Citation : 2025 Latest Caselaw 134 Guj
Judgement Date : 5 May, 2025
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
R/CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 42 of 2000
FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:
HONOURABLE MS. JUSTICE VAIBHAVI D. NANAVATI
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE UTKARSH THAKORBHAI DESAI
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Approved for Reporting Yes No
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STATE OF GUJARAT
Versus
RAMESH SOMABHAI AMALIYAR & ORS.
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Appearance:
MS.DHWANI TRIPATHI, APP for the Appellant(s) No. 1
MS JAYSHREE C BHATT(170) for the Opponent(s)/Respondent(s) No. 1
NOTICE SERVED for the Opponent(s)/Respondent(s) No. 1,2,3,4,5
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CORAM:HONOURABLE MS. JUSTICE VAIBHAVI D. NANAVATI
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE UTKARSH THAKORBHAI
DESAI
Date : 05/05/2025
ORAL JUDGMENT
(PER : HONOURABLE MS. JUSTICE VAIBHAVI D. NANAVATI)
1. Heard Ms.Dhwani Tripathi learned APP
appearing for the appellant herein.
2. This is an appeal under Section 378(1)(3) of the
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, wherein, the
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appellant herein is aggrieved by the judgement
and order of the acquittal passed by the
Additional Sessions Judge, Panchmahal at
Godhara, in Sessions Case No.148 of 1997 dated
02.07.1998.
3. Briefly stated, the facts are that on 06/05/1997 at
19:30 hrs, the accused, namely Ramesh
Somabhai Amaliyar, by luring and enticing
Samudiben, the minor daughter of the
complainant, Shakariyabhai Ditiyabhai, with an
intention to have sexual intercourse with her
before marriage, forcefully pulled Samudiben
from a place near Dahod Town Taluka Panchayat
Office and compelled her to board the rickshaw
bearing registration no. GJ-17/U-188; thus by
abducting her from the lawful guardianship of
the complainant, Shakariya Ditiyabhai, the
accused, namely Ramesh Soma, raped and had
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sexual intercourse with her; and Bhagvandas,
Virsinh Chhaganbhai and Kikabhai, viz. accused
no. 2 to 5, by aiding and abetting him, and
thereby they have committed an offense
punishable under sections 363, 366, 376, 114 of
I.P.C.
3.1 Ditiyabhai Sagadiya, the complainant in the
case, filed a complaint regarding the case at
Dahod Town Police Station on 08/05/1997. As
mentioned in the complaint, he resides at
Borwani village with family, and he has four boys
and three daughters. Khuman is the eldest son,
followed by the daughter, Samudi, who is
married and lives with her in-laws, then
Samudiben, who is a bachelor and lives with him.
On the day of incident, the complainant, his son,
Kuman, and Samudiben, and other ladies from
the village, thus all the three, father-children,
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went for work at about seven o'clock in the
morning at the Khan river where the work of the
bridge was underway. They did labor work all
day and at about six-thirty in the evening, all the
three, father-daughters, came to Dahod from
work in a rickshaw. They alighted at the
marketing yard. He was paying the fare of the
rickshaw. While Khuman and Samudi were
walking towards the crossroads near the Taluka
Panchayat Office, and the complainant was
following them. Meanwhile, at about seven-thirty
in the evening, Ramesh Soma Amaliyar, R/o
Gagaliyavad, Nadi Faliya, was standing beside
the rickshaw near the Taluka Panchayat Office.
He was trying to take his daughter, Samudi,
inside the rickshaw by pulling her. Meanwhile,
his son, Khuman, rushed to Samudi and was
trying to alight her from the rickshaw. Therefore,
Ramesh Soma went after Khuman to attack him.
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As he got closer at that time, Ramesh Soma, took
away his daughter, Samudi, by pulling her inside
the rickshaw bearing registration No. GJ-17,U-
188. Her daughter, Samudi, is thirteen years old.
3.2 Thus, the complainant has submitted
complaint that the lady witness, his daughter,
Samudi, a minor, has been taken away from his
guardianship, by luring and enticing her to be his
wife, he has requested for investigation in this
regard.
4. Ms.Tripathi the learned APP submits that the
order impugned is contrary to law and facts on
record and principles of natural justice. It is
submitted that the same is required to be
quashed and set aside.
4.1 Ms.Tripathi submits that the deposition of
Samudiben below Exh.12 is not considered in the
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right spirit wherein the prosecutrix clearly
deposed on oath that as on the date of the
incident while she was returning home, the
respondent-accused kidnapped her and was
taken her to village:Delsar, where she was
sexually enjoyed by the accused twice and
thereafter early in the morning by memu train
she was taken to village:Anas as referred to in
ground (C) and there also she was sexually
enjoyed by the accused three times during night.
She has also deposed that from village Anas she
was taken to village Sabrala and there also she
was sexually enjoyed by the accused four times
and submitted that the competent Court ought to
have seen that the prosecutrix Samudiben had
identified the accused Ramesh Kalia and
Chhagan Baria.
4.2 It was submitted by Ms.Tripathi that the
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competent Court has failed to appreciate
deposition of PW-7 Fataliben Narsinghbai who
was examined by the prosecution where she
supported the case of the respondent-accused.
The fact that the respondent-accused came to
Taluka Panchayat Chokdi and from there she was
kidnapped and taken by the accused in the
rickshaw.
4.3 She further submitted that the evidence of
the school teacher Chhaganbhai Hakjib who was
examined by the prosecution at Exh.34 was not
properly appreciated wherein it was deposed
that the birth date of the prosecutrix as on date
of the incident was 10.04.1980. The leaving
certificate is also produced below Exh.20. It is
submitted that the competent Court has
committed an error in giving undue importance
to minor omissions and contradictions in the
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evidence.
4.4 It was finally submitted by Ms.Tripathi that
in light of the aforesaid submissions, the
impugned judgement wherein the respondent
herein is acquitted is required to be quashed and
set aside.
5. On conclusion of evidence on the part of the
prosecution, the trial Court recorded further
statements of private opponents as provided u/s
313 of the Code, wherein, the private opponents
herein denied their involvement in the offence
and stated that false case has been filed against
them. After hearing both the sides and after
appreciating evidence adduced by the
prosecution, the learned trial Judge acquitted the
private opponents herein from the charge of
offence under sections 363, 366, 376, 114 of
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I.P.C.
6. Having heard Ms.Tripathi learned APP appearing
for the appellant herein and having considered
the documents produced on record, it emerges
that the competent Court while passing the
impugned judgement and order dated
02.07.1998 considered the evidence on record.
This Court has also considered the evidence
which is placed on record from which it emerges
that considering the deposition of the PW-10
which is produced at page 201, the school
leaving certificate is placed on record by Exh.20,
wherein, the date of birth of the prosecutrix is
10.04.1980 and in view thereof, the age of the
prosecutrix was 17 years at the time of the
incident. The complainant i.e. the father of the
petitioner lodged the FIR after 3 days of the date
of incident. It further emerges that the PW
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Nos.3 and 4 are hostile. The doctor's certificate
below Exh.21 and Exh.22 are produced on
record, however the doctor is not examined.
7. We deem it fit to discuss the scope of the
principle of an appeal against acquittal. While it
is not in dispute that an Appellate Court has full
power to review, reappreciate and consider the
evidence , upon which the acquittal is ordered.
However, it is also well settled principle of law
that the Appellate Court should be slow in
disbursing the finding of fact arrived at by the
competent Court who had advantage of seeing
witnesses while ordering acquittal. Generally
the order of acquittal shall not be interfered with
because the presumption of innocence of the
accused is further strengthened by the acquittal.
The powers under this Section are not
circumscribed as it powers while exercising
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Revision Application. The Courts will not
interfere with the order of acquittal unless there
are reasons compelling and in those cases
judgements are so perverse and based on
material that the order is required to be
interfered with.
8. The additional statement of the accused is
recorded under Section 313 of Criminal
Procedure Code. It is apt to reproduce the
relevant paras of the impugned judgement
passed by the competent Court dated 02.07.1998
passed in Sessions Case No.148 of 1997. The
translation of relevant paras of the impugned
judgement is reproduced as under:
"(15) Now, if we look at the facts of the cross-examination of the complainant and other witnesses, there appears contradiction in evidence of the complainant. The complainant mentioned the name of the accused, Ramesh Soma, in the complaint, but cannot identify him in the Court. The
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complainant in his complaint mentioned that he saw Ramesh Soma taking away Samudi and also mentioned the registration number of the rickshaw, while in the evidence, stated that his son, Khuman, had taken away Samudi. Hence, there appears contradiction in the evidence of the complainant. Thus, it does not transpire from his evidence that the complainant saw that the accused in this case or anyone of the accused forcefully took away the victim, Samudi.
If we look at the facts of the evidence of cross-examination of the complainant, the witness admits the fact that Khan river can be reached from Dahod through Mandav road, and a number of rickshaws commute on that road. None among the accused was coming to work with him. They and others alighted at market crossroads on the day of incident. The rickshaw in which they came had the capacity to carry forty to fifty persons. He does not remember their names. Persons with him started walking towards the market on their own, while he stopped for making the payment; and after making the payment, he along with other six to seven boys went to Khareda crossroads. Those boys belonged to his family and neighbors, and they went to Khareda crossroads from Mandav crossroads. It did not take them even a minute, and when they reached, Khuman shouted that the girl had been taken away in the rickshaw.
The witness further states that the boy,
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Khuman, came and stated that the girl had been beaten and taken away in the rickshaw, and that he did not know who took her away. The witness states the fact during cross-examination that they searched for half an hour, but not succeeding in it, he, his son and Chiniyo Sabrala went to the Police Station, and then all three dictated the complaint. Thumb impression of two persons were taken on the complaint, and they were taken on a single paper. It took half an hour for dictating the complaint, and they returned home thereafter. This witness further stated that along with other fifty to sixty persons, he visited police station in the morning and it was requested to produce the said girl. Custody of the girl was handed over in the evening at 6 pm. The girl was alone and she was inquired. The girl may have declared to the police the names of the persons who took her to Galaliyawad. Therefore, police had given names. After handing over the girl and stating the names, the police did not write complaint. However, the witness accepted that after lodging the complaint, the girl was handed over at 6 pm on next day. The witness also stated that no names were mentioned in the complaint.
However, upon considering the complaint, name of accused Ramesh Soma was mentioned in it. Therefore, it appears in view of the said fact that the said name was mentioned in the complaint after the girl was handed over and after learning the name, thus, the complaint must have been lodged later on.
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During cross-examination, the witness stated that according to him, he had gone to lodge the complaint at the police station on the same day when the girl was taken away. Further, it has not happened that the complaint was lodged two days after the girl was taken away. This witness accepted that correct date of birth of his daughter was mentioned at the time of her admission to school.
Accordingly, considering the said facts, no details mentioned by the complainant in this case transpires on record. Upon considering the facts of the complaint, it appears that this complaint was given on the third day of the incident. Therefore, on the basis of name of the accused mentioned in the complaint, it can be said that the complaint was given after the girl was found or the complaint was given later on.
The witness further states that his son was beaten by them with the sticks. He had sustained injuries in the back, feet and hands. However, separate complaint was not lodged in that regard.
Upon considering the said details, it does not transpire on record that son of the complainant had sustained injuries.
(16) Upon considering evidence from cross-examination of the victim Samudiben, she has stated that primarily the accused Ramesh Soma committed rape on her i.e.
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she states that Ramesh had sexual intercourse with her. As stated in her examination in chief, she was held by people of Sabrala village, but she has not stated as to who had held her. As stated in her examination in chief, two accused persons were present in the Court who had taken her away but she did not know their names. She has not stated their roles in taking her away.
This witness accepted during her cross- examination that her age was mentioned as seventeen years before the police. This witness denies the fact that Ramesh was doing masonry work at the construction work of bridge. She also stated that she did not know Ramesh before the incident. She further stated that Ramesh was doing slab work with machine.
Further, the aforesaid witness stated that she alighted at market cross-roads and then walked to Parel. Her brother, her aunt Fatu, her sister Hamudi were accompanying her. Little children, their father and two to four women were moving behind them. They had gone to Parel through station road and her brother had accompanied her till they reached Parel. His father had not come till there and he was behind. This witness also states that after she was compelled to board the rickshaw, the driver departed the rickshaw immediately and this happened at Vandariya village at the location of a fair.
While as per the details of the
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complaint, she was made to sit in the rickshaw near the office of Taluka Panchayat.
Further, upon considering the details of cross-examination, there were four persons in the rickshaw and they had assaulted her and beaten her with a stick. The rickshaw was driven to Delsar from there. She was directly taken to the house from rickshaw. Men and women of the house were sleeping in the Courtyard. The door was closed from the outside. On that night, she was raped once in the dark. The witness stated that she did not know as to who committed rape on her. This witness further stated that she did not talk to two persons who were sleeping outside in the morning. Thereafter, they i.e. five persons walked to Anaas and reached the railway station within 1.5 to 2 hours. The four persons were walking ahead and she was about ten feet behind her. The train arrived half an hour after she reached platform. There were many people on platform. Thereafter, they alighted at Anaas. Two of them were sleeping inside. They were sleeping on the floor by using a quilt. The said quilt was inside the house. There was bed-sheet to cover and both of them were covered in the same bed-sheet and had intercourse twice during the night.
Further, this witness stated during her cross-examination that they reached Sabrala in rickshaw and there were two to four passengers in it. She did not know as to whose house she visited in Sabrala. They
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were sleeping at night at Sabrala and had intercourse twice-thrice there during the night. Police had reached there and she was present there along with Ramesh. Police had brought her from there. Police had sent her to hospital and her clothes were collected. She was taken to police station from the hospital. Her father and family members were present there. They talked to her and thereafter, she was inquired by the police. Further, as stated by the witness, the police came to take her three days after the incident occurred, but not on the following day.
However, according to the complainant, the police handed over the girl at six o'clock the day after the complaint was filed.
The witness further accepted that she had stated in her statement the fact that, "Ramesh did not beat me." During cross- examination, she also accepted that she did not know the names of the individuals who took her away in the rickshaw with Ramesh; that the police did not present any accused persons to her after taking her into custody; and that the policeman recorded whatever he wished and questioned her father and brother regarding the facts. The witness accepts that she neither knew nor currently knows the names of Kika Badiya and Chhagan Kaliya. Further, during her stay for three nights, neither Ramesh tied her hands and legs and gagged her nor did she beat Ramesh during that period; that neither she saw or knew the persons she identified in
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the Court nor the police conducted an identification parade of the accused. The witness accepts that in tribal communities, it is a common practice for a girl to be abducted and that such matters are typically resolved later by the elders of the family.
(17) Considering the facts and circumstances of the case as well as the evidence of the witnesses mentioned above, the allegation that the accused forcibly abducted the victim or that Ramesh Soma committed the rape - forcible sexual intercourse, cannot be accepted beyond reasonable doubt. Similarly, the use of the term "karelu" (i.e., "had sexual intercourse") to imply that the accused committed rape on the victim does not appear acceptable. Further, based on the cross-examination of the victim Samudiben, it appears that with her consent, she accompanied the accused willingly. If she had not gone voluntarily, how come she remained with the accused for several days, during which she met various individuals. Also, the prosecution witnesses would have promptly gone for filing a complaint or initiating a search for her after witnessing the incident. However, no such facts appear to have taken place. Further, during cross-examination, the location of the incident itself was inconsistent. The victim claimed she was abducted from the Gol Gadheda fair, whereas other witnesses stated she was abducted from near the Taluka Panchayat Office. Considering the same, it is plausible that the victim may have left with Ramesh
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from the fair. Moreover, considering the evidence of other witnesses, they do not state that the incident occurred in Parel.
(18) According to the evidence of Khuman Shakariya, Prosecution Witness No. 5, the individuals in a rickshaw approached near the Taluka Panchayat Office and caught hold and compelled Samudi to board the rickshaw. Hence, this witness does not state that the incident occurred in Parel.
Looking to cross-examination of this witness, he stated that he did not count the number of persons in the rickshaw, nor did he ask Samudi the names of any of them after she returning home. He accepts that he saw the rickshaw fleeing away and after it had departed, he ran to call his father, which took about 15-20 minutes. Upon meeting his father, they proceeded together to Sabrala. The witness accepts that he could not identify who was involved in the incident and who was not and that he did not know any of the persons involved.
(18) Thus, upon considering the facts and circumstances of the case in their entirety, none of the facts as per the charge-sheet framed against the accused persons have been proved against any of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. There are significant contradictions between the complaint and the evidence. Further, the complaint was filed with delay. Taking into account all the facts and evidences, the evidence of the prosecution are not
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acceptable beyond reasonable doubt. No such fact gets proved beyond reasonable doubt that, at the time of incident, the accused persons--or any one of them-- took the victim away or committed rape upon her. In light of this, no offence has been proved against the accused persons beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, I am of the opinion that the accused persons are entitled to be acquitted and I accordingly pass the following order.
ORDER
Accused Ramesh Soma Amaliyar,
Bhagwandas @ Bhagu @ Raju Udaram Aibadasani, Virsingh Bachubhai Kharadiya, Shakabhai Badiyabhai Dangi, and Kikabhai Kaliyabhai Charpota (@ Pappu) are hereby acquitted of the offences charged against them under Sections 363, 366, 376, and 114 of the Indian Penal Code.
The muddamal rickshaw shall be released to accused Bhagwandas Udaram Sindhi. The remaining muddamal shall be destroyed after the expiry of the appeal period.
Each accused is directed to furnish a personal bond of ₹5,000/- and a solvent surety of the like amount, to ensure their appearance before the appellate court in the event an appeal is filed in the matter."
9. We have considered the impugned judgement,
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more particularly paras 15 to 18 of the impugned
judgement, documents produced on record, and
the evidence led by the respective parties. It
emerges that the competent Court in paragraph
nos.15 to 18 has considered the evidence in
detail and the same are finding of facts arrived at
by the competent Court, which upon perusal of
the evidence also require no interference by this
Court.
10. Considering the ratio laid down by the Hon'ble
Apex Court in the aforesaid judgement, the
principles of interference in an order of acquittal
as discussed above and the evidence as
discussed by us, no case is made out to interfere
with the impugned judgement and order passed
by the Additional Sessions Judge, Panchmahal at
Godhara, in Sessions Case No.148 of 1997 dated
02.07.1998.
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11. It is a cardinal principle of criminal
jurisprudence that in an acquittal appeal if other
view is possible, then also, the appellate Court
cannot substitute its own view by reversing the
acquittal into conviction, unless the findings of
the trial Court are perverse, contrary to the
material on record, palpably wrong, manifestly
erroneous or demonstrably unsustainable.
(Ramesh Babulal Doshi V. State of Gujarat
(1996) 9 SCC 225). In the instant case, the
learned APP has not been able to point out to us
as to how the findings recorded by the learned
trial Court are perverse, contrary to material on
record, palpably wrong, manifestly erroneous or
demonstrably unsustainable.
12. At this stage, it is absolutely apt to refer to the
decision in case of Bhupatbhai Bachubhai
Chavda and another reported in [2024] 4
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S.C.R. 322. Relevant paragraphs of the
judgement read as under:
"6. It is true that while deciding an appeal against acquittal, the Appellate Court has to reappreciate the evidence. After re- appreciating the evidence, the first question that needs to be answered by the Appellate Court is whether the view taken by the Trial Court was a plausible view that could have been taken based on evidence on record. Perusal of the impugned judgment of the High Court shows that this question has not been adverted to. Appellate Court can interfere with the order of acquittal only if it is satisfied after reappreciating the evidence that the only possible conclusion was that the guilt of the accused had been established beyond a reasonable doubt. The Appellate Court cannot overturn order of acquittal only on the ground that another view is possible. In other words, the judgment of acquittal must be found to be perverse. Unless the Appellate Court records such a finding, no interference can be made with the order of acquittal. The High Court has ignored the well-settled principle that an order of acquittal further strengthens the presumption of innocence of the 326 [2024] 4 S.C.R. Digital Supreme Court Reports accused. After having perused the judgment, we find that the High Court has not addressed itself on the main question.
7. The second error the High Court
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committed is found in paragraph 23 of the impugned judgment. The High Court has gone to the extent of recording a finding that the appellants have failed to adduce evidence in their support, failed to examine the defence witness and failed to establish falsity of the prosecution's version. This concept of the burden of proof is entirely wrong. Unless, under the relevant penal statute, there is a negative burden put on the accused or there is a reverse onus clause, the accused is not required to discharge any burden. In a case where there is a statutory presumption, after the prosecution discharges initial burden, the burden of rebuttal may shift on the accused. In the absence of the statutory provisions as above, in this case, the burden was on the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore, the High Court's finding on the burden of proof is completely erroneous. It is contrary to the law of the land.
8. We have carefully examined the evidence of the material prosecution witnesses. PW-1 Danabhai stated that after he was informed in the night around 9 O'clock about the assault on the deceased by one Vajsurbhai, he proceeded by his bicycle. He stated that when he reached Jhanjhmer, he found that his deceased brother was laid in a tempo of Ramabhai. He stated about the presence of Arjanbhai and Jivabhai. He stated that no one informed him about the incident at that time. He thereafter described how the deceased was taken to the hospital of Dr
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Goti and thereafter to a private hospital in Bhavnagar. PW-1 deposed that PW-4 Karshanbhai went with him to Bhavnagar, and in the hospital of Dr Rana, PW-4 informed PW-1 that the appellants had assaulted the deceased by using a stick. He stated that though PW-4 informed him that he was present at the time of the incident, he did not tell him about the assault on him by the accused. Thus, PW-1 did not state that PW-4 was present when he reached the place where he found that the deceased was laid in a tempo, and according to his version, PW-4 came to Bhavnagar. Though PW-4 stated that PW-1 came on a bicycle and came to Dhola with them, the version of PW-1 is that PW-4 joined him at Bhavnagar. This creates a doubt about the presence of PW-4 at the time of the incident. Importantly, one Vajsurbhai, who informed PW-1 about the assault on the deceased, has not been examined as a witness. [2024] 4 S.C.R. 327 Bhupatbhai Bachubhai Chavda & Anr. v. State of Gujarat
9. PW-4 admitted that there is an ongoing litigation about his family's land between the appellants and his family. PW-4 claimed that just before the fatal blow was inflicted on the deceased, a blow was given to the witness by pipe around 8 pm on the date of the incident. However, PW-5 Dr Jagadishbhai stated that when he examined PW-4 on 19th September 1996, the history given by PW-4 was to the effect that he was assaulted by a pipe on 18th September 1996 at 8.00 pm. The incident is of 17th
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September 1996. The High Court has completely brushed aside this statement of PW-5 by observing that once the police recorded statements of the Doctor and PW- 4, the statements of PW-4 and the Doctor before the Court became meaningless. As is apparent from Section 162 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), statements recorded by police under Section 161 of the CrPC cannot be used for any purpose except to contradict the witness. The Trial Court gives several reasons for discarding the testimony of PW-
4. His prior enmity with the appellants and his failure to report the incident to the police, notwithstanding available opportunities, are also the factors considered by the Trial Court.
10. Therefore, after having perused the evidence of the material prosecution witnesses, in our view, the finding of the Trial Court that the evidence of PW-4 did not inspire confidence is a possible finding which could have been recorded on the basis of the evidence on record. There was no reason for the High Court to overturn the order of acquittal when the findings of the Trial Court were possible findings that could be arrived at after reappreciating evidence.
11. Therefore, the appeal must succeed. We set aside the judgment and order dated 14th December 2018 of the High Court and set aside the conviction of the appellants. The judgment and order dated 5th July 1997 of the Trial Court is restored. The appeal is,
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accordingly, allowed. The bail bonds of the appellant no.2 are cancelled. The appellant no.1 shall be forthwith set at liberty unless he is required to be detained in connection with any other case."
13. Considering the ratio laid down by the Apex
Court in the aforesaid judgement and having
considered the judgement referred by the
competent Court, no case is made out to
interfere in the impugned order passed by the
Additional Sessions Judge, Panchmahals at
Godhara in Sessions Case No.148 of 1997.
14. Accordingly, the present appeal is dismissed. R
& P, if any called for, to be sent back to the
concerned Trial Court forthwith.
(VAIBHAVI D. NANAVATI,J)
(UTKARSH THAKORBHAI DESAI, J) ANKIT SHAH
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