Citation : 2010 Latest Caselaw 5637 Del
Judgement Date : 10 December, 2010
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* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ MAC.APP. 364/2004 and CM No.10393/2004
NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD. ..... Appellant
Through: Mr. Sumeet Kaul, Advocate.
versus
SMT. AKHILESH AND ORS. ..... Respondents
Through: None.
% Date of Decision : December 10, 2010
CORAM:
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE REVA KHETRAPAL
1. Whether reporters of local papers may be allowed
to see the judgment?
2. To be referred to the Reporter or not?
3. Whether judgment should be reported in Digest?
J U D G M E N T
: REVA KHETRAPAL, J.
This appeal is directed against the judgment of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal dated 9th August, 2003 awarding a sum of ` 5,90,000/- with interest @ 9% p.a. from the date of the filing of the petition till realization in favour of the respondents no.1 to 6 herein being the legal representatives of the deceased Balbir Singh.
2. The facts briefly delineated are that one Balbir Singh (hereinafter referred to as the deceased) was hit by a truck bearing no. DL-1G-2510 from behind while he was crossing the road near the Petrol Pump, Tibia College, Delhi. He succumbed to the injuries sustained by him and a claim petition was filed by his widow, the respondent no.1 herein, on behalf of herself, her three minor children and the parents of the deceased. As stated hereinabove, in the aforesaid claim petition, the Tribunal awarded compensation in the sum of ` 5,90,000/- with interest thereon to the respondents 1 to 6 herein. Aggrieved by the aforesaid award, the present appeal was preferred by the appellant Insurance Company wherein the following order was passed on 20th August, 2004:
Counsel for the appellant submits that the licence of the driver of the offending vehicle was fake and, therefore, the Insurance Co. would have a right to recover the amount deposited by it from the driver and the owner. Issue notice to the other side confined to this question only, returnable on 10th January, 2005.
3. Service of notice of the filing of the appeal was effected on the respondents no.1 to 7 but the said respondents did not appear to contest the appeal.
4. The sole ground urged by the learned counsel for the appellant in the present appeal is that the Tribunal erred in fastening the liability on the appellant despite the fact that the appellant had duly proved that the driving licence of the driver of the insured vehicle was a fake one by summoning the witness from the licensing authority along with the relevant records. The respondent no.7, having committed breach of the conditions of the insurance policy, the appellant was entitled to be exonerated from making the payment of compensation awarded by the Tribunal to the respondents no.1 to 6 and at any rate was entitled to recover the said amount from the insured (the respondent no.7 herein).
5. A perusal of the award shows that the learned Tribunal while discussing the prayer of the appellant that it be given the right to recover the award amount as the driver was driving the vehicle with a fake licence, held as under:
It is proved from the statement of RW-2 Licencing Clerk from Solan Authority, Himachal Pradesh that driving licence in question was never issued by them. But now the question is whether once it is proved that driver was driving the vehicle with forged licence, the insurance company should be given right to recover the award amount from the owner? Answer is in negative. Reliance is placed on United Indian Insurance Company Ltd. vs. Lehru & Ors. 11(2003) SLT 516. The relevant portion of para-17 of the judgment is reproduced as under: -
When an owner is hiring a driver he will therefore have to check whether the driver has a driving licence. If the driver produces a driving licence which on the face of it looks genuine, the owner is not expected to find out whether the licence has in fact been issued by a Competent Authority or not. The owner would then take the test of the driver. If he finds that the driver is competent to drive the vehicle, he will hire the driver. We find it rather strange that Insurance Companies expect owners to make enquiries with RTOs, which are spread all over the country, whether the driving licence shown to them is valid or not. Thus where the owner has satisfied himself that the driver has a licence and is driving competently there would be no breach of Section 149(2)(a)(ii).
14. In this case, owner of the vehicle was examined by the Insurance Company as R3W1 and he stated in his cross-examination that when he employed respondent no.1 as driver, he has satisfied himself that he is having driving licence. If subsequently, driving licence is found to be fake, obviously the owner cannot be made liable to pay the award amount because it is not expected from the owner to go and find out whether driving licence was issued by a competent authority or not as already held by the Honble Supreme Court in case of United India Insurance Co. Ltd. vs. Lehru & others (supra).
6. Thus, in the case of United India Insurance Co. Ltd. vs. Lehru and Ors. reported in (2003) 3 SCC 338 relied upon by the learned Tribunal, it was held that the insured when he hires a driver will have to check whether the driver has a driving licence. If the driver produces a driving licence which on the face of it looks genuine, it is not expected of the insured to make enquiries with the RTOs spread all over the country whether the driving licence shown to them was valid or not. Thus, where the owner has satisfied himself that the driver has a licence and is driving competently, there would be no breach of Section 149 (2) (a) (ii). The contention of the learned counsel for the appellant, however, is that Lehrus case (supra) has been wrongly relied upon by the Tribunal as the facts were clearly distinguishable.
7. It may be mentioned at this juncture that Lehrus case (supra) was noticed in greater detail by a three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in the case of National Insurance Company Ltd. vs. Swaran Singh (2004) 3 SCC 297 wherein it was held:
92. It may be true as has been contended on behalf of the petitioner that a fake or forged licence is as good as no licence but the question herein, as noticed hereinbefore, is whether the insurer must prove that the owner was guilty of the wilful breach of the conditions of the insurance policy or the contract of insurance. In Lehru case the matter has been considered in some detail. We are in general agreement with the approach of the Bench but we intend to point out that the observations made therein must be understood to have been made in the light of the requirements of the law in terms whereof the insurer is to establish wilful breach on the part of the insured and not for the purpose of its disentitlement from raising any defence or for the owners to be absolved from any liability whatsoever.
8. In a recent judgment rendered by the Honble Supreme Court in National Insurance Company Ltd. vs. Geeta Bhat (2008) 12 SCC 426, the Supreme Court after considering the case of Lehru (supra) and Swaran Singh (supra) held that only because the licence is fake, the same having regard to the settled legal position would not absolve the insurer to reimburse the owner of the vehicle in respect of the amount awarded in favour of the third party by the Tribunal in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 166 of the Act. After holding this, the court proceeded to opine that the interest of justice would be served if the appellant was directed to pay the award amount in favour of the claimants with liberty to recover the same from the owner and driver of the vehicle in appropriate proceedings in accordance with law.
9. In the present case, indubitably the driving licence was a fake one and this fact was proved on record by the appellant. Indubitably also the breach of condition of driving licence is a statutory breach as stipulated in Section 149(2)(a)(ii) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. It is settled law that such a breach is a valid defence for the insurance company to be exonerated from meeting the claims of third parties who suffer on account of vehicular accidents. Such a defence however can be of no avail to the insurance company where it is not proved on record that the breach on the part of the insured was not a wilful one.
10. Thus, the position which clearly emerges is that merely because the licence is a fake one, the insurer cannot be absolved of its liability to reimburse the owner of the vehicle in respect of the amount awarded in favour of the third party by the Tribunal in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 166 of the Act. This being so, the appellant cannot be exonerated from its duty to pay compensation to the respondents no.1 to 6. Relying upon the decision of the Apex court in the case of Geeta Bhat (supra) it is, however, held that the interest of justice would be served if the appellant is directed to pay the award amount in favour of the claimants with liberty to recover the same from the owner and driver of the vehicle in appropriate proceedings in accordance with law.
11. Before parting with the case it may be noted that reliance was placed by the learned counsel for the appellant on the judgment of the Supreme Court rendered in United India Insurance Co. Ltd. vs. Rajendra Singh and Ors. reported as (2000)3 SCC 581 wherein the following observations were made:
3. Fraud and justice never dwell together." (Fraus et jus nunquam cohabitant) is a pristine maxim which has never lost its temper over all these centuries. Lord Denning observed in a language without equivocation that "no judgment of a Court, no order of a Minister can be allowed to stand if it has been obtained by fraud, for, fraud unravels everything" (Lazarus Estates Ltd. v. Beasley 1956 (1) QB 702)
4. For a High Court in India to say that it has no power even to consider the contention that the awards secured are the by-products of stark fraud played on a Tribunal, the plenary power conferred on the High Court by the Constitution may become a mirage and people's faith in the efficacy of the High Courts would corrode. We would have appreciated if the Tribunal or at least the High Court had considered the plea and found them unsustainable on merits, if they are meritless. But when the Courts preempted the Insurance Company by slamming the doors against them, this Court has to step in and salvage the situation.
12. This Court is unable to see how the aforesaid observations made by the Honble Supreme Court can come to the aid of the insurance company in the instant case. The case of Rajendra Singh (supra) related to a fake claim entertained by the Courts to the prejudice of the insurance company, whereas in this it is the driving licence which is fake and it is not the case of the appellant that the claim is fake. The facts are thus clearly distinguishable.
13. Resultantly the respondents no.1 to 6 shall be entitled to withdraw the awarded amount lying deposited in this Court. Liberty is, however, given to the appellant Insurance Company to recover the same from the driver of the offending vehicle and the insured-respondent no.7.
14. The appeal is allowed to the above extent.
REVA KHETRAPAL (JUDGE) December 10, 2010 sk ?
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