Page No.# 1/13 vs M/S Woodsworth And Anr
2021 Latest Caselaw 2765 Gua

                                                                   Page No.# 1/13

GAHC010116952015




                              THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
   (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)

                                Case No. : CRP/204/2015

            M/S GAURIDUTT SAMPATLAL SOMANI HUF and ANR
            REP. BY ITS KARTA SRI KAMAL SOMANI, S/O LT. SAMPATMAL SOMANI,
            HAVING ITS OFFICE AND PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS AT T.R.
            PHUKAN ROAD, FANCY BAZAR, GHY-1

            2: KAMAL SOMANI
             S/O LT. SAMPATMAL SOMANI
             KARTA OF M/S. GAURIDUTT SAMPATLAL SOMANI HUF
             R/O T.R. PHUKAN ROAD
             NEAR MACHKHOWA
             P.O. GHY-

            VERSUS

            M/S WOODSWORTH and ANR.
            A PROP. FIRM, HAVING ITS OFFICE AND PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS
            AT B.R. PHUKAN ROAD, NEAR RAILWAY GATE NO.7, KUMARPARA, GHY-9,
            REP. BY ITS PROP. SRI BIJAY BHIMSARIA

            2:BIJAY BHIMSARIA
             S/O GORDHAN DAS BHIMSARIA
             PROP. OF M/S WOODSWORTH
             R/O KUMARPARA
             NEAR SHIV MANDIR
             GHY-

Advocate for the Petitioner   : MR.K R SURANA

Advocate for the Respondent : MR J C GAUR

Page No.# 2/13

BEFORE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DEVASHIS BARUAH

JUDGMENT & ORDER (ORAL) Date : 10-11-2021

Heard Mr. P.K. Khataniar, the learned counsel for the petitioners and Mr. JC Gaur, the

learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents.

2. This is a proceeding under Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

challenging the judgment dated 13/03/2015 passed by the Civil Judge No. 3, Kamrup(Metro),

Kamrup, Guwahati in Misc. Appeal No. 1/2014, whereby the judgment dated 22/11/2013

passed in Misc. (J) Case No. 569/2007 was set aside, thereby directing the Trial Court for

determination of the standard rent of the tenanted premises as per Section 2 (e) of the

Assam Urban Areas Rent Control Act, 1972.

3. The facts of the case, in brief, for the purpose of disposal of the instant proceeding are

that the petitioners, as plaintiff filed the suit seeking ejectment of the defendants (the

respondents herein) on the ground of default in payment of rent as well as on account of

bonafide requirement. It is the specific case of the petitioners in the suit that the petitioners

are the landlords of the suit premises and the defendants (the respondents herein) had been

paying rent in respect to the suit premises till the month of October, 2004 and since

November, 2004, the defendants had defaulted in making payment of rent, which was fixed

@Rs. 11,000/- per month. The allegations as regards the bonafide requirement as stated in

the plaint being not relevant to the present lis is not stated herein.

4. The respondents, who are the defendants in the suit filed their written statement. In

the written statement at paragraph 12, the respondents had categorically stated that with Page No.# 3/13

effect from 01/04/2004, the rent was increased to Rs. 11,000/- per month. It was further

stated that they have been regularly making payment of the rent @ Rs. 11,000/- till March,

2005 . However, when the respondents went to tender rent for the month of April, 2005 the

plaintiffs refused and demanded Rs. 15,000/- as rent w.e.f. the month of April, 2005 and

consequently, from the month of April 2005 the defendants had deposited the same in the

Court of Civil Judge, Senior Div. No. 1 at Guwahati in Misc. (N.J.) Case No. 3/2005. It has also

been averred that the defendants had been paying the rent subsequent thereto by depositing

the same before the Rent Deposit Court after first tendering the house rent for subsequent

months to the plaintiff and the refusal by the plaintiffs. The other statements and allegations

made in the written statement being not relevant are not mentioned herein.

5. Subsequent thereto, the respondents filed an application under Section 3 of the Assam

Urban Areas Rent Control Act, 1972 (for short 'the Act of 1972') for fixing the fair rent.

Objections were filed to the said application both on law as well as on facts. The Trial Court

vide an order dated 03/03/2009 dismissed the said application primarily on the ground that

the respondents having not objected to the increment of rent and having been paying the

same amount raise the issue of fixation of the fair rent in the proceedings.

6. An appeal being Misc. Appeal No. 7/2009 was preferred against the said order dated

30/03/2009 passed in Misc. (J) Case No. 569/2007, which was also dismissed. Thereupon a

revision application under Section 115 of the CPC was preferred against the order dated

23/11/2009 passed in Misc. Appeal No. 7/2009 before this Court on the ground that no

reasons were assigned and by a single sentence the appeal was dismissed without bothering

to discuss the materials available on record. This Court remitted back the matter before the

Appellate Court for adjudication on merits as well as also on the question of maintainability of Page No.# 4/13

the proceedings.

7. Upon being remanded back the matter to the First Appellate Court, the First Appellate

Court vide a judgment and order dated 19/05/2011 upheld the order dated 30/03/2009

holding inter alia that the fixation of fair rent of the petitioner is not maintainable in the suit

filed for eviction and recovery of arrear rent on the ground of defaulter. Again being

aggrieved by the said judgment and order dated 19/05/2011, the respondents herein filed an

application under Article 227 of the Constitution of India challenging the said order dated

19/05/2011 passed in Misc. Appeal No.7/2009. Vide an order dated 26/09/2012, this Court

set aside the orders dated 30/03/2009 passed in Misc. (J) Case No. 569/2007 and the

judgment dated 19/05/2011 passed in Misc. Appeal No. 7/2009 and directed the Trial Court to

decide the Misc. (J) Case No. 569/2007 in accordance with law. It is relevant however to take

note that this Court while setting aside the orders passed by the Courts below took into

consideration the concessions made by the counsels of both the parties.

8. Pursuant to the aforesaid order passed by this Court, the Trial Court vide an order

dated 22/11/2013 rejected the Misc(J) Case No. 569/2007 on the ground that the defendants

(the respondents herein) failed to prove its case, which would enable the Court in arriving at

the just decision of fixing fair/standard rent. It was also held that the rent was paid by the

respondents herein as per the verbal negotiation, as there was an oral contract existed

between the parties, the relief as sought for in the said application under Section 3 of the

Assam Urban Area Rent Control Act, 1972 was not maintainable. Being aggrieved by the

order dated 22/11/2013 passed in Misc. (J) Case No. 569/2007 arising out of Title Suit No.

708/2006, an appeal was preferred, which was registered and numbered as Misc. Appeal No.

1/2014. By the impugned judgment and order dated 13/03/2015 the Court below allowed the Page No.# 5/13

said appeal by setting aside the order dated 22/11/2013 passed in Misc. (J) Case No.

569/2007, thereby again remanding the matter to the Court below for determination of the

standard rent of the tenanted premises as per the formula provided in Section 2(e) of the Act

1972.

9. History of the application under Section 3 of the said Act of 1972 would go to show

that the proceedings as regards fixation of the fair rent has been swinging like a pendulum

from the Trial Court to the Appellate Court and then to the Revisional Court and back and

forth for the last 14 years and this peripheral proceedings have kept the Courts busy thereby

affecting the expeditious disposal of the suit inasmuch as the main suit which is a suit for

eviction of the tenant and filed in the year 2005 is still pending after a lapse of 16 years at

the stage of evidence. The impugned order assailed in the instant proceeding interferes with

the order of the Trial Court on two grounds--(i) that the contractual rate as agreed to

between the parties is not relevant for the purpose of fixation of standard rent/fair rent and

(ii) that the Trial Court erroneously imposed the burden of proof upon the applicant filing the

application seeking fixation of fair rent. As per the Appellate Court, it is for the Trial Court or

the authority entrusted with the duty to fix the fair rent to make necessary enquiries and fix

the fair rent. For deciding the legality and validity of the order impugned in the proceedings,

it would be relevant to take note of Sections 3 and 4 of the Assam Urban Areas Rent Control

Act, 1972( for short, the Act of 1972). The said Sections are quoted here-in-below:

"3. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and notwithstanding any contract to the contrary, no landlord shall be entitled to charge rent for any house at a figure higher than the standard rent.

(2) If at any time after five years from the date on which a house is in continuous occupation of a tenant, the market price of the land and estimated cost of construction of the house increases by more than twenty-five per cent on the Page No.# 6/13

basis of the value of land and cost of construction of the house on the date of preceding fixation of fair rent, then the landlord shall be entitled to have monthly rent; increased by an amount not exceeding one-twelfth of the seven and half per cent of the increase in the market price of land and cost of construction, on the date of preceding fixation of fair rent from the date as may be prescribed subject to a maximum of fifty per cent of the preceding standard rent : Provided that subsequently after lapse of every five years of the revision of fair rent, if the market price of land and the estimated cost of construction of house increases by more than twenty-five per cent on the basis of market value of land and the estimated cost of construction of house on the date of preceding revision of fair rent, then the landlord shall be entitled to have monthly rent increased by an amount not exceeding one-twelfth of the seven and half per cent of the additional increase in the market value of land and the estimated cost of construction of house on the date of preceding revision of fair rent, from the date as may be prescribed subject to a maximum of fifty per cent of the revised fair rent.

(3) If at any time after the standard rent is fixed under the provisions of the Act, any addition, improvement or alteration (not being repairs within the meaning of the provisions of Section 6) is effected at the landlord's expense which was not taken into consideration in fixing the standard rent, then the landlord shall be entitled to have the monthly rent increased by an amount not exceeding one- twelfth of seven and half per cent per annum of the cost of such addition, improvement or alteration with effect from the date on which the addition, improvement or alteration was completed.

(4) If at any time after the standard rent is fixed under the provision of the Act, there is a variation of tax by way of Municipal assessment of the building and under the Assam Urban Immovable Property Tax Act, 1969 (Assam Act XI of 1969), then the standard rent will be liable to be fixed taking the variation into account.

4. Procedure for determination of fair rent. - (1) If any dispute arises regarding the rent payable in respect of any house, it shall be determined by the Court.

(2) The Court shall on application made by either the landlord or the tenant issue notice on both the parties, and after making such enquiry as it thinks fit determine the monthly rent for the house in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 and the rent so determined shall be binding on both the parties. (3) Where the Court determines the monthly rent for any house under this Section, it shall do so for the house in the unfurnished state, but it may allow the landlord to charge an additional amount per month on account of the furniture supplied by him :

Provided that such additional amount shall not exceed one-twelfth of seven and half per cent of the cost of such furniture on the date on which the Court determines the monthly rent for the house.

Explanation. - Where according to the term of any arrangement by the landlord and the tenant, the rent is payable on a basis other than at a monthly or a yearly rate, the average monthly rent for such a house shall be calculated as thirty times the proportionate daily rent for the period in respect of which the arrangement is made."

Page No.# 7/13

10. A glance of Section 3 of the Act of 1972 would go to show that no landlord shall be

entitled to charge rent for any house at a figure higher than the standard rent. It further

postulates from a reading of sub-sections (2) and (3) of Section 3 of the said Act of 1972

that the landlord shall be entitled to have the monthly rent increased on happening of the

circumstances as enumerated in those sub-sections. Sub-section (4) of Section 3 of the said

Act of 1972 stipulates that if at any time after the standard rent is fixed under the provision

of the said Act of 1972, there is a variation of tax by way of Municipal assessment of the

building, then the standard rent shall be liable to be fixed taking the variation into account. In

short sub-sections (2), (3) and (4) of the Section 3 of the Act of 1972 stipulates the

parameters under which the landlord would be entitled to increase in the rent. Therefore, a

reading of Section 3 independently from Section 4 of the Act of 1972 may at the first glance

show that it is only the landlord, who can file such application seeking increase in the rent.

However, when the provisions of Section 4 of the Act of 1972 is looked into it would show

that an application can be filed either by the landlord or the tenant seeking determination of

the monthly rent for the house in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of the Act of

1972 and the rent so determined shall be binding on both the parties and this aspect of the

matter would be clear from a reading of Section 4(2) of the Act of 1972. It is however

relevant to note that the Court exercising the jurisdiction to adjudicate the fair rent/standard

rent can do so if and only if there arises a dispute as regards the rent and this can be seen

from a reading of Section 4(1) of the Act of 1972, whereby, it stipulates that in a case where

a dispute arises regarding rent payable in respect to any house, it shall be determined by the

Court in the proceeding as enumerated in Section 4 read with Section 3 of the Act of 1972. In Page No.# 8/13

other words, in absence of a dispute, the Court would have no power to exercise the

jurisdiction vested upon it.

11. The law as regards who can file an application seeking fixation of the fair rent, it is no

longer in dispute as could be seen from the judgment of the Constitution Bench of the

Supreme Court rendered in the case of Raval Co. Vs. K. G. Ramachandran reported in

(1974) 1 SCC 424, Vs. Dhanapal Chettiar Vs. Yesodai Ammal reported in (1979) 4

SCC 214 as well as the recent judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of N. Motilal &

Ors. Vs. Faisal Bin Ali reported in (2020) 13 SCC 667 and this aspect of the matter is

further clear from a reading of sub-section (2) of Section 4 of the Act of 1972 that both the

tenant and the landlord have the right to file an application for determination of the fair rent.

12. Taking into consideration the impugned order, the first question therefore, arises is the

question of burden of proof upon whom it lies to adduce evidence for the purpose of

determination of the fair rent. Is it the applicant, who seeks adjudication for determination of

the fair rent or is it the Court, which independently has to adjudicate the determination of the

fair rent by making necessary enquiries by itself. To answer the particular question a further

perusal of Section 4(2) would go to show that the Court independently does not have the

power to determine the fair rent. It can only do so on an application filed by the landlord or

the tenant and on the basis thereof the Court is required to make such enquiries as it thinks

fit for determining the monthly rent for the house in accordance with Section 3 of the Act of

1972. It is therefore, clear from the reading of Section 4(2) of the Act of 1972 that the Court

does not have an independent right to determine the fair rent unless and until the landlord or

the tenant files an application or for that matter, the Court under Section 4 of the Act of 1972

cannot exercise suo moto jurisdiction. It is the landlord or the tenant who has to approach Page No.# 9/13

when a dispute arises and that landlord or tenant can seek for a judgment in its favor as the

case may be.

13. It is well established by various judicial pronouncements that a proceedings under

Sections 3 and 4 of the Act of 1972 though may not be a suit, but is a proceeding

independent of a suit for eviction as contemplated under Section 5 of the Act of 1972 and in

other words the said proceedings for determination of the fair rent are required to be decided

independently of any other proceeding including a proceeding for eviction on the grounds as

enumerated in Section 5 of the Act of 1972. Therefore, the only conclusion that can be

arrived at is that the burden of proof in a proceeding under Sections 3 and 4 of the Act of

1972, lies upon the person, who files the application seeking determination of the fair rent. In

this regard reference may be drawn to Section 101 and 102 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

and the same are quoted here-in-below:-

"Section 101-- Burden of proof.--Whoever desires any Court to give judgment

as to any legal right or liability dependent on the existence of facts which he

asserts, must prove that those facts exist. When a person is bound to prove the

existence of any fact, it is said that the burden of proof lies on that person.

Section 102 --On whom burden of proof lies.--The burden of proof in a suit or

proceeding lies on that person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on

either side."

14. A conjoint reading of both the Sections quoted hereinabove would show that the

burden of proof, shall lie upon the person whoever desires the Court to give judgment as to

any legal right or liability on the existence of facts, which he asserts and he must prove that Page No.# 10/13

those facts exists. Section 102 makes it also explicitly clear that the burden of proof lies on

that person who would fail, if no evidence at all were given on either side. As already held

upon, that it is landlord or the tenant who upon the existence of a dispute can approach the

Court seeking adjudication of the fair rent and the burden is upon the person who

approaches to show that the rent should be increased or decreased as the case may be. It is

for the person who approaches the Court to prove what the fair rent/standard rent should be

on the basis of the materials he/she adduces as evidence. It is not the duty of the Court

adjudicating an application for determination of fair rent to take the trouble itself and make

enquiries, collect evidence on its own and thereupon adjudicate the said lis. In view of the

above, I am of the opinion, that the Appellate Court had completely erred in law in coming to

a finding that it is for the Court adjudicating the application for determining the fair rent to

make enquiries by itself and then make such adjudication. The use of the words 'to make

such enquiries as deemed fit' as envisaged in sub-section (2) of Section 4 is to be construed

as to make such enquiries upon the pleadings and evidence adduced by the parties and

thereupon to determine the monthly rent. If a party seeking determination of fair rent fails to

adduce evidence or for that matter, fails to adduce evidence sufficient enough to prove the

existence of the facts alleged in the application, I am of the opinion that it is not the duty of

the Court to make enquiries by itself and then determine the fair rent. Rather, the Court is

enjoined with the duty to make enquiries on the basis of the materials on records which is the

pleadings of the parties and the evidence led by the parties.

15. The 2nd question which arises in the instant proceedings in view of the interference by

the Appellate Court to the impugned order passed by the Trial Court is as to whether the

agreement to tender rent at the contractual rate without any objection would have any Page No.# 11/13

relevance for the purpose of determination of the fair rent, inasmuch as, the Appellate Court

held in the impugned judgment that it was obligatory on the part of the Court to fix the

standard rent without being influenced by the contractual agreement between the parties to

pay a particular rent. The said proposition of law declared in the impugned judgment has to

be looked into on the basis of Section 4(1) of the Act of 1972, which empowers the Court to

adjudicate the monthly rent when a dispute arises. I am of the opinion that to find out as to

whether a dispute arise, the principles of waiver, estoppel as well as acquiescence are

necessity to be looked into as the said principles are relevant in any form of litigation. If the

parties concerned had duly agreed upon a particular rent and thereafter the parties had been

acting upon the said agreement and paying the rent, the question of raising a dispute as

regards the adjudication of the fair rent can arise only when a dispute is raised that the rent

so fixed is excessive in the case of a tenant or the rent is very nominal in the case of a

landlord. The question therefore arises that if a tenant continues to make payment without

raising any dispute and thereupon after refusal of the landlord to accept the rent, he

voluntarily deposits the rent before the Rent Deposit Court without raising an objection and

thereafter when a suit is filed for eviction of a tenant for being a defaulter in payment of rent,

can the tenant thereafter file an application for fixation of rent. In my opinion, such

application on ground of well established principles of law would not be maintainable,

inasmuch as, there is no "dispute" within the meaning of Section 4(1) of the Act of 1972

which gives the initial jurisdiction to the Court to determine the rent payable. It is however,

observed that if the applicant is able to show that under duress it had agreed to pay the

enhanced rent, then it may result in a dispute thereby giving jurisdiction to the Court to

adjudicate and determine the rent payable.

Page No.# 12/13

16. In the backdrop of the above principles of law stated, let me look into the facts of the

case. The admitted case of the parties herein as could be seen from a perusal of the plaint

and the written statement in the suit filed for eviction is that since 1/4/2004, the rent payable

was Rs. 11,000/- per month. The case of the plaintiff/petitioner herein in the suit is since the

month of November, 2004, the Defendants/Respondents herein failed to make payment of the

rent and as such, the Defendants/Respondents herein are defaulters in payment of rent and

liable to be evicted. The case of the Defendants/Respondents in the written statement is that

the rent w.e.f. 1/4/2014 was increased to Rs.11,000/- and thereafter, the

Defendants/Respondents continued to make payment of the rent to the Plaintiff till March,

2005 at the rate of Rs. 11,000/- per month and when the plaintiffs refused to accept the rent

@Rs. 11,000//- per month and demanded Rs. 15,000/- per month, the Defendants have been

regularly depositing the rent to the Court @ Rs. 11,000/- per month. However, the materials

on record further show that the Plaintiffs claims that they have not demanded rent @

15,000/- per month and filed the suit for eviction on the basis of non-payment of the rent @

Rs. 11,000/- per month. Had the Plaintiffs stated that they want Rs. 15,000/- per month as

rent, then obviously a dispute would have arisen thereby giving the Court the power to

adjudicate the monthly rent payable. But that is not the case. A perusal of the application

filed by the Defendants/Respondents for adjudication of the monthly rent shows that the said

application was filed in respect to Rs.11,000/- and in respect to which the

Defendants/Respondents had no problem with it as would be seen from the written

statement filed in the suit. The principles of waiver as well as the principles of estoppels

would be squarely applicable in the instant case and consequently there being no dispute, the

Court shall have no jurisdiction to adjudicate the monthly rent. I have also perused the Page No.# 13/13

application seeking adjudication of the rent as well as the evidence led and the

Defendants/Respondents were quite happy to pay rent @ Rs. 11,000/- per month as would

be seen from the written statement filed by the Defendants/Respondents in the T.S. No.

192/2005 renumbered as T.S. No. 708/2006 and the question of duress or coercion does not

arise. Consequently, there being no dispute, the Court below had no jurisdiction to

decide/adjudicate the monthly rent in terms with Section 4 of the Act of 1972 in the facts of

the case.

17. In view of the above, impugned judgment dated 13/03/2015 passed by the Civil Judge

No. 3, Kamrup(Metro), Kamrup, Guwahati in Misc. Appeal No. 1/2014 is set aside and

quashed.

18. The petition stands allowed. No costs.

JUDGE

Comparing Assistant