Sandeep Chhabra & Ors vs State (Govt Of Nct Of Delhi) & Anr
2014 Latest Caselaw 6528 Del

$~57
*    IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+    CRL.M.C. 5562/2014

      SANDEEP CHHABRA & ORS                    ..... Petitioners
                  Through: Mr. Ravin Rao, Advocates with
                           petitioners in person

                          versus

      STATE (GOVT OF NCT OF DELHI) & ANR          ..... Respondents
                    Through: Mr. Amit Ahlawat, APP for State
                               with W/Insp. Sanjita, DIU, NWD
                               (PS Keshav Puram)
                               R-2/complainant in person
      CORAM:
      HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUDERSHAN KUMAR MISRA
                    ORDER

      %             08.12.2014

CRL.M.A. 19008/2014

Exemption, as prayed for, is allowed, subject to all just exceptions. The application stands disposed off.

CRL.M.C. 5562/2014

1. This petition has been filed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 seeking quashing of FIR No. 169/2013 registered under Section 406/498A IPC at Police Station Keshav Puram on 15.06.2013 on the ground that the matter has been settled between the parties.

2. Issue notice.

3. Counsel for the State enters appearance and accepts notice. The complainant is present in Court today. She is also identified by the Investigating Officer, W/Insp. Sanjita, DIU, North West District (PS Keshav Puram).

4. It is stated that the aforesaid FIR came to be lodged as a result of certain matrimonial and domestic disputes that had arisen between the parties consequent upon the complainant's marriage to the first petitioner, Sandeep Chhabra, on 15.03.1994.

5. In addition, the complainant also instituted a Civil Suit bearing No.CS(OS) No. 1574/2009 titled Monica Gupta & Anr. vs. Sandeep Chhabra. A complaint under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act being complaint No. 411/6/2009 was also instituted by her. On the other hand, the petitioners had also instituted a number of proceedings against the complainant. Ultimately, it appears that both sides realised the futility in continuing with multiple proceedings against each other and decided to resolve all their disputes in terms of a compromise deed dated 20.11.2013. A copy of the said compromise deed has also been annexed with this petition. The particulars of all the pending proceedings against each other have been duly set down in that deed.

6. It is stated that as agreed, the complainant, as well as the first petitioner, Sandeep Chhabra, had jointly moved the matrimonial court seeking dissolution of their marriage by a decree of divorce by mutual consent, and ultimately on 4.12.2014, the marriage of the parties stood dissolved by a decree of divorce passed under Section 13B(2) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 in HMA No. 1492/2014. A copy of the joint statement of both the parties also setting down the fact that they have resolved their disputes in terms of the aforesaid compromise deed dated 20.11.2013 praying that their petition be allowed has also been handed over by counsel for the petitioner at the Bar. The same is taken on record. It is further stated that all pending proceedings between the parties have since been withdrawn.

7. The first petitioner, Sandeep Chhabra, specifically approbates the aforesaid settlement and the fact that the parties stand divorced by mutual

consent and once again expresses his intention to remain bound by all the terms of the settlement and the actions taken thereunder by both parties.

8. The complainant approbates the aforesaid settlement and affirms the same, and states that all their disputes have been duly settled finally, and that she has no further claims from the petitioners. She further states that she is no longer interested in pursing the matter any further and that the same be closed.

9. Counsel for the State submits that looking to the overall circumstances, where the matter appears to have arisen primarily out of matrimonial and domestic differences between the parties, which have been duly settled on terms, and the complainant is no longer interested in pursuing the complaint, no useful purpose would be served in continuing with the matter.

10. Looking to the decision of the Supreme Court in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab, (2012) 10 SCC 303, which has referred to a number of matters for the proposition that even a non-compoundable offence can also be quashed on the basis of a settlement between the offender and the victim, if the circumstances so warrant; by observing as under:

"58. ....However, certain offences which overwhelmingly and predominantly bear civil flavour having arisen out of civil, mercantile, commercial, financial, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony, particularly relating to dowry, etc. or the family dispute, where the wrong is basically to the victim and the offender and the victim have settled all disputes between them amicably, irrespective of the fact that such offences have not been made compoundable, the High Court may within the framework of its inherent power, quash the criminal proceeding or criminal complaint or FIR if it is satisfied that on the face of such settlement,

there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated."

And also in Narinder Singh and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anr.

2014(2) Crimes 67 (SC) where the Supreme Court held as follows:-

"29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:

29.1 Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

29.2 When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:

(i) ends of justice, or

(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any Court. While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives. 29.3 Such a power is not be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and

have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by Public Servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender. 29.4 On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and pre-dominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves. 29.5 While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.

29.6 Offences under Section 307 Indian Penal Code would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore is to be generally treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 Indian Penal Code in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307Indian Penal Code is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to proving the charge under Section 307 Indian Penal Code. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delegate parts of the body, nature of weapons used etc. Medical report in respect of injuries suffered by the victim can generally be the guiding factor. On the basis of this prima facie analysis, the High Court can examine as to whether there is a strong possibility of conviction or the chances of conviction are remote and bleak. In the former case it can

refuse to accept the settlement and quash the criminal proceedings whereas in the later case it would be permissible for the High Court to accept the plea compounding the offence based on complete settlement between the parties. At this stage, the Court can also be swayed by the fact that the settlement between the parties is going to result in harmony between them which may improve their future relationship.

29.7 While deciding whether to exercise its power under Section 482 of the Code or not, timings of settlement play a crucial role. Those cases where the settlement is arrived at immediately after the alleged commission of offence and the matter is still under investigation, the High Court may be liberal in accepting the settlement to quash the criminal proceedings/investigation. It is because of the reason that at this stage the investigation is still on and even the charge sheet has not been filed. Likewise, those cases where the charge is framed but the evidence is yet to start or the evidence is still at infancy stage, the High Court can show benevolence in exercising its powers favourably, but after prima facie assessment of the circumstances/material mentioned above. On the other hand, where the prosecution evidence is almost complete or after the conclusion of the evidence the matter is at the stage of argument, normally the High Court should refrain from exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code, as in such cases the trial court would be in a position to decide the case finally on merits and to come a conclusion as to whether the offence under Section 307 Indian Penal Code is committed or not. Similarly, in those cases where the conviction is already recorded by the trial court and the matter is at the appellate stage before the High Court, mere compromise between the parties would not be a ground to accept the same resulting in acquittal of the offender who has already been convicted by the trial court. Here charge is proved under Section 307 Indian Penal Code and conviction is already recorded of a heinous crime and,

therefore, there is no question of sparing a convict found guilty of such a crime."

And specifically in respect of matrimonial disputes in Jitendra Raghuvanshi & Ors. v. Babita Raghuvanshi & Anr. (2013) 4 SCC 58, where the Supreme Court held as follows:-

"15. In our view, it is the duty of the courts to encourage genuine settlements of matrimonial disputes, particularly, when the same are on considerable increase. Even if the offences are non-compoundable, if they relate to matrimonial disputes and the Court is satisfied that the parties have settled the same amicably and without any pressure, we hold that for the purpose of securing ends of justice, Section 320 of the Code would not be a bar to the exercise of power of quashing of FIR, complaint or the subsequent criminal proceedings.

16. There has been an outburst of matrimonial disputes in recent times. They institution of marriage occupies an important place and it has an important role to play in the society. Therefore, every effort should be made in the interest of the individuals in order to enable them to settle down in life and live peacefully. If the parties ponder over their defaults and terminate their disputes amicably by mutual agreement instead of fighting it out in a court of law, in order to do complete justice in the matrimonial matters, the courts should be less hesitant in exercising their extraordinary jurisdiction. It is trite to state that the power under Section 482 should be exercised sparingly and with circumspection only when the Court is convinced, on the basis of material on record, that allowing the proceedings to continue would be an abuse of process of court or that the ends of justice require that the proceedings ought to be quashed...."

I am of the considered opinion that the matter deserves to be given a quietus at this stage itself since the parties have resolved all their

outstanding disputes on terms which has resulted in the closure of a number of litigations which the parties had launched against each other in what was primarily a matrimonial and domestic dispute; and where the complainant is no longer interested in supporting the investigation.

11. Consequently, the petition is allowed and the FIR No. 169/2013 registered under Section 406/498A IPC at Police Station Keshav Puram, and all the proceedings emanating therefrom, are hereby quashed.

12. The petition stands disposed off.

SUDERSHAN KUMAR MISRA, J.

DECEMBER 08, 2014 rd