioner is that at the time of getting
admission, the petitioner was represented and made to believe that Free
Progress Academy Centre No.1 as a school not a tutorial home. After
coming to know that Free Progress Academy Centre No.1 is a fake school
and the private respondents have been continuing to commit the alleged
offences, the petitioner has lodged the complaint.
[33]. In the order impugned herein, the learned Sessions Judge
observed that "it is an admitted fact of the respondents that the said Free
Progress Academy No.1, Hura is a tutorial home without having academic
calendar and it is not recognized by the C.B.S.E., New Delhi. The students
of this tutorial home have not passed their Class-X Examination by
attaching to other schools like Panisheola Indira Smriti Vidyapith,
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 22
Panisheola, District Hooghly, West Bengal, etc.". The aforesaid
observation of the learned Sessions Judge clearly indicates that the
prospectus of the Free Progress Academy is silent about the students
admitted in the Free Progress Academy have got passed their Class X
examination by attaching to other schools. The unclear prospectus of the
Free Progress Academy would naturally hit the minds of ordinary prudent
man that by misrepresentation and false promise, the authorities of the
Free Progress Academy have admitted the children, including the children
of the petitioner.
[34]. At this juncture, the learned counsel for the private
respondents submitted that none of the other guardians have raised the
allegation of cheating against the private respondents except the petitioner.
Therefore, the allegation of the petitioner is baseless and, the Courts below
are right in discharging the respondents 2 to 5.
[35]. The argument aforesaid cannot be countenanced. Since
because the other guardians have not come forward and lodged the
complaint is not a ground to discard the allegation levelled by the petitioner
against the Free Progress Academy. Admittedly, during the course of
investigation, the true picture has not been brought on record by the
investigating officer. The investigating officer ought not to have come to
the conclusion that the case is civil in nature and no criminal act involved.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 23
Such a conclusion arrived at by the investigating officer may be on the
basis of the civil suit pending at the relevant point of time between the
petitioner and the respondents 2 to 5 claiming compensation. The claim
made in the civil suit by the petitioner is for compensation and the criminal
complaint is for the alleged cheating. In the facts and given circumstances
of the present case, the civil suit filed by the petitioner and the appeal
preferred by the respondents 2 to 4 will not affect the complaint lodged by
the very same petitioner for the alleged cheating against the private
respondents.
[36]. It appears that while reversing the finding of the Original
(Money) Suit No.38 of 2022 dated 8.9.2006, the appellate Court held that
the said case would never fall within the category of misrepresentation as
nowhere it is the case of the plaintiffs that there was positive assertion on
the part of the defendants that the school was recognized with the CBSE
Board. At the same time it never happens to be a case of fraud. The
principal difference between fraud and misrepresentation is that in one
case the person making the suggestion does not believe it to be true and in
the other he believes it to be true though in both the case it is the
misstatement of fact which misleads the promisor.
[37]. Admittedly, the finding arrived at in the appeal would not affect
the petitioner's case, as in the said appeal the appellate Court has dealt
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 24
with the misrepresentation involved as per Section 18 of the Indian
Contract Act and, accordingly, held supra.
[38]. Prima facie, the FIR Case No.30(7)2004 was lodged by the
petitioner after confirming from the Inspector of Schools, Government of
West Bengal in its reply dated 128.2003 that Free Progress Academy,
Centre No.1, Hura was beyond the control of the District Inspector of
Schools, Purulia and also after knowing that the illegal acts of the
respondents 2 to 5 were still continuing collectively and consciously.
Further, as could be seen from the materials produced, the petitioner's wife
was serving as Assistant Teacher in Free Progress Academy, Centre No.2
for a brief period ending on November, 1990 and has nothing to do with
Free Progress Academy Centre No.1 which was established in the year
1995 or with the management of the affairs of the academy.
[39]. On overall analysis of the materials produced by both sides,
this Court finds that the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal
West has mechanically dealt the question of improper and incomplete
investigation of the case and came to the conclusion that there is no
material so as to require the investigating officer for further investigation.
[40]. At this juncture, it is worth to quote the decision of the Apex
Court in the case of Vishnu Kumar Tiwari v. State of UP and another,
(2019) 8 SCC 27, wherein the Apex Court held:
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 25
"It is undoubtedly true that before a Magistrate
proceeds to accept a final report under Section 173 and
exonerate the accused, it is incumbent upon the
Magistrate to apply his mind to the contents of the protest
petition and arrive at a conclusion thereafter. While the
investigating officer may rest content by producing the
final report, which, according to him, is the culmination of
his efforts, the duty of the Magistrate is not one limited to
readily accepting the final report. It is incumbent upon him
to go through the materials, and after hearing the
complainant and considering the contents of the protest
petition, finally decide the future course of action to be,
whether to continue with the matter or to bring the curtains
down."
[41]. The learned Judicial Magistrate First Class after stating the
contents of the final report submitted by the investigating officer and after
quoting the provisions of Section 418, 419 and 415 IPC came to the
conclusion that no case of causing wrongful loss to the complainant was
made out and that the materials also do not disclose either about the
altering or destroying of any valuable security by the accused persons so
as to bring home the offence/charge under Sections 418/419/420 IPC and
disposed of the both the final report and the protest petition. When the
learned Judicial Magistrate First Class came to the conclusion that there is
no indication in the prospectus as to whether the Free Progress Academy
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 26
is a registered and recognised school of CBSE, it ought not to have come
to the conclusion that there was no case of causing wrongful loss to the
complainant. Similarly, the learned Sessions Judge also erred in arriving at
a conclusion that there is no question of depriving the children of the
petitioner to get their education in a normal environment because the
petitioner's two children have completed higher education while third son is
doing BE outside Manipur.
[42]. The available records reveal that the investigating officer has
failed to investigate the allegation of issuance of reading certificate in the
case of the petitioner's third son. According to the petitioner, the private
respondents could not issue such a reading certificate from Free Progress
Academy Centre No.1 when demanded by the petitioner and it turned out
to be a fake school. This fact has been completed ignored by the Courts
below and, as such, the finding of the learned Sessions Judge that the
learned Judicial Magistrate First Class has correctly arrived at the finding
that the respondents 2 to 5 have not committed any illegality is perverse.
This Court finds some force in the said submission made by the learned
counsel for the petitioner.
[43]. During the course of the investigation, there may be good
number of witnesses were examined by the investigating officer. According
to the prosecution, their statements are all quite alternative with the
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 27
statement of the complainant, however, their statements favoured the
statements of the accused persons. Whether or not the statements made
by the witnesses are contrary to the statement made by the complainant is
to be decided by the Court of law. At the end of the final report, the
investigating officer stated the case may be revived whenever any question
arises.
[44]. Prima facie, the act of the Free Progress Academy become
doubtful and the finding of the learned Sessions Judge to the effect that the
said Free Progress Academy Centre No.1, Hura is a tutorial home without
having academic calendar and it is not recognized by the CBSE, there is
still doubt in the minds of this Court that the complaint of the petitioner
needs to be re-investigated by the respondent police so as to give correct
picture to the jurisdictional Court and for the welfare of the society.
Though the allegation of the petition relates between the year 1999-2002,
in order to lime light the true picture in this case and ends of justice, the re-
investigation is necessary. No prejudice would be caused to the private
respondents or the Free Progress Academy if re-investigation is ordered at
this stage.
[45]. At this juncture, it is pertinent to highlight the decision of the
Apex Court in the case of Zunaid v. State of U.P. and others, Criminal
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 28
Appeal Nos.2628-2629 of 2023, decided on 29.8.2023, wherein, the Apex
Court held:
"11. ..... It may be noted that even in a case where
the final report of the police under Section 173 is accepted
and the accused persons are discharged, the Magistrate
has the power to take cognizance of the offence on a
complaint or a Protest Petition on the same or similar
allegations even after the acceptance of the final report.
As held by this Court in Gopal Vijay Verma Vs.
Bhuneshwar Prasad Sinha and Others, (1982) 3 SCC 510
as followed in B.Candrika Vs. Santhosh and Another,
(2014) 13 SCC 699, a Magistrate is not debarred from
taking cognizance of a complaint merely on the ground
that earlier he had declined to take cognizance of the
police report. No doubt the Magistrate while exercising his
judicial discretion has to apply his mind to the contents of
the Protest Petition or the complaint as the case may be."
[46]. It is well settled that expressions "ends of justice" and "to
prevent abuse of the process of any court" used in Section 482 of the
Cr.P.C. are intended to work both ways, either when an innocent person is
unjustifiably subjected to an undeserving prosecution, or if an ex facie well-
merited prosecution is throttled at the threshold without allowing the
material in support of it to see the light of the day.
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 29
[47]. For all the reasons stated above, the learned Sessions Judge,
Manipur East erred in holding that there is no illegality in the order passed
by the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Imphal West. In the light of
the discussions held supra, orders of the Courts below are liable to be set
aside.
[48]. In the result,
(i) The Criminal Petition No.6 of 2009 is allowed.
(ii) The order of the learned Sessions Judge, Manipur
East dated 29.7.2009 passed in Criminal Revision
Case No.7 of 2008 confirming the order dated
6.3.2008 passed in Cril. Misc. (FR) Case No.69 of
2007 and Cril. Misc. Case No.122 of 2007 is set
aside.
(iii) The concerned police is directed to re-investigate
the case in accordance with law.
JUDGE
FR/NFR
Abujam Surjit
Cril. No. 6 of 2009 Page 30
