Puttu Lal & Others vs State Of U.P.
2018 Latest Caselaw 1868 ALL

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD

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jkT; mRrj izns'k ----------------------- foi{kh

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(ekuuh; cPpw yky] U;k;ewfrZ }kjk iznRr fu.kZ;)

;g nkf.Md vihy] vihykFkhZx.k iqRrw yky] jkts'k dqekj] cq/k iky ,oa d`iky dh vksj ls l= ijh{k.k la[;k 561 o"kZ 1998] Fkkuk ijkSj ftyk Q:Z[kkckn orZeku ftyk 'kkgtgkaiqj esa fo}ku l= U;k;k/kh'k] Q:Z[kkckn }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukad 5&12&2011 ds fo:} ;ksftr dh x;h gS ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZ iqRrw yky dks /kkjk 302 lifBr /kkjk 114 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kfl} ikrs gq, vkthou dkjkokl ,oa rhl gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;kA vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa mls nks o"kZ dk vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl rFkk /kkjk 307 lifBr /kkjk 114 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nl o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa ikap gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M rFkk vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa ,d o"kZ dk vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl rFkk vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k dqekj] cq/k iky ,oa d`iky dks /kkjk [email protected] Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr vkthou dkjkokl rFkk rhl gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M rFkk vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa nks&nks o"kZ dk vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl rFkk /kkjk [email protected] Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nl o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa iakp gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M rFkk vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa ,d&,d o"kZ dk vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl ds n.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh vknsf'kr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k dks nh x;h ltk;sa lkFk lkFk pysxhaA

vihy ds yEcudky esa vihykFkhZ iqRrw yky dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k vkns'k fnukad 6&4&2015 ds }kjk ;g vihy mlds fo:} mi'kfer dh tk pqdh gSaA

vfHk;kstu i{k ds dFkukuqlkj ?kVuk fnukad 18&7&1998 le; 11&00 cts fnu dh bl izdkj crk;h x;h gS fd oknh eqdnek efgiky flag us vius gh xkao ds ';ke flag iq= :e flag Bkdqj ls 3 ch?kk] 3 fcLok tehu rhu ekg igys [kjhnh Fkh rFkk ';ke flag ds HkkbZ txnh'k flag iq= :e flag ds fgLls dh tehu 3 ch?kk] 3 fcLok dk cSukek ewypUnz vkfn us djk;k Fkk vkSj oknh efgiky flag vius fgLls dh tehu ?kVuk ds fnu tksrus x;k Fkk mlds lkFk mldk NksVk HkkbZ Jhjke Hkh Fkk vkSj tc os yksx [ksr tksr jgs Fks rks [email protected];qDrx.k iqRrw yky gkFk esa ykBh jkts'k uktk;t cUnwd] cq/k iky o d`iky vius vius gkFkksa esa uktk;t dV~Vk ysdj [ksr ij vk;s vkSj cksys fd ftl [ksr dks rqe tksr jgs gks ml [ksr dk gekjk Hkh cSukek gS ;g [ksr NksMdj nwljh rjQ okyk tksrksaA oknh o mlds HkkbZ us dgk fd ftl [ksr dks ';ke flag igys ls tksr jgs Fks mldk cSukek mlus djk;k gS vkSj mlh dks os tksr jgs gSaaA bl ckr dks lqudj iqRrw us vius gkFk esa ykBh fy, gq, o jkts'k gkFk esa cUnwd rFkk cq/k iky o d`iky gkFk esa dV~Vk ysdj oknh dh rjQ tku ls ekjus ds fy, nkSMs o Qk;j fd;kA Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj oknh o mldk HkkbZ Jhjke gy NksMdj xkao dh rjQ HkkxsaA iqRrw us dgk fd ;g cpdj fudy u tk, ;gha [kRe dj nksaA jkts'k] cq/k iky o d`iky us mlds HkkbZ Jhjke dks nkSMkdj xksyh ekj nhaA ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k fd mlds HkkbZ Jhjke mez iPphl o"kZ dh yk'k [ksr esa iMh gS rFkk xksyh ds NjsZ mlds flj esa yxs gSaA ;g ?kVuk fnu ds 11&00 cts dh gS bl ?kVuk dks mlds xkao ds /kku dh jksikbZ dj jgs j?kqoj iq= fo'kky] jke cgknqj iq= dqUt fcgkjh o jes'k iq= brokjh yky us ns[kk gSaA

oknh us bl ?kVuk dh rgjhj edjUn ls fy[kokdj Fkkus ij nkf[ky dh Fkh ftlds vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} eqdnek iathd`r fd;k x;kA

vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 fo'oukFk oekZ] fjVk;MZ mifujh{kd us ?kVukLFky ij tkdj e`rd dk iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&7 rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr dkxtkr] fpV~Bh eq[; fpfdRlkf/kdkjh] QksVksuk'k] pkyku uk'k dze'k% izn'kZ d&8 yxk;r izn'kZ d&10 rS;kj fd;k rFkk e`rd ds 'ko ds ikl iMs [kks[kk dkjrwl 12 cksj o nwljk dkjrwl fcuk isanh ds dCtk iqfyl esa ysdj mudh QnZ izn'kZ d&12 rS;kj dh rFkk ?kVukLFky ls [kwu vkywnk o lknh feV~Vh dCts esa ysdj lhy eksgj dj mldh QnZ izn'kZ d&13 rS;kj dhA oknh rFkk xokgku dh mifLFkfr esa ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k dj uD'kk utjh izn'kZ d&14 rS;kj fd;k rFkk xokgku ds c;ku vafdr fd;sA

e`rd ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu fnukad 19&7&1998 dks 12&30 ih0 ,e0 ij vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 fjVk;MZ MkDVj ih0 ,u0 f}osnh }kjk fd;k x;kA e`rd ds 'kjhj ij e`R;q iwoZ dh fuEufyf[kr pksVsa ik;h xbZ%

1& ,d vkXus;kL= dk ?kko tks ?kqlh gqbZ gkyr esa Fkk tks 2 lseh x 2 lseh psLV dSfoVh Mhi Fkh tks lhus dh cka;h rjQ ck;sa fufiy ls 9 lseh ?kko ds fdukjs QVs gq, rFkk vanj dh rjQ eqMs gq, FksA ?kko ykfyek fy, gq, rFkk ?kko ds pkjksa rjQ dkfyek fy, gq, >qylu ekStwn Fkh tks 11 lseh x 9 lseh ds {ks= esa ekStwn FkhA ?kko dh fn'kk ck;sa ls nk;sa dh rjQ FkhA ?kko ds dkVus ij vanj ok;k Iywjk] ck;ka QsQMk rFkk g`n; dh f>Yyh rFkk g`n; QVk gqvk FkkA lhus ds ck;sa rjQ psLV dSfoVh esa [kwuk Hkjk gqvk Fkk bl Hkkx esa ,d osfMax nks fVdyh rFkk 12 iSyV~l NksVs fudys FksA

2& [kjk'k 1.5 lseh x 0.5 lseh nkfgus xky ij ekStwn FkhA

3& [kjk'k 1-5 lseh x 1 lseh nkfgus gkFk ds ihNs ds rjQ ekStwn FkhA

4& ,d [kjk'k 1 lseh x 0.5 lseh ck;sa Hkqtk ds lkeus rFkk chp okys Hkkx esa ekStwn FkhA

MkDVj ds vuqlkj] e`rd dh e`R;q vfrfjDr jDrlzko o lnesa ds dkj.k gqbZ tks e`R;qiwoZ vk;h pksVksa pksV la[;k 1 ds dkj.k gqvk FkkA e`rd dh iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&2 gSA

oknh eqdnek efgiky dk MkDVjh ijh{k.k fnukad 18&7&1998 dks le; 7&50 ih0 ,e0 ij vkj0 ,e0 ,y0 vLirky Q:Z[kkckn esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj fnus'k flag }kjk fd;k x;kA MkDVjh ijh{k.k ds le; [email protected] eqdnek efgiky ds 'kjhj ij fuEu pksVsa ik;h x;h%&

1& QVk gqvk ?kko ftldk vkdkj 2 lseh- x 1/2 lseh x cksu Mhi Fkk tks ck;sa ekFks ij HkkSa ls 6 lseh- Åij dh rjQ ekStwn Fkk tks [kMk fLFkfr esa Fkk rktk [kwu cg jgk Fkk ,Dljs dh lykg nh x;h FkhA

2& ,d [kjksap ck;s ekFks ij 1/2 lseh x 1/2 lseh ftlds pkjks rjQ 2 lseh x 2 lseh dh lwtu ekStwn Fkh tks ck;ha vka[k ds fefM;y ,axy ls 2 lseh Åij ekFks ij ekStwn FkhA M~;wjs'ku 12 ?k.Vs dk vkuk lEHko gSA

MkDVj ds vuqlkj] ;s pksVsa fnukad 18&7&1998 dks le; 12&50 ij NjksZ rFkk vU; dqan vkys ls vkuk lEHko gSA pqVSy dh batjh fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&3 gSA

iz'uxr izdj.k dh vfxze foospuk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 ,l0 ,p0 vks0 lR;ohj flag }kjk dh x;h mUgksusa foospuk lEca/kh leLr dk;Zokgh iw.kZ djds [email protected];qDrx.k ds fo:} vkjksi i= izn'kZ d&4 U;k;ky; izsf"kr fd;kA

[email protected];qDrx.k dk eqdnek fnukad 23&9&1998 dks eq[; U;kf;d n.Mkf/kdkjh ds }kjk l= U;k;ky; ds lqiqnZ fd;k x;kA

fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk [email protected];qDrx.k ds fo:} /kkjk [email protected]] [email protected] o 504 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr vkjksi fojfpr fd;s x;s ftlls mUgksusa badkj fd;k rFkk ijh{k.k dh ekax dhA

vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky (oknh eqdnek) ] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj, vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 fjVk;MZ MkDVj ih0 ,u0 f}osnh] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj fnus'k flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 ,l0,p0vks0 lR;ohj flag ,oa vfHk;kstu lk{kh 6 fo'oukFk oekZ fjVk;MZ (mifujh{kd) dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA

[email protected];qDrx.k dk c;ku /kkjk 313 na0iaz0la0 ds vUrxZr vafdr fd;k x;k ftlesa mUgksaus >waBk jaft'ku Qlk;k tkuk crk;k gSA [email protected];qDr iqRrw yky us viuk fyf[kr c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 233 ¼2½ na0 iz0 la0 nkf[ky fd;k ftlesa mlus eq[; :i ls ;g mYys[k fd;k fd fookfnr Hkwfe dk cSukek mlus ugha djk;k vkSj u gh ml [ksr ls mldk dksbZ lEca/k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj lxs HkkbZ gS tks mlls jaft'k ekurs gS blh dkj.k >wBk Qalk;k x;k gSA

[email protected];qDrx.k dh vksj ls vius cpko esa cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i esa jkes'oj n;ky rFkk cpko lk{kh la[;k 2 ds :i esa jked`".k dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;kA

fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mHk; i{k dks lqudj rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZ iqRrw yky dks /kkjk 302 lifBr /kkjk 114 Hkk0 na0 la0 ,oa 307 lifBr /kkjk 114 Hkk0 na0 la0 rFkk vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k dqekj] cq/k iky o d`iky dks /kkjk [email protected]] [email protected] Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh ikrs gq, mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k ftlls {kqC/k gksdj [email protected];qDrx.k us ;g nkf.Md vihy ;ksftr dh gSA

tSlk fd Åij mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw yky dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k mlds fo:} ;g vihy mi'kfer dh tk pqdh gSA

vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k dqekj ,oa cq/k iky dh vksj muds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh losZ'k dqekj nqcs ,oa Jh c`ts'k lgk; rFkk vihykFkhZ d`iky dh vksj ls mlds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,0 ds0 'kqDyk ,oa jkT; dh vksj ls fo}ku 'kkldh; vf/koDRkk Jh t; ukjk;u dks foLrkjiwoZdlquk rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr vfHkys[k ,oa iz'uxr fu.kZ; o vkns'k dk lE;d ifj'khyu fd;kA

[email protected];qDrx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k funksZ"k gS mUgsa bl izdj.k esa >waBk Qlk;k x;k gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ,aVh Vkbe gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky pqVSy lk{kh ugha gS vkSj mldh pksVsa QthZ o cukoVh gS rFkk mls NjsZ dh pksVsa vkuk fl} ugha gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj e`rd ds lxs HkkbZ gS rFkk dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij mudh mifLFkfr fl} ugha gSA ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa fdlh Lora= ,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;kA e`rd dks vkXus;kL= dh ek= ,d pksV vkus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ,oa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj dh lk{; esa ;g dgha Hkh mYys[k ugha gS fd e`rd dks fdl [email protected];qDr ds Qk;j dh pksV yxh vkSj ;fn mijksDr nksuks lk{khx.k ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij ekStwn gksrs rFkk mUgksus ?kVuk ns[kh gksrh rks os fuf'pr :i ls ;g crk ldrs Fks fd fdl [email protected];qDr dk Qk;j e`rd dks yxkA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd iksLVekVZe ds le; e`rd ds vek'k; esa isLVh QwM eSVj o xSlsl rFkk NksVh vkar esa isLVh QwM eSVj o xSlsl rFkk cMh vkar esa isLVh QwM eSVj o fQdy eSVj ik;s tkus dk mYys[k gS tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky us viuh ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd ?kVuk ds fnu og ?kj ls [kkuk [kkdj ugha x;s Fks blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd e`rd dh e`R;q fdlh vU;= le; ij fdlh vKkr O;fDr }kjk dkfjr dh x;h gS rFkk e`rd dk 'ko ik;s tkus ij vihykFkhZx.k dks bl izdj.k esa jaft'ku >waBk Qlk;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd fpfdRlh; lk{; ls vfHk;kstu dFkkud dh iqf"V ugha gksrh gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dh ftjg esa ;g vk;k gS fd og Fkkus ls iqfyl ds lkFk ?kVukLFky ij x;k Fkk vkSj tgka ij mlds lkeus e`rd dk iapk;rukek Hkh rS;kj gqvk FkkA fpV~Bh et:ch esa pqVSy efgiky dks 'kke ikap cts ih0 ,p0 lh0 ijkSj ls ftyk vLirky Qrsgx< fjQj djus dk mYys[k gS rFkk fpV~Bh et:ch ij tks eqdnek vijk/k la[;k o /kkjk vafdr dh x;h gS og yky L;kgh ls vafdr gS vkSj ;s lc ifjfLFkfr;ka Li"V djrh gS fd iapk;rukes dh dk;Zokgh iw.kZ gksus rd 'kke ikap cts rd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vfLrRo esa ugha FkhA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ esa e`rd ds lhus ij vkXus;kL= dk ,d izos'k ?kko ik;s tkus dk mYys[k gS vkSj bl pksV ds pkjks rjQ dkfyek o >qylu ekStwn gksus dk mYys[k gS rFkk e`rd ds bl ?kko ls ,d osfMax nks fVdyh rFkk 12 iSyV~l NksVs ik;s tkus dk mYys[k gS blls Hkh ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd e`rd dks ;g pksV djhc ,d fQV ds Qklys ls igqapk;h x;h FkhA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ds }kjk vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk e`rd o mldk ihNk dj Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh x;h gS tc fd e`rd o pqVSy efgiky ds 'kjhj ds fiNys Hkkx esa dksbZ pksV ugha ik;h x;h gS blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd ;g ?kVuk vU; fdlh izdkj ls ?kfVr gqbZ gS ,oa vfHk;kstu ds vuqlkj ?kVuk ?kfVr ugha gqbZA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; dk lE;d ifj'khyu ugha fd;k x;kA vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi lansg ls ijs lkfcr ugha gS ,oa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fujLr gksus ;ksX; gSA

fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd ;g ?kVuk ljsvke fnu dh gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa uketn vfHk;qDr gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fcuk fdlh foyEc ds Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj iz'uxr ?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gSA mijksDr lk{khx.k ds c;kuks esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugha vk;k gS ftlls dh mudh lk{; ij vfo'okl fd;k tk ldsA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj djus ds mijkUr [email protected];qDRkx.k dks dfFkr vijk/k ds fy, nks"kh ikrs gq, n.Mkns'k dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gS tks U;k; dh }`f"Vdks.k ls mfpr ,oa fof/k laxr gSA [email protected];qDrx.k dh vihy [kf.Mr gksus ;ksX; gSA

mYys[kuh; gS fd iz'uxr ?kVuk fnukad 18&7&1998 le; djhc 11&00 cts fnu dh crk;h x;h gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ mlh fnu fnukad 18&7&1998 dks le; 12&45 cts fnu Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA e`rd dk iapk;rukek vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 fo'oukFk oekZ fjVk;MZ] mifujh{kd }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA bl lk{kh us iapk;rukek dks izn'kZ d&7 o mlds lkFk layXud izi= izn'kZ d&8 yxk;r izn'kZ d&10 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA iapk;rukes dh dk;Zokgh izkjEHk djus dh fnukad 18&7&1998 ,oa le; 13&20 ih0 ,e0 iapk;rukek esa fn[kk;k x;k gS rFkk dk;Zokgh dh lekfIr fnukad 18&7&1998 le; 15&00 ih0 ,e0 fn[kk;h x;h gSA iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&7 rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr layXud izi= izn'kZ d&8 yxk;r izn'kZ d&10 ij eqdnek vijk/k la[;k rFkk /kkjkvksa dk mYys[k gS blls ;g Li"V gS fd e`rd ds iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh tc izkjEHk dh x;h rc izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vfLrRo esa Fkh ;fn fpV~Bh et:ch ij eqdnek vijk/k la[;k o /kkjkvksa dk mYys[k yky L;kgh ls vafdr gS rFkk pqVSy dks ih0 ,p0 lh0 ijkSj ls ftyk vLirky Qrsgx< fjQj djus dk le; 5&00 cts 'kke fn[kk;k x;k gS rks mlls ;g mi/kkj.kk dk;e ugha dh tk ldrh gS fd ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vfHk;kstu ds dFkukuqlkj le; ij vafdr u dj ,aVh Vkbe dh x;h gksA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g j[kk x;k fd fpV~Bh et:ch esa pqVSy dh pksVksa dk mYys[k ugha gS rks bl lEca/k esa ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd bl eqdnesa dh fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&5 o eqdnek dk;eh ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh izfr izn'kZ d&6 i=koyh ij miyC/k gS ftls vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 fo'oukFk oekZ fjVk;MZ mifujh{kd }kjk dk0 DydZ johUnz dqekj ds ys[k o gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, lkfcr fd;k x;k gSA th0 Mh0 dh izfr izn'kZ d&6 esa oknh pqVSy ds flj esa [kwu vkywnk pksV ik;s tkus dk mYys[k gS blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd eqdnek dk;eh ds le; Fkkus ij fujh{k.k ds le; oknh efgiky ds flj esa [kwu vkywnk pksV ik;h x;h Fkh ftldk bUnzkt Fkkus dh th0 Mh0 esa Hkh fd;k x;k gS ;fn fpV~Bh et:ch rS;kj djrs le; mlesa pqVSy dh pksV dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS rks gekjs fopkj ls ek= mDr vk/kkj ij pqVSy dh pksV ds lEca/k esa lansg djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

tgka rd vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk ;g rdZ fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dh ftjg esa ;g rF; vk;k gS fd og Fkkus ls iqfyl ds lkFk ?kVukLFky ij x;k Fkk vkSj iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh rd og ogha ij jgk gS tc fd et:ch fpV~Bh cukdj mls dk0 losZ'k dqekj ds lkFk MkDVjh ijh{k.k gsrq Hkstus dk mYys[k gS rks ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd pqVSy dh pksV lk/kkj.k izd`fr dh FkhA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn pqVSy iqfyl ds lkFk ?kVukLFky ij tgka mlds HkkbZ dk 'ko iMk Fkk x;k Fkk vkSj iapk;rukes ds le; Hkh og ekStwn jgk rks mlls ;g fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd iz'uxr ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ iapk;rukes dh dk;Zokgh rd vfLrRo esa u gksA pwafd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ds HkkbZ dh gR;k gqbZ Fkh vkSj og bl ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh Fkk vkSj mlus Fkkus ij vkdj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h FkhA ,slh fLFkfr eas mldk Fkkus ls iqfyl ds lkFk ?kVukLFky ij tkuk LokHkkfod FkkA ,slh n'kk esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 dh lk{; rFkk ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gS cfYd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vfHk;kstu ds dFkukuqlkj le; 12&45 cts fnu esa gh Fkkus ij ntZ djk nh x;h FkhA bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ,aVh Vkbe ugha ik;h tkrh gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls bl lEca/k esa j[ks x;s rdZ esa dksbZ cy ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dh pksVksa dks cukoVh ,oa QthZ gksus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g dgk x;k fd pqVSy dks NjsZ dh pksVsa vkuk fl} ugha gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd oknh efgiky us viuh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ;g Li"V mYys[k fd;k gS fd mlds flj esa NjsZ dh pksVsa yxh FkhA bl lk{kh us vius c;ku esa Hkh mlds flj esa cUnwd ds NjsZ yxus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj fnus'k flag }kjk fnukad 18&7&1998 dks le; 7&50 ih0 ,e0 ij vkj0 ,e0 ,y0 vLirky Q:Z[kkckn esa pqVSy efgiky dh pksVks dk MkDVjh ijh{k.k djus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA MkDVj us pqVSy ds 'kjhj ij nks pksVsa ik;s tkus dk mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd ;s pksVsa NjksZ rFkk vU; dqan vkys ls vkuk lEHko gSA ;g ckr vo'; gS fd pqVSy dh pksV la[;k 1 dks tsjs fuxjkuh j[kdj ,Dljs dh lykg nh x;h Fkh ysfdu vfHkys[k ij dksbZ ,Dljs fjiksVZ o iwjd fjiksVZ miyC/k ugha gSA pksV la[;k 1 dks 2 lseh x 1/2 lseh x cksu Mhi n'kkZ;h x;h gS rFkk MkDVj us Hkh bl pqVSy dh pksVksa dks NjsZ rFkk vU; fdlh dqan vkys ls vkuk lEHko dgk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 pqVSy efgiky us Hkkxrs le; mlds flj esaa NjsZ dh pksV yxus dh ckr dgh gS blls ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dks flj esa pksVsa yxh Fkh rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dks ?kVuk ds le; pksVsa vkus ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gS mDr lEca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls fn, x;s rdZ esa ge dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa ?kVuk dk dksbZ Lora= ,oa fu"i{k lk{kh ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj e`rd ds lxs HkkbZ gS rks bl lEca/k esa gekjs fopkj ls ek= e`rd dk fudV lEca/kh gksus ds vk/kkj ij bu lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; dks iw.kZrk frj"d`r djuk vFkok vfo'oluh; eku ysuk mfpr ugha gSA

nkf.Md vihy la[;k 1401&1402 o"kZ 1999 jkT; izfr ,l0 jk;Iik ,oa vU; fu.khZr fnukad 14&2&2006 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%&

6. "The other reason assigned by the High Court in recording acquittal of the accused is that PW-1 and PW-2 were interested witnesses being relations of deceased and no independent witness was examined by the prosecution. By now it is a well established principle of law that testimony of a witness otherwise inspiring confidence cannot be discarded on the ground that he being a relation of the deceased is an interested witnesses. A close relative who is a very natural witness cannot be termed as an interested witness. The term interested postulates that the person concerned must have some direct interest in seeing the accued person being convicted somehow or the other either because of animosity or some other reasons."

iatkc jkT; izfr tqxjkt flag ,oa vU; 2002 ,l0 lh0 lh0 ¼fdzfeuy½ 630 ds ekeys esa Ekkuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd fdlh lk{kh dh lk{; dks ek= lEca/kh gksus ds vk/kkj ij frjLd`r ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,sls lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ftudh mifLFkfr ?kVuk ds le; LokHkkfod gS rFkk mudh lk{; fpfdRlh; lk{; ls leiqf"V gS dks Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us 2012 ¼1½ ts0 lh0 vkj0 lh0 703 vfer cuke jkT; mRrj izns'k esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd "dksbZ Hkh lk{kh dsoy lEca/kh gksus ek= ls fgrc} lk{kh ugha gks tkrkA tc rd lk{kh dks >wBk Qalkus esa fgr fl} ugh fd;k tkrk] rc rd dsoy lEca/kh lk{kh dks vfo'oluh; ugha ekuk tk ldrkA" blh izdkj dh ,d vU; fof/k O;oLFkk ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius 2006 ¼2½ lh0 ,0 vkj0 lqizhe dksVZ ist 742 lqn'kZu jsM~Mh o vU; cuke vkU/kz izns'k esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd "fdlh lk{kh ds lEca/kh gksus ek= ls mldh lk{; dh fo'oluh;rk izHkkfor ugha gksrh gSA ,d lEca/kh okLrfod vijk/kh dks u rks fNik;sxk vkSj u gh fdlh funksZ"k O;fDr dks Qalk;sxkA ;fn >wBk Qalkus dk rdZ fn;k x;k gS rks dksVZ dk nkf;Ro gS fd lk{; dk ewaY;kdu lko/kkuh ls djs vkSj ;fn lk{; Li"V o fo'oluh; gS rks dsoy lEca/kh gksus ek= ls lk{kh dh lk{; dks frjLd`r ugha fd;k tk ldrkA"

vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ,oa vfHk;kstu lk{kh l[;k 2 j?kqoj bl ?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gSaA bu lkf{k;ksa us vius vius c;kuksa esa ?kVuk fdl izdkj ls ?kfVr gqbZ gS mldk Hkyh Hkkafr o.kZu fd;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; e`rd ds lkFk [ksr ij FkkA bl lk{kh us vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; iqRrw vius gkFk esa ykBh fy, mudk yMdk gkFk esa uktk;t cUnwd fy, d`iky o cq/kiky vius vius gkFkksa esa reaps fy, [ksr ij vk;s vkSj cksys fd ftl [ksr dks rqe tksr jgs gks ml [ksr dk cSukek esjk gSA ;g [ksr NksMdj nwljh vksj okyk tksrks rc mlus o mlds HkkbZ us dgk fd ftl [ksr dks ';ke flag [kqn tksrrs Fks mldk gh mlus cSukek djk;k gS mls gh tksr jgk gSA ;g ckr lqudj iqRrw ykBh ysdj nkSMsA jkts'k ds gkFk esa cUnwd rFkk cq/kiky o d`iky vius vius gkFkksa esa dV~Vs ysdj mldh rjQ ekjus ds fy, nkSMsA Qk;j fd;k Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj og o mldk HkkbZ Jhjke xkao dh rjQ HkkxsA iqRrw us dgk fd cpds u fudy ik, ;gh [kRe dj nks jkts'k] cq/kiky] d`iky us mlds HkkbZ Jhjke dks xksyh ekj nh rFkk mlds flj esa NjsZ yxsA Jhjke dh yk'k [ksr esa iMh Fkh Hkkxrs le; mlds flj esa cUnwd ds NjsZ yx x;s ftlls og cky cky cp x;kA bl ?kVuk dks ikl esa /kku dh jksikbZ djrs gq, j?kqoj] jkeiky] jes'k] jkeQy] ';ke fcgkjh vkfn us ns[kkA eqyfteku nf{k.k rjQ Hkkx x;sA ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k fd mlds HkkbZ ds ck;ha vksj Nkrh esa xksyh yxh xksyh jkeukFk ds [ksr esa Hkkxrs gq, ihNk djrs le; ekjh Fkh yxHkx ikSu cts Fkkus tkdj fjiksVZ fy[kk;hA fjiksVZ mlus u;k xkao ds edjUn ls fy[kk;h Fkh mlus tks cksyk Fkk ogh edjUn us fy[kk FkkA fjiksVZ mlus lqudj fu'kkuh vaxwBk yxk;k FkkA bl lk{kh us rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 dks lkfcr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk fd njksxkth us mldk c;ku fy;k Fkk mldk MkDVjh eqvkbuk Qrsgx< esa gqvk FkkA njksxkth us ekSds ij tkdj iapukek Hkjk rFkk yk'k dks lhy djds iksLVekVZe ds fy, ftyk vLirky Qrsgx< Hkst fn;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd og gkftj vnkyr eqyfteku dks igpkurk gS bUgha yksxksa us ekjk FkkA

vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd vkt ls yxHkx nl ekg igys dh ckr gS fnu ds X;kjg cts Fks og jke cgknqj] jes'k] esokjke] jkeQy] ';ke fcgkjh vkfn /kku dh jksikbZ Jhjke ds [ksr esa dj jgs FksA Jhjke o efgiky FkksMh nwj ij vius [ksr esa gy }kjk tqrkbZ dj jgs Fks rHkh iqRrw yky ykBh] jkts'k cUnwd] d`iky o cq/kiky vius gkFkksa esa reaps ysdj vk;s vkSj cksys fd Jhjke o efgiky esjs [ksr esa dSls gy pyk jgs gS bldk cSukek geus djk;k gSA Jhjke us dgk fd ;g [ksr ';ke flag igys ls tksr jgs Fks muls blh [ksr dk cSukek mlus djk;k gS ogha eSa tksr jgk gwaA ;g Hkh dgk fd ge yksx dke NksMdj yid dj ns[kk fd Jhjke o efgiky gy NksMdj xkao dh rjQ nkSMs rc iqRrw us dgk fd ?ksj yks cp u ik, tku ls ekj nksA rHkh jkts'k] d`iky o cq/kiky us viuh cUnwd o reapks ls Qk;j fd;s tc rd os yksx jke izlkn ds [kkyh [ksr esa yxs ihiy ds isM ds ikl igqap ik;s Fks fd Jhjke o efgiky dks jkeukFk ds [ksr esa fxjk fn;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd gkftj vnkyr eqyfteku us gh Qk;j djds Jhjke dks xksyh ls ekj fn;k rFkk efgiky ds flj esa NjsZ yxsA ge yksxksa us yydkjk rks eqyfteku nf{k.k rjQ Hkkx x;sA

mYys[kuh; gS fd mijksDr nksuks lk{khx.k ls cpko i{k dh vksj ls foLr`r ftjg dh x;h ijUrq muds ftjg esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugha vk;k ftlls dh mijksDr lk{khx.k dh ekSds ij mifLFkfr ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k tk ldsA mijksDr nksuks lk{khx.k dh lk{; ls ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;qDrx.k vius vius gkFkksa esa gfFk;kj ysdj [ksr ij igqaps tgka ij e`rd o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky tksrkbZ dj jgs FksA vfHk;qDrx.k us mUgsa [ksr tksrus ls jksdk vkSj muds ;g dgus ij fd mUgksusa ';ke flag ds fgLls dh tehu [kjhnh gS vkSj mlh ij tksrkbZ dj jgs gSa blh ckr ij [email protected];qDr iqRrw vius gkFk esa ykBh ysdj jkts'k cUnwd rFkk cq/kiky o d`iky vius vius gkFkksa esa dV~Vs ysdj efgiky dks ekjus ds fy, nkSMsA Qk;j fd;k Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj efgiky o mldk HkkbZ Jhjke ¼e`rd½ xkao dh rjQ HkkxsA iqRrw us dgk fd cpds u fudy ik, ;gha [kRe dj nks rks jkts'k] cq/kiky] d`iky us oknh ds HkkbZ Jhjke dks xksyh ekj nh rFkk oknh ds flj esa cUnwd ds Njs yxsA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd e`rd dks xksyh jkeukFk ds [ksr esa Hkkxrs gq, ihNk djrs le; ekjus dh ckr dgh x;h gS rFkk jkeukFk ds [ksr esa gh iapk;rukek ds le; e`rd dk 'ko Hkh ik;k x;k gSA

foospukf/kdkjh us ?kVukLFky ij tkdj ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k dj uD'kk utjh Hkh rS;kj fd;k gSA uD'kk utjh esa fookfnr [ksr dks v{kj Mh- ls fn[kk;k x;k gS rFkk e`rd dk 'ko jkeukFk ds [ksr esa ftl LFkku ij ik;k x;k gS ml LFkku dks v{kj ,- ls n'kkZ;k x;k gS rFkk Mh- LFkku ls ,- LFkku dh nwjh djhc ,d Qykax n'kkZ;h x;h gSA

vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd efgiky us vius c;ku esa ftl [ksr ls os Hkkxs Fks vkSj ftl [ksr esa mldk HkkbZ ¼e`rd½ fxjk Fkk ml chp dh nwjh 50 dne crk;h gS rks gekjs fopkj ls ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVukLFky dh nwjh ds lEca/k esa rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dh lk{; ij vfo'okl djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gS D;kasfd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ,d fcuk i cpko i{k dh vksj ls Mh0 Mcyw0 2 ds :i esa jke d`".k] ys[kiky dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS bl lk{kh us vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd og vius lkFk xzke fiijebZ dk [kljk yk;k gSA [kljk ua0 497 {ks=Qy 0-433 gs0 gS tks ,d ,dM lkr fM'kfey gS bldk [kljk lkFk yk;k gwa rFkk xzke dk uD'kk Hkh lkFk yk;k gwa mlds lkFk xzke iapnsofj;k ds ys[kiky vk;s gS rFkk muds xzke dk vly Hkwfp= Hkh mlds lkeus gS rFkk [kljk Hkh mlds lkeus gSA xzke fiijebZ ds [ksr [kljk ua0 497 ls xzke iapnsofj;k okys [ksr xkVk la[;k 261 ds e/; 8 [ksr chp esa gS rFkk bldh nwjh djhc 225 ehVj gSA xkVk la[;k 261 jkeukFk vkfn ds uke gSA bl izdkj bl lk{kh us fookfnr [ksr [kljk ua0 497 ls xkVk la[;k 261 jkeukFk ds [ksr ds chp dh nwjh 225 ehVj crk;h gSA foospukf/kdkjh us Hkh vius uD'kk utjh esa fookfnr [ksr ls RkFkk ftl LFkku ij e`rd dks xksyh ekjh x;h mu LFkkuksa ds chp dh nwjh djhc ,d QykZax crk;h gS blls ;g Li"V gS fd fookfnr [ksr tgka ls eqyfteku us e`rd o oknh efgiky dk ihNk dj nkSMkdj jkeukFk ds [ksr esa xksyh ekjh Fkh mldh nwjh djhc 225 ehVj ys[kiky }kjk crk;h x;h gSA blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd e`rd rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky vius [ksr ls tc Hkkxdj jkeukFk ds [ksr rd igqaps ogha ij e`rd dks xksyh ekjh x;hA ;fn nwjh ds lEca/k esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 ds c;ku esa dksbZ folaxfr vk;h gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVukLFky o ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd foospukf/kdkjh us viuh ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd mls ?kVukLFky ij gy] cSy ugh feys rFkk tksrkbZ ds fu'kku ugha feys vkSj fookfnr LFky ij mls dgha ?kkl Hkh ugha feyh tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky }kjk [ksr dh esM ij ?kkl bdV~Bk djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA ,slh n'kk esa dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; oknh o e`rd dk dfFkr [ksr ij tkuk o tksrkbZ dk dk;Z djuk lkfcr ugha gS rks gekjs fopkj ls ek= mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugh gksrk gSA ;g ?kVuk fnu ds X;kjg cts dh crk;h x;h gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds i'pkr foospukf/kdkjh ¼vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6½ iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh gsrq ekSds ij igqaps FksA foospukf/kdkjh ds ekSds ij igqapus rd [ksr ls gy cSy dks gVk;k tk ldrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn [ksr ij foospukf/kdkjh dks gy cSy ugh feys rks mlls ?kVuk dh dgkuh ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg dk vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA ;fn esM ij foospukf/kdkjh dks dksbZ ?kkl ugha feyh rks mlls Hkh gekjs fopkj ls ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA pwafd ;g ?kVuk tqykbZ ekg dh crk;h x;h gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ds c;ku esa ;g rF; vk;k gS fd /kku dh jksikbZ gsrq [ksr tksrk tk jgk Fkk rFkk lkekU;rk /kku dh tksrkbZ gsrq [ksr esa ikuh jgrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn [ksr esa tksrkbZ ds fu'kku ugh feys rks rc Hkh ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj ikl ds gh [ksr esa /kku dh jksikbZ dj jgk Fkk blfy, mldk Hkh ?kVuk ns[kuk LokHkkfod gS vkSj ;fn bl ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa fdlh Lora= ,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij mijksDr nksuks vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj dh lk{; ij lansg djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; e`rd ds lkFk ekStwn Fkk vkSj mlus ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ mldk iw.kZ fooj.k vius c;ku esa fn;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj tks ogha ikl ds gh [ksr esa /kku dh jksikbZ dj jgk Fkk mlus Hkh ?kVuk ns[kus ds rF; dh Hkyh Hkkafr iqf"V dh gSA ;g ckr vo'; gS fd mijksDr lk{khx.k e`rd ds HkkbZ gS ysfdu mijksDr nksuks lkf{k;ksa dh lEiw.kZ lk{; ij lko/kkuh iwoZd fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge bl er ds gSa fd mijksDr nksuks lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij lansg djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gS cfYd mijksDr nksuks lkf{k;ksa dh dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij mifLFkfr fl} gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky pqVSy gS vkSj mls bl ?kVuk esa pksV Hkh vk;h gS rFkk dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; mls pksV vkuk fl} gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw us dqaty vkfn ds fo:} ,d izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ /kkjk 147] 148] 149] 307 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ntZ djk;h Fkh ftldk l= ijh{k.k la[;k 269 o"kZ 1974 jkT; izfr NksVs vkfn pyk Fkk tks fnukad 21&9&1977 dks fu.khZr gqvkA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw ds HkkbZ }kfjdk us Hkh ,d eqdnek daqty ds fo:} /kkjk 380 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ntZ djk;k FkkA daqty dh e`R;q ds mijkUr mldh iRuh tkfo=h dks vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky us crkSj iRuh j[k fy;k FkkA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw xkao lHkk dk lnL; Fkk vkSj mldh v/;{krk esa xzke lekt esa iV~Vs dh ehfVax gqbZ ftlesa oknh efgiky o mlds HkkbZ j?kqoj dks iV~Vk ugh feyk blh dkj.k ls os jaft'k j[krs Fks rks gekjs fopkj ls ;fn vihykFkhZ iqRrw dh dksbZ jaft'k daqty vkfn ls Fkh rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij oknh efgiky }kjk vihykFkhZx.k dks bl rjg >wBk Qalkuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha yxrk gSA dksbZ O;fDr fdlh nwljs dh jaft'k ds dkj.k vius HkkbZ dh gR;k ds ekeys esa vU; fdlh funksZ"k dks >wBk ugha Qalk;sxk fQj oknh efgiky }kjk dqaty dh iRuh dks j[kus ds rF; ls badkj Hkh fd;k x;k gSA cpko i{k dh vksj ls cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i esa jkes'oj n;ky dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA bl lk{kh us vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd dqaty mQZ dqat fcgkjh dks ejs djhc 30&32 lky gks pqds gSA dqaty mQZ daqt fcgkjh dh iRuh dk uke tkfo=h gSA daqty mQZ dqat fcgkjh dh ekSr ds ckn tkfo=h efgiky dks cSB x;h rFkk crkSj iRuh jgus yxhA bl lk{kh us viuh ftjg esa dgk gS fd tkfo=h dqat fcgkjh mQZ dqaty dh iRuh gS bldk dksbZ fyf[kr vfHkys[k nkf[ky ugha fd;k vkSj u nkf[ky dj ldrk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd oknh efgiky }kjk daqty dh iRuh ls 'kknh djus ;k mls j[kus ds rF; ls badkj fd;k x;k gSA mijksDr leLr rF; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, gekjs fopkj ls cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 jkes'oj n;ky dh lk{; ls Hkh vihykFkhZx.k dks dksbZ ykHk izkIr ugha gksrk gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd iksLVekVZe ds le; e`rd dh pksV la[;k 1 tks vkXus;kL= ds izos'k ?kko ds :i esa Fkh mlds pkjksa rjQ dkfyek o >qylu ekStwn Fkh rFkk ?kko ds vUnj ls ,d osfMax nks fVdyh rFkk 12 iSyV~l NksVs fudys Fks blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd e`rd dks dkQh utnhd ls djhc ,d fQV dh nwjh ls Qk;j djds pksV igqapk;h x;h Fkh tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky }kjk ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd e`rd dks nkSMkdj ihNk djrs gq, xksyh ekjh x;h FkhA ;fn e`rd dks ihNk djus dh fLFkfr esa Qk;j dh pksV yxh gksrh rks og mlds 'kjhj ds fiNys fgLls esa vkrh tc fd ;g pksV e`rd ds ck;sa lhus ij ik;h x;h gS blls Hkh vfHk;kstu dFkkud lafnX/k izrhr gksrk gS rks gekjs fopkj ls vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls j[ks x;s mDr rdZ esa dksbZ cy izrhr ugha gksrk gS D;ksafd lkekU;rk tc fdlh O;fDr dk ihNk fd;k tkrk gS rks Hkkxus okyk O;fDr fuf'pr :i ls vius cpko gsrq ihNk djus okys O;fDr dh fLFkfr dks tkuus ds fy, ihNs eqMdj Hkh ns[krk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky ¼pqVSy½ us vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw us dgk fd cpdj u fudy ik;s ;gha [kRe dj nks jkts'k] cq/kiky o d`iky us mlds HkkbZ Jhjke dks xksyh ekj nh rFkk NjsZ mlds flj esa yxsA pwafd vihykFkhZx.k e`rd dk ihNk dj jgs Fks blfy, vihykFkhZx.k }kjk e`rd ds utnhd igqapdj ml ij Qk;j djuk LokHkkfod gSA ;fn e`rd dh pksV ij dkfyek o >qylu ik;h x;h gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dFkkud ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd e`rd dks rhu yksxksa }kjk xksyh ekjus dh ckr dgh x;h gS tc fd e`rd dks vkXus;kL= dh dsoy ,d pksV ik;h x;h gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 j?kqoj }kjk ;g ugh crk;k x;k fd fdl vfHk;qDr dk Qk;j e`rd dks yxk rks gekjs fopkj ls mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dFkkud ij lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSSA lk{; esa ;g vk;k gS fd vihykFkhZ iqRrw ds mdlkus ij vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k] cq/kiky o d`iky us e`rd dks xksyh ekjhA mijksDr rhuksa vihykFkhZx.k ds gkFkksa esa cUnwd rFkk dV~Vs crk;s x;s gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k gfFk;kj ysdj e`rd dk ihNk dj jgs Fks vkSj ihNk dj e`rd dks xksyh ekj nh blls ;g Li"V gS fd bl ?kVuk dks dkfjr djus esa lHkh vihykFkhZx.k dk lkekU; vk'k; Fkk vkSj lkekU; vk'k; ds vxzlkj.k esa vihykFkhZx.k }kjk e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr dh x;h FkhA ;fn e`rd ds 'kjhj ij vkXus;kL= dh ,d pksV ik;h x;h gS rks mDr vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZx.k dh iz'uxr izdj.k esa lafyIrrk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

nkf.Md vihy la[;k 507 ,oa 1369 o"kZ 2007 ,oa 539&540 o"kZ 2011 ';key ?kks"k izfr jkT; osLV caxky fu.khZr fnukad 11&7&2012 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%&

"64. Upon analysis of the above judgments and in particular the judgment of this Court in the case of Dharnidhar v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors. (MANU/SC/0480/2010 : (2010) 7 scc 759), it is clear that Section 34 Indian Penal Code applies where two or more accused are present and two factors must be established i.e. common intention and participation of the accused in the crime. Section 34 Indian Penal Code moreover, involves vicarious liability and therefore, if the intention is proved but no overt act was committed, the Section can still be invoked. This provision carves out an exception from general law that a person is responsible for his own act, as it provides that a person can also be held vicariously responsible for the act of others, if he had the common intention to commit the act. The phrase 'common intention' means a pre-oriented plan and acting in pursuance to the plan, thus, common intention must exist prior to the commission of the act in a point of time. The common intention to give effect to a particular act may even develop at the spur of moment between a number of persons with reference to the facts of a given case."

iz'uxr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZ iqRrw ds gkFk esa ykBh rFkk vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k] cq/kiky o d`iky ds gkFkksa esa cUnwd o reaps crk;s x;s gS rFkk vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk e`rd o oknh dks nkSMkdj e`rd dks xksyh ekjuk crk;k x;k gSA bl izdj.k esa oknh efgiky dks Hkh NjksZa dh pksVsa vkuk crk;k x;k gSA mijksDr ls ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd ;g ?kVuk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk lkekU; vk'k; ds vxzlkj.k esa dkfjr dh x;h FkhA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn e`rd dks vkXus;kL= dh dsoy ,d pksV vk;h gS rks mDr vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZx.k dks dksbZ ykHk izkIr ugha gksrk gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k dh lafyIrrk ds lEca/k esa Hkh lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gS cfYd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;gh Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k }kjk ,d jk; gksdj lkekU; vk'k; ds vxzlkj.k esa e`rd dks xksyh ekjdj mldh gR;k dj nh x;h rFkk oknh efgiky dks Hkh pksVsa igqapk;hA ,slh n'kk esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls mDr lEca/k esa j[ks x;s rdZ esa dksbZ cy izrhr ugha gksrk gSA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd iksLVekVZe ds le; e`rd ds vek'k; esa isLVh QwM eSVj o xSlsl rFkk NksVh vkar esa isLVh QwM eSVj o xSlsl rFkk cMh vkar esa isLVh QwM eSVj o fQdy eSVj ik;s x;s gS tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky us viuh ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd tc os yksx [ksr tksrus x;s Fks rc [kkuk [kkdj ugha x;s FksA mYys[kuh; gS fd lkekU;r% etnwj ;k fdlku tc Hkh [ksr ij dke djus tkrs gS rks os lqcg ?kj ls dqN u dqN [kkdj tkrs gSa rFkk uk'rk Hkh djds tkrs gSA ;fn vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 efgiky dh ftjg esa ;g rF; vk;k gS fd ?kVuk okys fnu os ?kj ls [kkuk [kkdj ugha x;s Fks rks ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd e`rd ?kVuk ds fnu ?kj ls uk'rk djds u x;k gksA pwafd e`rd 'kknh'kqnk O;fDr Fkk mldh iRuh Hkh ?kj esa FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g gks ldrk gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 dh xSj tkudkjh esa e`rd us dqN [kkuk [kk;k gks vFkok uk'rk fd;k gksA ,slh n'kk esa Hkh vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls fn, x;s mDr rdZ esa dksbZ cy izrhr ugha gksrk gSA

bl ?kVuk ds ihNs [ksr dk fookn crk;k x;k gSA vfHk;qDr i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr ewy cSukek izn'kZ [k&1 tks i=koyh ij miyC/k gS mlds voyksdu ls ;g fofnr gksrk gS fd [kwaVs flag mQZ txnh'k flag us [kljk la[;k 497 jdck 1&07 fM'kfey esa ls vius fgLls dh Hkwfe dk cSukek lk/kw flag iq= jkepUnz o jke 'kju rFkk ;kn jke iq=x.k eksgde ds gd esa fu"ikfnr fd;k FkkA iz'uxr Hkwfe ds lEca/k esa oknh i{k ds gd esa Hkh jke flag mQZ ';ke flag }kjk fu"ikfnr fd;s x;s cSukesa dh lR;izfrfyfi izn'kZ [k&2 vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls nkf[ky dh x;h gS ftlds voyksdu ls ;g fofnr gksrk gS fd jke flag mQZ ';ke flag us [kljk la[;k 497 jdck 1&07 fM'kfey esa ls vius [email protected] Hkkx dk cSukek oknh efgiky dh iRuh tkfo=h nsoh rFkk Jhjke ¼e`rd½ ds gd esa fu"ikfnr fd;k Fkk blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ d`iky iq= eksgde ds HkkbZ jke 'kju o ;kn jke rFkk lk/kw flag iq= jke pUnz us iz'uxr Hkwfe esa ls [kwaVs flag mQZ txnh'k flag dk vk/kk fgLlk [kjhnk Fkk RkFkk oknh dh iRuh ,oa e`rd }kjk jke flag mQZ ';ke flag dk vk/kk fgLlk dz; fd;k x;k Fkk bl izdkj bl izdj.k esa tks tehu dk fookn crk;k x;k gS rFkk ?kVuk ds ihNs tks gsrqd j[kk x;k gS og Li"V gS rFkk lk{; ls Hkh fl} gS oSls Hkh tgka ij ?kVuk dh izR;{kn'khZ lk{; miyC/k gks ogka ?kVuk ds gsrqd dk dksbZ fo'ks"k egRo ugha jg tkrk gSA ;g izdj.k izR;{kn'khZ lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSA ?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij vfo'okl djus dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gS rFkk bl izdj.k esa vihykFkhZx.k dks >wBk Qalk;s tkus dh dksbZ lEHkkouk ugha ik;h tkrh gS cfYd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;gh lkfcr gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZx.k us tehu ds fookn dh ckr dks ysdj ,d jk; gksdj e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr dj nh rFkk oknh dks Hkh pksVsa igqapk;hA

vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g j[kk x;k fd izLrqr ekeys esa vihykFkhZx.k ds dCts ls fdlh gfFk;kj dh cjkenxh ugha crk;h x;h gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 ,l0 ,p0 vks0 lR;ohj flag ¼foospukf/kdkjh½ ds c;ku esa ;g vk;k gS fd vfHk;qDrx.k U;k;ky; esa vkReleZi.k dj tsy pys x;s FksA foospukf/kdkjh us tsy esa tkdj vfHk;qDrx.k dk c;ku vafdr fd;k rFkk mUgsa iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa ysus gsrq iz;kl fd;k ijUrq U;k;ky; ls vuqefr ugha feyhA pwafd vihykFkhZx.k vkReleZi.k dj tsy pys x;s Fks ,oa foospukf/kdkjh dks mUgsa iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa ysus gsrq vuqefr izkIr ugha gqbZ FkhA ,slh n'kk esa vfHk;qDrx.k ds dCts vFkok muds fu'kkunsgh ij gfFk;kj dh cjkenxh dh dksbZ lEHkkouk ugha Fkh vr,o izLrqr ekeys esa vihykFkhZx.k ds dCts ls fdlh gfFk;kj dh cjkenxh ugha gqbZ gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dFkkud ij lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA

i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge blh er ds gSa fd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;g Hkyh Hkkafr fl} gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ,d jk; gksdj lkekU; vk'k; ds vxzlkj.k esa e`rd dh gR;k dj nh rFkk oknh efgiky dks Hkh pksVsa igqapk;hA ,slh n'kk esa ge fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa fu"d"kksZa esa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSaA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kfl} ikrs gq, rnuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ge dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSaA

bl vihy esa dksbZ cy ugha gS ,oa fujLr gksus ;ksX; gS rnuqlkj ;g nkf.Md vihy fujLr dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr nks"kflf} ,oa n.Mkns'k dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA

vihykFkhZx.k jkts'k dqekj] cq/kiky o d`iky tsy esa fu:} gS mUgsa ltk Hkqxrus gsrq ;Fkkor fu:} j[kk tk,A

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