[Cites 15, Cited by 0]

Bombay High Court

State Of Maha vs Nandkumar Maruti Chavan And Ors on 21 January, 2026

2026:BHC-AUG:2430-DB
                                                                      CriAppeal302-03



                       IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                                  BENCH AT AURANGABAD

                              CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 302 OF 2003

                   The State of Maharashtra                     ... Appellant
                   Through Virgaon Police Station,                  (Ori.
                   Tq. Vaijapur, Dist. Aurangabad                   Complainant)

                   VERSUS

             1.    Nandkumar s/o Maruti Chavan
                   Age 29 years, Occu: Nil
                   R/o Bhagur Tq. Vaijapur
                   Dist. Aurangabad

             2.    Vijay s/o Maruti Chavan                      ... Respondents
                   Age 30 years, Occu: Agri.                        (Orig. Accused)
                   R/o As above
             3.    Sunanda s/o Vijay Chavan
                   Age 25 years, Occu: Agril.
                   R/o As above
             4.    Parigabai w/o Chandrabhan Mohite,
                   Age 35 years, Occu: Household
                   R/o Ayodhyanagar, Aurangabad

             5.    Sunil s/o Parshuram Avhale,
                   AGe 28 years, Occu: Service
                   R/o As above

             Mr. S. P. Sonpawale, Addl. PP for the Appellant-State
             Mr. Niesh S. Ghanekar, Advocate for the Respondents-accused


                       CORAM                   :   SANDIPKUMAR C. MORE &
                                                   Y. G. KHOBRAGADE, JJ.
                       RESERVED ON             :   02.12.2025
                       PRONOUNCED ON : 21.01.2026

             JUDGMENT (Per: Y. G. Khobragade, J.)

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1. By the present appeal under Section 378(1) of the Criminal

Procedure Code, the prosecution takes exception to the judgment and

order dated 10.01.2003 passed by the learned Adhoc Additional Sessions

Judge, Aurangabad, in Sessions Case No. 224 of 2000, whereby, the

respondents/accused are acquitted for the offences punishable under

sections 498-A and 304-B read with section 34 of the Indian Penal Code

in connection with Crime No. 16/2000, registered with Virgaon Police

Station, Tq. Vaijapur District Aurangabad.

2. Heard Mr. S. P. Sonpawale, learned Addl. P.P. for the

appellant/State, and Mr. Nilesh Ghanekar, learned counsel for the

respondents/accused.

3. It is the case of the prosecution that, on 20.05.2000, a report

was received by the Virgaon Police Station regarding MLC No.

7462/VMK/ 20-5-2000/12.00, that accused No. 2 Vijay Maruti Chavan,

r/o Bhagur, Tq. Vaijapur brought the injured Savita Nankumar Chavan

under unconscious state in accident ward of Ghati hospital informing

that said patient consumed poison. However, at about 12.20 p.m., on

examination by the Casualty Medical Officer, the patient was declared

dead. Accordingly, the ASI Shri. Musle attached with the Ghati Outpost

passed an information about accidental death of the patient. Accordingly

accidental death entry No. 15/2000 was registered and the Head

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Constable Shri Sopan Nikam was directed to conduct the investigation.

The said Head Constable then visited the Vasti of Chavan at village

Bhagur and drawn spot Panchanama and seized one insecticide poison

box under seizure panchanama. On 21.05.2000, Zero Crime was

registered with CIDCO police station and it was then transferred to

Virgaon police station, on the basis of which Crime No.16/2000 was

registered.

4. Thereafter, the informant Shivaji Madhavrao Kankale, father of

deceased Sivata, lodged a report on 20.05.2000 with CIDCO Police

Station alleging that, on 08.05.1999, marriage of his daughter Savita was

solemnized with accused No.1 Nandkumar Maruti Chavan and after

marriage, his daughter Savita was visiting at her parental house and was

telling that her husband-accused no.1 was demanding Rs.50,000/- for

securing employment and said amount was out of dowry dues. The

informant further alleged that accused no.1- husband of his deceased

daughter, accused No.2 Vijay Maruti Chavan- brother in law of deceased,

Accused No.3 Sunanda -wife of Vijay Chavan, accused No.4 Parigabai

sister-in-law of deceased and accused No.5 Sunil- maternal uncle of the

accused nos.1 and 2 were pressuring the deceased Savita to bring money

from her father to secure job of teacher for accused No.1 and on that

count, she was being harassed. It is further alleged that during the period

from 16.04.2000 to 18.04.2000, his daughter Savita had visited his house

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to appear for examination and at that time she disclosed him that on

14.04.2000, her husband/accused no.1, her brother-in-law/accused No.2

abused her and beaten by saying that, though one year had been passed,

but neither remaining amount of dowry has been paid nor job was

secured for accused no.1. At that time, the complainant told his daughter

that in July, new post would be created and by making efforts, job would

secured and payment also would be made. Thereafter his daughter

Savita was sent back with her mother-in-law on 20.04.2000.

5. On 09.05.2000, the accused No.2 Vijay, accused No.1 Nandu,

accused No.4 Parigabai and accused No.5 Sunil Avhale had demanded

money from him at the time of land transaction at Gangapur by saying

that so many days have been lapsed and they are in need of money for

registration of sale deed. At that time, he (Informant) promised to pay

the same in future. However, on 19.05.2000, Shri Deepak, the son of

accused No.4 visited at his house and informed him that, he has been

called to the house of accused No.4 Smt. Parigabai. Therefore, he visited

house of accused No.4 Parigabai. At that time the Accused no. 4 told him

that accused No.1 Nandu gone to Vaijapur for job and amount required

to be deposited. Therefore, he (Informant) promised to make payment

and left house of accused no.4, however, he came to know that, on

20.05.2000, accused No.4 Parigabai had gone to Bhagur and he was

informed by the person working in the Depot to visit Aurangabad

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immediately saying that his daughter is serious. Therefore, he

immediately visited Ghati Hospital at Aurangabad, where all the

relatives had gathered. Thereafter, he asked his son-in-law accused no.1

about the health of his daughter. Initially, the accused no.1 did not say

anything but later on he disclosed that he did bad thing and was

weeping, however, his another brother told him that, his daughter Savita

died and her body lying in mortuary. After he saw the dead body of his

daughter, he noticed while oozing blackish blood from nose, mouth and

injuries on left leg, right knee, marks of beating on back and smell was

emitting from her mouth and he was handed over dead body his druther

after conducting the postmortem.

6. The complainant further alleged that all the accused persons,

who are close relatives of his son-in-law/accused no.1, had demanded

amount of Rs.50,000/- and due to non fulfillment of the said illegal

demand, they harassed the deceased and administered poison and

committed her murder. On the basis of said complaint, a Crime No. 16

of 2000 came to be registered against the accused persons for the

offences punishable under section 302, 498-A read with Section 34 of the

Indian Penal Code.

7. The PSI Baburao Kanje carried out investigation and recorded

statements of witnesses and arrested the accused persons. He sent viscera

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for chemical examination to the Chemical Analyzer, including poison box

and drawn sketch map of the spot of incident, however, due to his

transfer, further investigation handed over to PSI Shri Patil.

8. On due completion of investigation, charge-sheet was filed

against the accused on 10.16.2000 before the learned Judicial Magistrate

and on compliance of section 209 of Cri. P. C., trial was committed to the

Sessions Court at Aurangabad.

9. On 03.09.2000, the learned 3rd Adhoc Additional Sessions

Judge framed charges at Exh.6 against the accused for the offences

punishable under sections 498-A, 304-B read with Section 34 of the

Indian Penal Code. But no charge was framed under section 302 IPC. The

accused pleaded not guilty and claimed for trial.

10. In order to bring home guilt of the accused, the

prosecution examined following witnesses:

 PW No.                   Names of witness                       Exh. No.
PW1       Shivaji Madhavrao Kankale-informant                    Exh.14
PW-2      Ramesh Shankar Admane                                  Exh.16
PW-3      Arjunkumar Shivajirao Pankade                          Exh.18
PW4       Mangalabai Shivajirao Pankade                          Exh.19
PW5       Bhanudas Rambhau Khandare                              Exh. 21
PW6       Sopan Dattatraya Nikam,                                Exh. 24
PW7       Dr. Varsha Madhukar Kalyankar                          Exh.26
PW8       Baburao Kondiram Kanje, PSI                            Exh. 29
PW9       Dr. Bhushan Vilasrao Jain                              Exh.37


                                                         CriAppeal302-03

11. Besides the oral evidence, the prosecution proved following

documentary evidence:

Sr.   Documentary Evidence                              Exhibit No.
No.
1     Report/FIR                                        Exh. 15
2     Spot Panchanama                                   Exh. 17
3     Inquest Panchanama                                Exh. 22
4     MLC Report                                        Exh. 25
5     Request letter dated     25.05.2020    issued   to Exh.30
      Chemical Analyzer
6     Sketch map                                        Exh. 31
7     C.A. Reports                                      Exh.32, Exh.33
8.    Postmortem Report                                 Exh.38
9.    Opinion of Medical Officer        about   injuries Exh.40
      sustained to the deceased

After the evidence is over, statements of the accused were

recorded under section 313 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

12. On 10.01.2003, the learned trial Court passed the impugned

order and acquitted the respondents/accused for the offences punishable

under Sections 498-A and 304-B read with section 34 of the Indian Penal

Code in Crime No.16 of 2000.

13. Learned APP canvassed that, the Respondent/accused No.1 is

the husband of deceased, accused No.2 Vijay Maruti Chavan is brother

in law of deceased, accused No.3 Sunanda is wife of Vijay Chavan

(accused no.2), accused No.4 Parigabai is real sister-in-law of deceased

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and accused No.5 Sunil is maternal uncle of the accused nos.1 and 2. The

marriage between deceased Savita and Accused no. 1 was solemnized on

08.05.1999. After marriage, the deceased Savita cohabited with her

husband accused no. 1 at her matrimonial house. At the time of fixing

marriage terms, an amount of Rs.1,50,000/- was agreed to be paid, but

the informant only paid Rs. One lakh to the accused and Rs.50,000/-

remained to be paid and for demand of said remaining amount, the

deceased was mentally and physically tortured and said fact was

disclosed by the deceased to the complainant and her mother PW-4,

when the deceased visited her parental house to appear for BA

examination but at that time, the informant had assured to make

payment of the remaining amount and he would arrange funds for

securing a job for his daughter's husband. i.e. accused No.1.

14. Learned APP invited our attention to the examination-in-chief

of PW-1 informant wherein, he deposed that, on 16.04.2000, his

daughter Savita had visited his house for the purpose of appearing for

B.A. examination and at that time she disclosed about increase of

harassment at the hands of accused and there is danger to her life, hence,

she was requested him to arrange a job for her husband. Thereafter,

again the daughter of complainant visited his house for attending one

marriage and at that time his daughter was weeping and was not willing

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to go at her matrimonial house. Therefore it proves that, on account of

demand of dowry the deceased was subjected cruelty.

15. Learned APP further canvassed that as per the evidence of PW1,

on 30.04.2000, Maruti, father-in-law of his daughter had visited him and

disclosed that he has purchased a land and registration of sale deed is to

be executed on 01.05.2000 and asked him to be present on that day.

Accordingly, the complainant went to Gangapur on 01.05.2000 but on

that day, no document was registered and on the next day, accused No.2

Vijay, accused No.4 Parigabai, accused No. 3 Sunanda were present for

registration of sale deed and at that time the accused demanded

remaining Rs.50,000/- out of total dowry amount but due to non

fulfillment of said demand of dowry, all the accused persons administered

poison to the deceased, due to which informant's married daughter died.

16. It is further canvassed that as per the postmortem report Exh.

38, the cause of death of deceased is shown due to poisoning, however,

the learned trial court wrongly recorded findings and acquitted the

accused, therefore, prayed to quash and set aside the impugned judgment

and order.

17. The learned APP further canvassed that marriage of deceased was

solemnized with accused No.1 on 08.05.1999 and the deceased Savita

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died on 20.05.2000 due to administration of poison within one year from

the date of marriage, therefore, there is presumption under Section 113-

B of the Evidence Act that, due to harassment on account of non-

fulfillment of such demand, the deceased committed suicide.

18. In support of this submissions, the learned APP placed

reliance on the following cases.

(1) State of Madhya Pradesh Vs. Jogendra and anr., (2022) 5 SCC 401 (2) Suresh Kumar Vs. State of Haryana, (2013) 16 SCC 353.

19. Per contra, the learned counsel appearing for the respondents/

accused has filed written notes of argument and orally argued the matter

for a considerable period. The learned counsel appearing for the

respondents/accused canvassed that, the FIR Exh.15 does not disclose

about demand of dowry but only incident of assault on deceased on

14.04.2000 has been described. In evidence, PW1 Shivaji has stated that

marriage of his daughter Savita was solemnized with accused no.1 on

08.05.1999 and initially for five months, she was treated well. PW1

stated that his daughter deceased Savita told him about ill-treatment for

the first time at the time Mahalaxmi festival. However, the incident of

raising demand of dowry has not been described in the FIR. Though the

prosecution examined witness PW-1 Shivaji father of deceased, PW-2

Ramesh Admane, PW-4 Mangala Pankade-mother of the deceased,

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however, they are the interested witnesses and no independent witnesses

have been examined to prove the mental and physical cruelty raised

against deceased for non fulfillment of demand of dowry. It is further

canvassed that, the medical evidence as well as CA Report indicate that

the cause of death of the deceased was due to consumption of poisonous

substance. The evidence of PW-1 and PW-4 narrates different story than

the story narrated in the FIR. In FIR, the informant, PW-1 has not

disclosed about any settlement of dowry amounting to Rs.1,50,000/- at

the time of marriage, and amount of Rs.50,000/- was remained unpaid.

The FIR Exh. 15 refers only to an amount of Rs.50,000/- allegedly

towards dowry but the fact of settlement of dowry of Rs. 1,50,000/- not

disclosed and said fact is not proved by the prosecution. Further, evidence

of PW-3 and PW-4 is silent on the point of dowry of Rs.1,50,000/- and

payment of Rs. 1,00,000/- at the time of solemnizing marriage.

Therefore, the learned trial court held that, the complainant has

inserted the story about securing job for his son-in-law/accused no.1 and

demand of Rs.50,000/- for the job for accused No.1. Therefore, the

prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt about raising

demand of dowry and ill-treatment against the deceased Savita for non

fulfillment of the said demand. Therefore, the findings recorded by the

learned trial court are just and proper. Hence, prayed for dismissal of

the appeal.

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20. Having regard to the submissions canvassed on behalf of both

sides, we have gone through the paper book and record and proceedings.

It is not in dispute that marriage of deceased Savita was solemnized with

accused No.1 on 08.05.1999 and she died due to consumption of

poisonous substance on 20.05.2000 soon after one year of marriage i.e.

within seven years from marriage. Since the learned trial court framed

charge against the accused for the offence punishable under sections 498-

A and 304-B read with section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, the burden

lies upon the prosecution to prove that -

(1) Death of deceased Savita was otherwise than under normal

circumstance, by consuming poison.

(2) Deceased Savita was subjected to cruelty on non-fulfillment of

demand of dowry.

21. PW-9 Dr. Bhushan Vilasrao Jain deposed at Exh.37 that he

conducted postmortem on dead body of deceased Savita and opined

about cause of death due to organocholoro insecticide Indosulfan

Thioden poisoning. So also, he found following external injuries :

(1) abrasion over left knee anteriorly 2 x 1 c.m. reddish directed medially and upwards.

(2)Multiple abrasions over left foot dorsum in an area of 4 x 2 c.m.

reddish directed upwards.

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22. PW6- Head Constable Sopan Dattatraya Nikam deposed at

Exh.24 about drawing spot panchanama Exh.17 and seizure of one

insecticide box from middle room. C.A. report Exh. 32 corroborates

about detection of organocholoro insecticide Indosulfan Thioden and

petroleum hydrocarbons in tin box that is seized from the spot of

incident. As per C.A. report Exh. 33, insecticide organocholoro

Indosulphan (Thioden) are found in viscera, liver, spleen and kidney. The

substance of said insecticide also found in blood of the deceased.

Therefore, as per evidence of PW-9, death of deceased caused due to

organocholoro insecticide Indosulfan Thioden poisoning which is

unnatural death of the deceased. However, evidence of the prosecution

does not reveal that the accused persons administered said poisonous

substance to the deceased. It is pertinent to note that there is no charge

against the respondents accused about committing murder of deceased

by administering poisonous substance. Similarly, it is also not the defence

of the respondents/accused about accidental poisoning, however, act of

committing suicide falls under the category of death other than in

normal circumstance and for the charges against accused, the

prosecution is required to discharge the burden about subjecting

deceased to cruelty for non fulfillment of demand of dowry as alleged.

23. No doubt the prosecution came with the case of demand of

dowry due of Rs.50,000/- by the accused persons and for non fulfillment

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of the said demand of dowry, physical and mental cruelty was raised

against deceased Savita. On perusal of evidence of the prosecution

witness, particularly PW1, PW-3 and PW-4, who are the parents and

brother of the deceased, they deposed about raising demand of dowry of

Rs. 50,000/- for securing job to accused no.1. However, the FIR Exh. 15

does not disclose about the settlement of dowry of Rs.1,50,000/- at the

time of marriage and Rs. 1,00,000/- (Rs. One lakh) was paid at the time

of marriage and balance Rs.50,000/- was to be paid in future. The

prosecution has not examined any independent witnesses to prove about

the settlement of dowry of Rs.1,50,000/- at the time of marriage and Rs.

1,00,000/- (Rs. One lakh) was paid at the time of marriage and balance

Rs.50,000/- was to be paid in future. In evidence, PW-1 and PW4

improved the story and narrated the facts other than the FIR. The

version/story narrated by PW-1 and PW-3 not been corroborated by the

FIR. Further, the prosecution witnesses have not cited any instances

about harassment of the deceased on account of non-fulfillment of the

alleged dowry demand.

24. Indeed, the death of deceased Savita was caused due to

poisoning, soon after one year from her marriage. Section 113 B of the

evidence Act reads as under:

29. Section 113-B of the Act reads as follows:

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"113-B. Presumption as to dowry death.- When the question it is shown that soon before her death such woman had been subjected by such person to cruelty or harassment for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, the court shall presume that such person had caused the dowry death.

Explanation. -For the purpose of this section, 'dowry death' shall have the same meaning as in Section 304-B of the Penal Code, 1860."

25. Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code Reads as under:

"304-B. Dowry death.- (1) Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be called "dowry death", and such husband or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death.

Explanation.-- For the purpose of this sub-section, "dowry" shall have the same meaning as in section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961)."

26. In the case of State of Madhya Pradesh Vs. Jogendra and

another, cited supra, the Hon'ble Supreme Court considered case of

Surinder Singh Vs. State of Punjab, (2014) 12 SCC 582 and observed as

follows:

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"17. Thus, the words "soon before" appear in Section 113-B of the Evidence Act, 1872 and also in Section 304-B IPC. For the presumptions contemplated under these sections to spring into action, it is necessary to show that the cruelty or harassment was caused soon before the death. The interpretation of the words "soon before" is, therefore, important. The question is how "soon before"? This would obviously depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. The cruelty or harassment differs from case to case. It relates to the mindset of people which varies from person to person. Cruelty can be mental or it can be physical. Mental cruelty is also of different shades. It can be verbal or emotional like insulting or ridiculing or humiliating a woman. It can be giving threats of injury to her or her near and dear ones. It can be depriving her of economic resources or essential amenities of life. It can be putting restraints on her movements. It can be not allowing her to talk to the outside world. The list is illustrative and not exhaustive. Physical cruelty could be actual beating or causing pain and harm to the person of a woman. Every such instance of cruelty and related harassment has a different impact on the mind of a woman.

Some instances may be so grave as to have a lasting impact on a woman. Some instances which degrade her dignity may remain, etched in her memory for a long time. Therefore, "soon before"

is a relative term. In matters of emotions we cannot have fixed formulae. The time-lag may differ from case to case. This must be kept in mind while examining each case of dowry death.

18. In this connection we may refer to the judgment of this Court in Kans Raj v. State of Punjab where this Court considered

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the term "soon before". The relevant observations are as under:

(SCC pp. 222-23, para 15)

15.... "Soon before" is a relative term which is required to be considered under specific circumstances of each case and no straitjacket formula can be laid down by fixing any time-limit.

This expression is pregnant with the idea of proximity test. The term "soon before" is not synonymous with the term "immediately before" and is opposite of the expression "soon after" as used and understood in Section 114, Illustration (a) of the Evidence Act. These words would imply that the interval should not be too long between the time of making the statement and the death. It contemplates the reasonable time which, as earlier noticed, has to be understood and determined under the peculiar circumstances of each case. In relation to dowry deaths, the circumstances showing the existence of cruelty or harassment to the deceased are not restricted to a particular instance but normally refer to a course of conduct. Such conduct may be spread over a period of time. If the cruelty or harassment or demand for dowry Is shown to have persisted, it shall be deemed to be "soon before death" if any other intervening circumstance showing the non-existence of such treatment is not brought on record, before such alleged treatment and the date of death. It does not, however, mean that such time can be stretched to any period. Proximate and live link between the effect of cruelty based on dowry demand and the consequential death is required to be proved by the prosecution. The demand of dowry, cruelty or harassment based upon such demand and the date of death should not be too

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remote in time which, under the circumstances, be treated as having become stale enough."

Thus, there must be a nexus between the demand of dowry, cruelty or harassment, based upon such demand and the date of death. The test of proximity will have to be applied. But, it is not a rigid test. It depends on the facts and circumstarices of each case and calls for a pragmatic and sensitive approach of the court within the confines of law."

(emphasis supplied)

27. In case of Suresh Kumar, cited supra, the Hon'ble Supreme

Court considered the scope of Section 113-B of the evidence Act and

Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code. In the said case, the issue was

whether the death of deceased was caused due to electrical shock or

electrocution and Electric shock was accidental or not. Considering

scope of Section 113-B of the Evidence Act as well as Section 304-B of

the Indian Penal Code the Hon'ble Supreme Court held that Section 304

B IPC would attract and accidental death occurred otherwise than under

normal circumstances.

28. However, in the case in hand, the evidence laid down by the

prosecution does not corroborate about the demand of dowry or