Bombay High Court
Nirmala W/O Rameshwar Panchgade vs State Of Maharashtra Thr. Pso Ps Arvi, ... on 16 October, 2025
Author: Anil L. Pansare
Bench: Anil L. Pansare
2025:BHC-NAG:11032
1 apeal476.437.20.odt
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
NAGPUR BENCH AT NAGPUR
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.476/2020
Rameshwar Shamraoji Panchgade,
aged 55 years, Occ. Labourer,
r/o Dattawadi, Arvi, Tq. Arvi,
Dist. Wardha. .....APPELLANT
...V E R S U S...
The State of Maharashtra,
through Police Station Officer,
Police Station, Arvi, Dist. Wardha. ...RESPONDENT
WITH
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.437/2020
Sau. Nirmala w/o Rameshwar Panchgade,
aged 49 years, Occ. Labourer,
r/o Dattawadi, Arvi, Tq. Arvi,
Dist. Wardha. .....APPELLANT
...V E R S U S...
The State of Maharashtra,
through Police Station Officer,
Police Station, Arvi, Dist. Wardha. ...RESPONDENT
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Mr. R. M. Daga, Advocate for appellant in Appeal No. 476/2020.
Mr. M. V. Rai, Advocate for appellant in Appeal No.437/2020.
Mr. A. B. Badar, A.P.P. for respondent-State.
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CORAM:- ANIL L. PANSARE AND Y. G. KHOBRAGADE, JJ.
DATE OF RESERVING THE JUDGMENT : 09.10.2025
DATE OF PRONOUNCING THE JUDGMENT : 16.10.2025
ORAL JUDGMENT (Per: Anil L. Pansare, J.)
The appellants have challenged judgment and order dated
23.10.2020 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Wardha, in
Sessions Case No.57/2016. The appellant in Criminal Appeal No.
2 apeal476.437.20.odt
476/2020 was accused No.1 before the Trial Court and appellant in
Criminal Appeal No. 437/2020 was accused No.2. They will be
hereinafter referred to as per their original nomenclature.
2. Thus, by the impugned judgment, accused No.1 has been
convicted for the offence punishable under Section 302 of the Indian
Penal Code 1860 ("IPC"). He is sentenced to suffer rigorous
imprisonment for life and with fine of Rs.2000/-. Accused No.2 has
been convicted for the office punishable under section 324 of the IPC
and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for three years and to
pay a fine of Rs.1000/- As such, the accused were tried for the offences
punishable under sections 302, 307, 324, 504 read with Section 34 of
the IPC. However, the Trial Court has rendered the above finding. The
respondent - State of Maharashtra has not preferred appeal against the
acquittal of accused No.2 for the offence punishable under Section 302
of the IPC and accordingly the appeals were heard.
3. Briefly stated the facts are;
Accused No.1 is elder brother of informant's husband
named Raju. Accused No.2 is wife of accused No.1. Accused No.2 used
to raise quarrels with informant by raising suspicion over her husband
i.e. accused No.1 that he provides money to the informant. Moreover,
there was dispute between accused No.1 and informant's husband on
3 apeal476.437.20.odt
the count of partition of house and drainage of water, for which report
was also lodged with Police Station.
4. On 17.03.2016 at about 07:00 p.m., when the informant
came from market, her husband told her that accused No.1 and 2, took
up a quarrel with him when he had gone to clear the drainage.
Thereafter, when the informant, her husband and their son were in
their house, accused No.1 and 2, were uttering abuses. Accused No.1
asked her husband to come out. The informant's husband went outside.
Altercations took place between them. On hearing a call from her
husband, informant also came out. At that time, she found chilly
powder in the eyes of her husband, which was supposedly thrown by
Pratik, the juvenile son of accused No.1 and 2. The informant's husband
was washing his eyes. At that time, Pankaj, another juvenile son of
accused No.1, caught his neck, accused No.2 assaulted the informant's
husband by giving stick blows, whereas accused No.1 assaulted by
means of axe on his head and back. The assault caused bleeding
injuries on his head and he fell down on the ground. Accused No.1 also
dealt a blow of axe on the informant's head when she came to rescue
her husband. She somehow escaped the grave injury but sustained
injury on her forehead. The informant's son Sameer came for their
rescue. He was also caught by Pratik and accused No.2 assaulted
Sameer by giving blows of stick on his back. All the accused thereafter
4 apeal476.437.20.odt
fled away from the spot. The informant was referred to hospital for
treatment. She came to know that her husband succumbed to the
injuries. The informant accordingly lodged First Information Report
("FIR") at Police Station Arvi on 18.03.2016, vide Crime No.311/2016
for the offences punishable under Sections 302, 307, 303, 506 read
with Section 34 of the IPC.
5. This is how the law was set in motion. The investigating
officer took up the investigation. He prepared spot panchanama,
conducted inquest panchanama, seized clothes of deceased, blood
samples and nail clippings, etc. were also seized. Postmortem was
conducted. The axe was discovered at the instance of accused No.1.
The blood stained clothes of accused were also seized under section 27
of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Blood samples of the juvenile in
conflict with law were also obtained and seized under panchanama.
Statements of witnesses were recorded. The weapon stick was seized,
Forensic Sciences Laboratory's report was obtained and on completion
of the investigation, charge-sheet was filed.
6. The Trial Court framed charges, to which the accused
pleaded not guilty. The prosecution examined 15 witnesses to bring
home the guilt of the accused. Statement under Section 313 of the
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 ("Code") was recorded. The defence of
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the accused was of total denial and false implication. Trial Court, after
having heard both sides and after having gone through the evidence
and documents placed before it, found accused No.1 guilty of the
offences punishable under Section 302 of the IPC, whereas accused
No.2 was found guilty for the offence punishable under Section 324 of
the IPC. Both accused, aggrieved by the finding, filed present appeals.
7. We have heard Mr. R.M. Daga, learned counsel for accused
No.1, Mr. M. V. Rai, learned counsel for accused No.2 and Mr. A. B.
Badar, learned A.P.P. for the State of Maharashtra. We have gone
through the impugned judgment, evidence, documents and other
materials placed before us. We will refer to the same to the extent
necessary to decide the following points that arise for our consideration.
We have recorded our findings thereon for the reasons to follow.
Sr.No Points Findings
1. Whether the prosecution has proved that Raju In the
Panchgade suffered homicidal death? affirmative.
2. Whether the prosecution has proved that on In the
17.03.2016, accused No.1 committed murder of affirmative.
Raju?
3. Whether the prosecution has proved that on In the
17.03.2016, accused No.2 voluntarily caused affirmative.
hurt to Sameer, son of Raju and also informant
by means of stick used as a weapon of the
offence, likely to cause death?
4. Whether interference is called for in the In the
impugned judgment? Negative.
5. What order? The appeal is
dismissed.
6 apeal476.437.20.odt
REASONS
As to point Nos. 1 to 4:
8. These points are interlinked, therefore, they are decided by
common reasoning. The prosecution was under an obligation to prove
that Raju suffered homicidal death and that accused No.1 is responsible
for the said death. The prosecution was also under obligation to prove
that accused No.2 caused voluntary hurt to Pranita and Sameer.
9. The prosecution case mainly revolves around testimony of
three witnesses namely, PW1, the informant, PW5 Sameer who has
sustained injuries in the incident and PW6 Ratnabai, the neighbour
who had witnessed the incident. We have gone through the evidence of
all these witnesses.
10. PW1 deposed in tune with the FIR. As per her evidence, on
17.03.2025, at around 07:00 p.m., there occurred quarrel between her
husband on one side and accused persons on the other. Thereafter,
accused came out from their house and were abusing. Accused No.2
called her husband out of the house. Accordingly, her husband went
out. Prateek threw chilly powder into the eyes of Raju, accused No.2
assaulted him with stick, accused No.1 assaulted by axe on his head as
also back. Accused No.1 assaulted the informant on her forehead by
means of axe. Sameer intervened in the quarrel. Accused No.2 Nirmala
beat Sameer on his back by means of stick. Thereafter, accused ran
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away. Police admitted the informant to the Government Hospital
because of bleeding injury on her head. Her son Aniket came to
hospital and informed her that her husband succumbed to the injuries.
FIR was lodged. In the cross-examination, a case is put up to show that
her husband had criminal antecedents and that she gave a threat to the
accused of implicating them because of relations between her and the
accused. She admitted that relations between them were not good.
However, rest of the suggestions were denied. There is nothing in the
cross-examination on the point of incident. In other words, her
testimony withstood the cross examination and thus is reliable.
11. PW5 is another witness and a victim of the crime. His
evidence is nothing but reiteration of what PW1 has stated. The only
addition is that he made a phone call to his brother Aniket who came to
house and took his father to hospital where the doctors declared him
dead. In the cross-examination, he admitted that the relations between
the two families were not good. He stated that quarrel took place
between his father and accused No.1 even prior to the incident.
12. Thus, it is brought on the record in the cross-examination of
PW5 that relations between the two families were not good and that
both the brothers indulged into quarrels on earlier occasions also.
Thus, the motive behind the crime is substantiated in the cross
examination.
8 apeal476.437.20.odt
13. The third witness is equally important. She is neighbour and
an independent witness. According to her, the incident occurred in
front of the house of the deceased Raju between 07:00 and 07:30 p.m.
on 17.03.2016. Her house is adjacent to the house of deceased and the
accused. She was sitting in front of her house. A quarrel took place
between Raju and accused No.1 over drainage. Thereafter, the quarrel
came to an end. At about 08:00 p.m. she heard abuses. So she came
out of the house. She saw Pratik throwing chilly powder in the eyes of
Raju. Accused No.2 brought a stick and an axe. She gave axe to
accused No.1, who gave the axe blow on the head and back of Raju.
Accused No.2 came running towards the witness with stick and,
therefore, she ran away and hid herself under a tree. Later on, she
came to know that Raju had expired. Her statement was recorded by
police so also before Magistrate (Exh.65). In the cross-examination, her
evidence that incident took place between 07:00 and 07:30 p.m. and
also around 08:00 p.m. is shown as an omission which is proved
through the evidence of the investigating officer. Except for such an
omission, there is absolutely nothing in her cross-examination to
disbelieve the prosecution's version.
14. Thus, the testimony of these three witnesses will clearly
spell out the role played by the respective accused.
15. Mr. Daga, learned Counsel for accused No.1 initially made
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an attempt to point out flaws in the prosecution story. However, later
on focused his argument on the point of ingredients of section 304 Part
II of the IPC. According to him, evidence of PW6 indicates that accused
No.1 came out of his house without carrying arms. During scuffle,
accused No.2 provided axe to accused No.1 and in the heat of moment,
the incident occurred. Accordingly, he argued that since accused No.1
was unarmed, the intention was never to commit murder of his own
brother.
16. Thus, the moot question in the appeal is, whether accused
No.1 has committed a murder or is a case of culpable homicide not
amounting to murder. Mr Daga invited our attention to exception 4 to
Section 300 of the IPC which provides that culpable homicide is not
murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the
heat of passion, upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender's
having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner.
17. Thus, to fall under exception 4, following four ingredients
will be necessary:
(i) Homicide is committed without premeditation.
(ii) In a sudden fight in a heat of passion upon sudden quarrel.
(iii) Without taking undue advantage.
(iv) Without acting in a cruel or unusual manner.
10 apeal476.437.20.odt
18. Mr. Daga submits that there is nothing in the evidence to
show that accused No.1 has committed crime with premeditation.
According to him, there occurred usual quarrel and that since both the
brothers indulged into scuffle, which provoked accused No.1 for
aggravated assault, resulted into death of his own brother. He further
submits that though prosecution witnesses have spelt out two quarrels,
the manner in which the events have been narrated, it can be gathered
that the second incident is an integral part of the first incident. In other
words, Mr. Daga submits that the second incident is continuation of the
first incident and it cannot be separated.
19. In support, he relied upon judgment of the Supreme Court
in the case of Atul Thakur Vs. State of H.P. [(2018) 7 SCC 49) and
Surain Singh Vs. State of Punjab [(2017) 5 SCC 796] , wherein the
Court held that neither the factum of use of knife nor multiple stabs
were given by the appellant therein, can be the sole basis to deny
benefit of exception 4 to Section 300 of the IPC and that number of
wounds caused is not a decisive factor. What is important is that
occurrence must be a sudden without premeditation and the offender
must have acted in a heat of anger.
20. Mr. Daga has also relied upon judgment of the Supreme
Court in the case of Nandlal Vs. State of Maharashtra [(2019) 5 SCC
224] wherein the Court held that an act committed in a sudden heat of
11 apeal476.437.20.odt
passion during a sudden quarrel, without premeditation or cruelty, can
be considered under an exception to murder, thereby reducing the
charge to culpable homicide not amounting to murder. The Court
emphasized that the absence of prior intention, the spontaneous nature
of the altercation and the lack of undue advantage or cruelty in
inflicting the fatal injury are crucial factors in qualifying the act for this
exception.
21. Mr. Daga submits that the facts in the present case, would
demonstrate that the nature of offence if tested in the light of judgment
cited above, the offence can be scaled down to an offence under Section
304 part II of the IPC.
22. Mr. Badar, learned A.P.P. for the respondent-State, on the
other hand, submits that the evidence of the prosecution witnesses,
particularly PW6, would clearly demonstrate that the second quarrel is
an act done by both accused with premeditation. He submits that PW6
categorically deposed that she witnessed the first quarrel which came to
an end. Thereafter, she heard abuses and accordingly she came out,
which would mean that after concluding the first quarrel, PW6 went
inside the house. She came out only upon hearing the second quarrel.
In the second quarrel, the accused along with their children came out
with arms and as such with common intention to attack deceased Raju.
It is a different matter that accused No.1 was not holding axe in his
12 apeal476.437.20.odt
hand. However, the body parts, which he chose to inflict the injuries
upon his own brother, is something that would demonstrate his
intentions to commit murder. He has targeted most vital parts of Raju's
body i.e. head and back. The co-accused also assaulted Raju. He
further submits that there is history of previous quarrels between the
two families. In the circumstances, the second attack by accused No.1
with co-accused is nothing but a well planned crime.
23. In support of his contentions, Mr. Badar has relied upon
judgment of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Sonu Jain Vs. State of
Madhya Pradesh [Criminal Appeal No.474/2016] wherein, in the
identical set of facts, the High Court declined to convert the offence
under Section 302 of the IPC to Section 304 Part II of the IPC. In the
said case also, after initial quarrel, the appellant therein returned back
after about 25-30 minutes and assaulted the victim by knife delivering a
single lethal blow to the right side of the chest. The High Court
reaffirmed the well established doctrine of provocation. The Court held
that the exceptions to Section 300 of the IPC, particularly exceptions 1
and 4 would require a factual scenario of grave and sudden provocation
that temporarily deprived the accused of control, coupled with
detrimental and immediate reaction. Mere presence of an altercation or
a single blow is not automatically sufficient to invoke exceptions 1 and
4. The interval between provocation and the act, the nature of weapon
used and the relation of the act to the provocation are critical.
13 apeal476.437.20.odt
Thereafter, the High Court, considering the facts of the case before it
held that there is no sudden altercation and further deliberate return
with a deadly weapon after a gap is a fact that can support the finding
of intention to kill. The Court then held that the knife used in the crime
was a deadly weapon and the injury to the vital part was inflicted after
a gap of about 25 to 30 minutes, following earlier quarrel, will indicate
the calculated design to cause death. Consequently, the Court declined
to convert the offence to section 304 part II of the IPC.
24. We find merit in the submissions made by Mr. Badar. In the
case before us, there is a history of quarrels between the families. The
defence itself has brought on record in the cross-examination of
prosecution witnesses that the relations between the two families were
not good and that both the brothers had quarrels on earlier occasions as
well. The evidence of PW1, PW5 and PW6 further indicate that initial
quarrel was stopped and thereafter the accused persons returned back
with deadly weapons. Accused No.1 came out of his house with co-
accused and called Raju and once he came out, there was a collective
assault by family of accused No.1. The testimony of PW6 that first
quarrel came to an end and after sometime the second quarrel
occurred, where the accused persons came with weapons, is a clinching
evidence of premeditation. Further, the assault by axe, which is a
deadly weapon on the vital body parts chosen by accused No.1 to inflict
fatal injury, is yet another instance to substantiate the prosecution
14 apeal476.437.20.odt
version that the assault was with an intention to commit murder. The
evidence that the son of accused No.1 caught hold of Raju's hands,
indicate that he was rendered defenseless and, therefore, there is
nothing to show that Raju provoked accused Nos. 1 and 2 to commit
the offence. This is one more reason to reject the argument of accused
No.1 that incident occurred in heat of moment.
25. The overall look at the incident does not really suggest that
the accused No.1 or for that purpose co-accused were suddenly
provoked by Raju or his family members that they were temporarily
deprived of the self control. Further, the reaction was not immediate,
but is a well thought action. That being so, argument of accused No.1
that the offence could be scaled down to Section 304 part II of the IPC,
is without any substance and is accordingly rejected.
26. Since Mr. Daga, has, in a way restricted his arguments to
scale down the offence, we do not feel it necessary to discuss in detail
the evidence of other witnesses which have hardly any impact on the
judgment. PW2 is pancha to inquest, PW3 is Revenue Inspector who
drew the map of spot, PW4 is pancha to seizure of muddemal, PW7 is
pancha who handed over muddemal to the Court, PW8 is pancha to
discovery of weapon under Section 27 as also seizure of clothes of
accused, PW9 is the one who carried muddemal to Chemical Analyzer,
PW10 is pancha to spot panchanama, inquest panchanama and seizure
15 apeal476.437.20.odt
memo, PW11 is photographer who clicked the photographs of seizure,
PW12 is also photographer to seizure of articles, PW13 is doctor who
issued certification of examination of injuries, PW14 is doctor who
conducted postmortem, PW15 is investigating officer who supported the
case of prosecution.
27. So far as the role of accused No.2 is concerned, Mr. Rai
learned counsel submits that the Trial Court has rendered a categorical
finding that she has used stick to assault the lower back, right shoulder,
and right hand of Raju. Accordingly, the Trial Court held her guilty for
the offence punishable under Section 324 of IPC.
28. Mr. Rai submits that in such a scenario, the stick or Lathi
cannot be termed as a dangerous weapon. He has invited our attention
to section 324 of the IPC to contend that the weapons described under
this provision are such that are capable of causing death by its use. The
weapons described are instruments for shooting, stabbing or cutting or
any instrument which if used as a weapon of an offence which is likely
to cause death or cause voluntary hurt, by means of fire or any heated
substance or by means of poison, etc. Thus, according to him, to attract
section 324 of the IPC, the weapon used should be of the nature as
described in the provision. In the present case, stick was used which
cannot be said to be a deadly weapon.
16 apeal476.437.20.odt
29. In support he invited our attention to the judgment of the
Madhya Pradesh High Court in the case of Anusuiya Daharwa Vs.
Govind Ram alias Tappu Kadve and Ors. [2017 CR.L.J.3140] , wherein
the Court held that the classification of a weapon as a dangerous
weapon under the relevant Section of the IPC depends on its nature,
characteristic and the potential to cause death or grievous hurt. The
Court further held that merely because of hard and blunt nature of the
object, Lathi or stick does not automatically qualify it to be a dangerous
weapon unless it possesses the enhanced capacity of causing death or
grievous hurt. In the said case, Bamboo stick was used. The High Court
held that it was capable of causing grievous hurt but did not meet the
criteria to consider it as a dangerous weapon. Accordingly, the
conviction rendered under section 326 of the IPC was altered to Section
325 of the IPC.
30. We would endorse the view taken by the Madhya Pradesh
High Court as regards categorization of the weapon. According to us,
the Bamboo stick can be termed as a deadly weapon if the assailant has
targeted the vital parts of the victim for the assault by the stick, like if
the stick is used to inflict injury on head or other vital parts of the body
even single blow can be fatal. In such an eventuality, the bamboo stick
or Lathi can be said to be a deadly weapon.
31. In the present case, the role of accused No.2 was very
17 apeal476.437.20.odt
crucial. In fact, she came out with two weapons. One is axe and
another is a stick. She supplied axe to accused No.1, who gave a fatal
blow on the head of Raju. In the process of assault by accused No.1, his
wife, accused No.2 assaulted Raju by stick on his back shoulder and
hand. In addition, she has also assaulted PW1 and PW5. She rushed
towards PW6 and threatened her as well. Her overall contribution
would, as such, attract higher punishment, the Trial Court, however, for
no valid reason ignored her role while assessing the evidence in the
light of Section 34 of the IPC.
32. In our view, the common object of the accused was writ
large in the present case. However, since the Trial Court has found
accused No.2 guilty of offence punishable under Section 324 of the IPC
and that since the State Government has not challenged the said
verdict, we refrain from making any further comments. The role of
accused No.2 is such that would definitely attract ingredients of Section
324 of the IPC, if not 302 of the IPC. As stated earlier, she came out
with two weapons that itself indicates her intention to lodge fatal
attack. In the circumstances, the body parts chosen by her to assault
Raju can be said to be vital parts and thus the Lathi/stick used by
accused No.2 can be treated as a deadly weapon.
33. The aforesaid evidence, coupled with postmortem report,
show five serious injuries on the person of the deceased. The cause of
18 apeal476.437.20.odt
death was brain hemorrhage due to hard and blunt object. This
evidence is sufficient to hold that Raju suffered homicidal death and
that accused No.1 is responsible for the said death. The evidence also
indicates that accused No.2 had played a vital role in the crime and is
thus, guilty of offence of causing voluntary hurt by deadly weapon, if
not abetting the crime under Section 302 of the IPC. Point Nos.1 to 4
are answered accordingly.
As to Point No.5:
34. Having answered first four points in the manner
hereinabove, no interference is called for in the impugned judgment.
There is thus no substance in the appeals. The appeals are accordingly
dismissed. Bail bond of accused No.2 - Sau. Nirmala w/o Rameshwar
Panchgade, stands cancelled. She shall surrender before the Sessions
Court, Wardha for undergoing the imprisonment within three weeks
from today, failing which the Sessions Court shall take appropriate steps
to arrest her for undergoing the sentence.
(Y. G. Khobragade,J.) (Anil L. Pansare, J.)
kahale
