Madras High Court
P.Dhanaseelan vs The Union Of India on 1 February, 2022
W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
DATED : 01.02.2022
CORAM:
THE HONOURABLE DR.JUSTICE ANITA SUMANTH
W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
W.M.P(MD).Nos.16863 and 16864 of 2018
P.Dhanaseelan ...Petitioner
/Vs./
1. The Union of India,
Rep.by its Joint Secretary,
Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Department of Higher Education,
Shastri Bhawan,
New Delhi-110 001.
2.National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Represented by its Registrar,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
3.National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Represented by its Director,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
4.The Board of Governors,
Rep.by its Chairperson,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
1/26
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5.S.Amalan Sigmund Kaushik,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Architecture,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
6.Dr.Virivinti Nagajothi,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Chemical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
7.Dr.Sarthak Mandal,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Chemistry,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
8.Dr.Sunandan Sarkar,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Chemistry,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
9.Dr.Somenath Garai,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Chemistry,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
2/26
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
10.Dr.R.Raghavan,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
11.Dr.R.Senthil Kumar,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
12.Dr.Jeevan Joseph,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
13.Dr.S.Marisamynathan,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
14.Dr.D.Ruben Sudhakar,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Energy and Environment,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
3/26
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
15.Dr.Menka,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Energy and Environment,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
16.Dr.S.S.Karthikeyan,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
17.Dr.Varun P.Gopi,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
18.Dr.Shelas Sathyan
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
19.Dr.Karthik Thirumala
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
4/26
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
20.Dr.Vivek Mohan
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
21.Dr.R.L.Josephine,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
22.Dr.Manoranjan Sahoo,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
23.Dr.R.Periyasamy,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
24.Dr.P.A.Karthick,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering,
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
25.Dr.C.Geetha,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
26.Dr.S.Nivethitha,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Management Studies,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
27.Dr.I.Jeyaraman,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mathematics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
28.Dr.Jitraj Saha,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mathematics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
29.Dr.N.Prakash,
Assistant Professor,
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Department of Mathematics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
30.Dr.Vamsinadh Thota
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mathematics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
31.Dr.D.Nagarajan,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
32.Dr.V.Karthik,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
33.Dr.Ashok Kumar Nallathambi,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
34.Dr.R.Kaushik,
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
35.Dr.S.S.Harish Kruthiventi
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
36.Dr.Vedharaj Sivasankaralingam
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
37.Dr.Annupureddy Venkarteswarlu
Assistant Professor,
Department of Physics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
38.Dr.Prabal Singh Verma,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Physics,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
8/26
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
39.Dr.V.Satheeshkumar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Production Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015.
40.Dr.Ganesh Chandra Nandi,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Chemistry,
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Thuvakudi,
Tiruchirappalli-620 015. ...Respondents
PRAYER:- Writ Petition - filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of
India, praying for the issuance of a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus, to
call for the records culminating to the selection of 42 Assistant Professor
made in pursuance of the Advertisement No.NITT/R/F/2017/03 dated
11.10.2017 issued by the second respondent and to quash the same and to
command the respondent Nos.2 to 4 to make fresh selection for the
regular post of Assistant Professor in the third respondent institute by
operating the “post based” roster prepared in accordance with the
Government of India, Department of Personnel and Training O.M.No.
36012/2/96-Estt. (Res) dated 02.07.1997, after indicating the number of
vacancies earmarked for each reserved and unreserved categories by
treating each Department as a unit and as per the Resolution of the fourth
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
respondent and to appoint the petitioner as Assistant Professor (Fine
Arts) in the Department of Architecture of the third respondent Institute
on the basis of the qualification as advertised in their advertisement dated
13.07.2016, 06.05.2017 and 11.10.2017.
For Petitioner : Mr.Sricharan Rangarajan
for Mr.T.Sakthi Kumaran
For R1 : Mr.M.Kannan
For R2 to R4 : Ms.J.Maria Roseline
For R5 to R14 &
R16 to R18 : Mr.V.Meenakshi Sundaram
For R29, R31, R33-
R35, R37 to R40 : Mr.S.Anwar Sameem
for M/s.T.Antony Arulraj
For R19 to R28,
R15, R32 & R36 : No appearance
ORDER
The petitioner challenges advertisement dated 11.10.2017 calling
for applications for the post of Assistant Professors in the National
Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli [NIT]. As a consequence of the
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
advertisement issued, 36 Assistant Professors have been appointed, all
arrayed as respondents to this writ petition. During the pendency of the
writ petition, several have retired.
2. Seeing as the petitioner's application was for a post in the
Department of Architecture, I am of the view that the challenge must be
restricted only to such applications as relate to the aforesaid department.
Thus, this writ petition is dismissed as regards those respondents, who
have retired and those who are appointed in other Departments, barring
the Department of Architecture.
3. R5 has been appointed as Assistant Professor in the
Department of Architecture and this Writ Petition is thus decided qua the
eligibility of the petitioner to be appointed in the post of Assistant
Professor and the veracity or otherwise of the concluded appointment of
R5. These are the only two issues that arise for consideration of this
Court.
4. NIT is governed by the provisions of the National Institutes
of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007 [ 'NITSER Act
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
2007']. Clause 23 of the First Statutes framed under the provisions of the
Act provide for the mode and method of appointments to be effected by
the Board of Governors, including Academic, Technical or
Administrative appointments.
5. Clause 7 of the First Statutes adumbrate the essential
qualifications for appointments to the position of faculty in the
Department of Architecture as follows:
S.O.947(E)- In exercise of the powers conferred by
sub-section (3) and sub-section (4) of Section 26 of the
National Institue of Technology, Science Education and
Research Act, 2007 (29 of 2007), with the prior approval of
the Visitor, the Central Government hereby makes the
following statutes further to amend the First Statutes of the
National Institutes of Technology, namely-
(1) These Statutes may be called the First Statutes
of the National Institutes of Technology (Amendment)
Statutes, 2017.
7. For faculty in the Department of Architecture, follwoign
shall be essential qualification without insisting on credit
point requirements at Assistant Professor level:
(I) M.Arch or M.Plan with one year professional
experience; Assistant Professor at Acamedic Grade Pay of
Rs.6000;
(ii) M.Arch or M.Plan with two years of
professional experience; Assistant Professor at Academic
Grade Pay of Rs.7000;
(iii) For higher cadres the educational
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
qualification and credit point requirement shall remain same
as given in the table for Engineering and Sciences.
6. The impugned call for appointments dated 11.10.2017 sets
out the essential qualifications in clause 2 as follows:
2.Essential Qualifications:-
(I) Detailed Educational Qualifications,
Experience and other criteria for selection shall be as per
the modified recruitment rules for Faculty in NITS. It shall
be as per Schedule E of the first statutes of the NITs
(amendment Statutes 2017) reference Gazette of India dated
July 24th 2017.
(ii) All new entrants shall have Ph.D* in the
relevant/equivalent discipline and shall have First Class in
the preceding Degrees
Preceding Degrees:-
* For all Engineering/Architecture Departments
B.Tech/B Arch. or any equivalent degree AND
M.Tech/M.Arch or any equivalent degree in relevant
discipline.
* Candidates having Ph.D. Degree directly after
B.Tech. From reputed Institution/Universities will also be
considered, if other norms are fulfilled.
* For Humanities/Management/Applied Sciences
B.A./B.Sc/B.Com. or any equivalent undergraduate degree
and /or M.A./ M.Sc./M.Com./M.B.A./M.C.A or any
equivalent P.G. degree in relevant discipline.
* Relaxation for applying to Assistant Professor
(On Contract) AGP Rs.6000Rs.7000 in Architecture
Department as per Gazette of India notification.
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
7. The petitioner would urge that there must be clarity in regard
to what constitutes 'eligible criteria' and Notification calling for
applications must be transparent and adhere to the relevant Regulations
available in public domain. In this instance, the Notification stipulates
that for the Department of Architecture, a B.Tech/B.Arch or any
equivalent degree and M.Tech/M.Arch or any other equivalent degree in
the relevant discipline would suffice. Clause (2)(i) specifically refers to
Schedule E of the First Statutes that, inter alia, contains clause 7, as
noticed earlier.
8. The petitioner had joined the services of NIT pursuant to an
advertisement dated 13.07.2016. He possessed, at that time, the
qualifications of B.R.A., (Bachelors of Fine Arts) and M.F.A., (Master of
Fine Arts) and an M.Phil in History along with industrial work and
teaching experience as an Assistant Professor (Fine Arts). He was called
for a written test and thereafter selected to fill one of 59 temporary
faculty positions in the Department of Architecture. He was appointed on
16.08.2016 as a temporary faculty for academic year (AY) 2016-17.
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
9. While so, an Associate Professor in the Department of
Architecture had retired on 31.10.2016 and the petitioner would claim to
have handled the work load of said Associate Professor, till the
completion of his period of service on 30.06.2017. He applied again in
response to an advertisement dated 06.05.2017 to fill 148 temporary
faculty positions and was again appointed to work till 31.12.2017. His
services were extended by letter dated 04.01.2018, till 30.04.2018. He
applied in response to the impugned notification dated 11.10.2017 and
was unsuccessful. Hence this writ petition.
10. Recruitment Rules were introduced anew in the NIT
meanwhile, vide notification dated 21.07.2017 and it is the petitioner's
case that all recruitments made pursuant to the impugned Notification
must be in line with the new Recruitment Rules, as per clause 7 of the
First Statutes. Seen in the context of the aforesaid, the petitioner, who
holds neither an M.Arch nor an M.Plan, is not eligible for appointment.
He does not seriously dispute the position qua his eligibility, except to
state that R5 is also wholly ineligible, since he too holds neither an
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
M.Arch nor an M.Plan, but only a Masters in Landscape Architecture.
11. Since R5 is also not endowed with the requisite
qualification, the petitioner would press into service Article 14 of the
Constitution to state that his candidature must be preferred for
appointment over that of R5, seeing as he has previously worked in the
Department of Architecture for two academic years, also handling the
additional work load of an Associate Professor .
12. The defence of NIT as well as R5 is premised upon the
qualifications prescribed under the Minimum Standards of Architectural
Education Regulations over the years. They argue that Section 83 of the
Architects Act, 1972 ('Act') provides for the constitution of a Council of
Architecture upon whose recommendations, Regulations for minimum
standards in Architectural education are being issued from time to time.
13. The Regulations of the year 1983 have been duly notified
and contain an Appendix which, at clause 2 states that the qualification
for a Reader or an Assistant professor is a B.Arch or equivalent, with
seven years’ experience in teaching, research or professional work, or an
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
M.Arch or equivalent with five years’ experience in
Teaching/Professional work.
14. The Note appended thereto states that the equivalent
qualification shall mean any such qualification as recognized by the
Council of Architecture for registration as an Architect under Section 25
of the Architects Act, 1972. Thus, according to them, the educational
qualification of R5 being M.Plan in Landscape Architecture would
suffice and his appointment is not liable to be disturbed.
15. They also rely on subsequent Regulations issued in 2015
and 2017 that contain Annexures prescribing qualifications, and
equivalence of Post-Graduate Degrees in 28 designated subjects having a
duration of two year/four semester (Full time) or Three years/Six
semesters(part time) granted by Indian Universities or a competent
Authority recognized by the Central and State Government, to an M.Arch
degree, for the purpose of employment in institutions imparting
Architectural education. Landscape Architecture is included in this list at
Serial No.4.
16. The difficulty they face is that the 2015 and 2017
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
regulations have not been notified and cannot be relied upon. There is
thus no question of incorporation by reference of these Regulations into
the First Statues without the proper process of Notification, as
prescribed.
17. In fact, the 2017 regulations were challenged in a writ
petition bearing No.34676 of 2018 by the Academic Society of
Architects. The basis of the challenge was that the 2017 regulations were
being enforced even prior to approval by the Ministry of Human
Resources Development. This challenge was accepted, the Division
Bench holding that the attempt of the respondents to enforce the 2017
regulations even prior to approval, was clearly misconceived.
18. The Bench further observes that the only regulations that
would be enforceable, as they have been duly approved by the
Government as well as gazetted, are the Minimum Standards of
Architectural Education Regulations, 1983, framed under Section 45(2)
(e)(g)(h)(i) and (j) r/w Section 21 of the Architects Act. Reliance of the
respondents upon the 2015 and 2017 regulations is thus clearly
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
misconceived.
19. The Division Bench, in conclusion, states thus:
“30. A reading of the above judgment
of the Supreme Court shows that if a Statute
confers power to issue Regulations/Guidelines,
the same has to be done only in the manner
specified under the Statute and not in any other
manner. Therefore, the dictum laid down in the
said decision of the Supreme Court, will
squarely apply to the facts of the present case.
Further, Section 21 of the Architects Act gives
power to the Council of Architecture to
prescribe the minimum standards of
Architectural education required for granting
recognised qualifications by colleges or
institutions in India and such prescription of the
Regulations cannot be done independently by
the first respondent-Council of Architecture.
Thus, the Minimum Standards of Architectural
Education Regulations are to be brought into
force only by way of due approval of the same
by the Central Government and issuance of the
same in the Official Gazette of the Union of
India as provided under Section 45 of the Act. In
the absence of such approval by the Central
Government, the said "Minimum Standards of
Architectural Education Regulations, 2017", do
not have any statutory force and they cannot be
implemented. In the present case, the
prescription of the Minimum Standards of
Architectural Education Regulations, 2017 are
being discussed in the meetings of the Council
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
of Architecture. But it is clear that the said 2017
Regulations have not yet been approved by the
Central Government till date and only the
earlier Regulations of the year 1983 are in
force. Under such circumstances, the attempt
made by the first respondent-Council of
Architecture by issuance of impugned
communications dated 31.10.2018 and
03.12.2018 to the Architectural institutions, is
not legally sustainable. Therefore, the impugned
communications are liable to be quashed, since
the first respondent-CoA is trying to enforce the
Regulations of the year 2017 even before the
same are approved by the second respondent-
Central Government.
31. Hence, for the reasons stated
above, the Writ Petition is allowed as prayed
for. Consequently, W.M.P. is closed. No costs.”
20. The 1983 Regulations read with the explanatory Note
contained thereto, still stare the petitioner and R5 in the face as they
prescribe a Masters Degree or equivalent, such equivalence connoting
any qualification as may be recognised by the Council of Architecture
for registration as an architect. For this purpose, one may refer to
Section 25 of the Architect Act which deals with qualification for entry
in the register of architects.
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
21. Section 25 states that the Tribunal constituted for inclusion
of names in the registers, the Registration Tribunal, would direct the
entry of the name of the applicant in the register, if he holds recognised
qualifications or possesses other qualifications as may be prescribed by
the Rules. 'Recognized qualification' is defined in Section 2[d] of the Act
as any qualification in Architecture for the time being included in the
Schedule or notified under Section 15.
22. Section 15 refers to qualifications granted by authorities in
foreign countries and is not relevant for purposes of this case. The
Schedule to the Act does not refer to a Masters Degree and refers only to
Under-Graduate degrees. Reliance upon in Appendix B of the 1983
Regulations and the explanatory Note, thus, takes us nowhere.
23. In light of clause 7 of the First Statues, which is categoric
to the effect that only a Masters in Architecture or a Masters in Planning
with the required experience will suffice, the question of equivalence
does not arise at all.
24. This conclusion would render both the petitioner as well as
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
R5 ineligible for appointment, R5 as the degree held by him, a Masters
in Landscape Planning does not satisfy the essential qualifications set out
under Advertisement dated 11.10.20174 and the petitioner as admittedly
he has not studied Architecture let alone acquired a Masters degree in
that subject.
25.Detailed submissions have been made in regard to the
application of the reservation policy in effecting the appointments.
While the respondents would submit that, in making the appointments,
they have applied the applicable rules of reservation within the
framework of flexible cadre of structure, the petitioner would point out
that there is no reference to this in the notification.
26.He is right on this score. The Board of Governors, at the
20th meeting held in January 2010, have discussed the issue relating to
faculty recruitment directing specific attention to the following issues:
“(a) The number of vacancies available
in various departments for various posts must be
clearly specified in advance.
(b) Those candidates who had applied against
the earlier advertisement may not be needed to
apply again, but should be allowed to upgrade
and uplink any additional data in their bio-data
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
subsequent to their application that could add
value to their candidature.
(c) The positions in the various departments must
be based on work load, students' number, etc.
(d) The reservation policy of the Government of
India must be fully implemented and so specified
in the advertisement in terms of number of posts
available under the reservation policy.
(e) This new advertisement with the number of
vacancies clearly specified must be approved in a
HODs' meeting and subsequently by the Senate.
(f) Further Board resolved that, after the
completion of above process it could be
circulated to the Chairman and members of the
Board and approval obtained through circulation
note.
(g) After fulfilling the above, the advertisement is
to be released.”
27.The impugned advertisement dated 11.10.2017 does not
confirm to this directive, as nowhere does it stipulate, as has been
specifically directed by the Board, the specific number of posts per
category. It is only the counter which gives the break-up as being 11
vacancies of which, six relate to OC, three to OBC and one each to SC
and ST. These details ought to have been stipulated in the advertisement
itself and the omission to do so is a fatal flaw that, to my mind, vitiates
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
the procedure followed in effecting appointments. The qualifications
stipulated are also, as per the discussion in the paragraphs supra, not in
line with the required regulations.
28. The opacity of the selection process and the errors in regard
to the qualifications of the aspirants to the posts are indeed a matter of
concern to the Court. It appears clear to me that all is not well as regards
the method, methodology as well as the procedure followed by NIT, in
effecting appointments, at least with regard to the Department of
Architecture.
29. In light of the detailed discussion as above, the
appointment of R5 is set aside. There shall be a fresh call for filling in
the vacancies that arise consequent upon this order and the process shall
be strictly in line with the stipulations under the First Statues and the
1983 Regulations, such exercise to be concluded within a period of three
months from today.
30. This Writ Petition is disposed in the aforesaid terms. No
costs. Connected miscellaneous petitions are closed.
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
01.02.2022
Index :Yes/No
Internet : Yes
ssb
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W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
DR.ANITA SUMANTH, J.
ssb
Note : In view of the present lock down owing to COVID-19 pandemic,
a web copy of the order may be utilized for official purposes,
but, ensuring that the copy of the order that is presented is the
correct copy, shall be the responsibility of the advocate/litigant
concerned.
Order made in
W.P.(MD)No.19024 of 2018
Dated:
01.02.2022
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