Rajasthan High Court - Jodhpur

Shyodutt vs Dinesh (2025:Rj-Jd:34373) on 5 August, 2025

Author: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

Bench: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

[2025:RJ-JD:34373]

       HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT
                            JODHPUR
             S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 125/2023

 Shyodutt S/o Late Shri Nathu Ram, Aged About 78 Years, R/o
 Pakkasarna, Tehsil And Disitrict Hanumangarh (Rajasthan).
                                                    ----Appellant
                               Versus
 1.    Dinesh S/o Shri Devendrakant (Mother Late Smt.
       Rajnidevi D/o Late Shri Hariram), R/o Chak 15 HMH,
       Hanumangarh Town, Tehsil And District Hanumangarh
       (Rajasthan).
 2.    Gauri D/o Shri Devendrakant (Mother Late Smt. Rajnidevi
       D/o Late Shri Hariram), R/o Chak 15 HMH, Hanumangarh
       Town, Tehsil And Disitrict Hanumangarh (Rajasthan).
 3.    Devendrakant S/o Shri Ramswaroop, R/o Chak 15 HMH,
       Hanumangarh Town, Tehsil And Disitrict Hanumangarh
       (Rajasthan).
                                                ----Respondents


For Appellant(s)              :     Mr. Sandeep Bishnoi
                                    Mr. Trilok Joshi
For Respondent(s)             :     Mr. MK Vyas
                                    Mr. Devi Singh


      HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT

Judgment

Reserved on 16/07/2025 Pronounced on 05/08/2025

01- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g f}rh; vihy fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&2] guqekux<+ ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 03-06-2023 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gSA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] guqekux<+ ds fMØh o fu.kZ; fnukad 20-08-2020 ftlds }kjk okn [kkfjt fd;k x;k Fkk] ml fu.kZ; o fMØh dks fujLr djrs gq, vihy vihykFkhZ&oknh Lohdkj dj okn fMØh fd;k x;k gSA

02- la{ksi esa ekeys ds rF; bl izdkj ls gSa fd oknh@izR;FkhZ }kjk ,d okn&i= izLrqr dj ;g fuosnu fd;k fd oknhx.k 1 o 2 dh ekrk o oknh la[;k 3 dh /keZiRuh Jherh jtuh nsoh iq=h gjhjke dk nsgkar fnukad 07-02-2012 dks gqvk vkSj oknhx.k mlds mRrjkf/kdkjh gSA jtuh nsoh ds firk gfjjke dh ,dy [kkrsnkjh dh d`f"k Hkwfe pd 29 ,e,eds rglhy guqekux<+ esa [kkrk la[;k 53@49 esa iRFkj uEcj 73@208 eq-ua- ¼11½] iRFkj uEcj 73@209 eq-ua- ¼20½] iRFkj uEcj 72@209] eq-ua- ¼21½ dqy 29-16 ch?kk vFkkZr 7-539 gSDVs;j Hkwfe gSA

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (2 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

03- oknh@izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd gjhjke th dh dSalj dh chekjh ds dkj.k ,oa ekufld ,oa 'kkjhfjd :i ls vR;ar {kh.k voLFkk esa fnukad 08-02-99 dks chdkusj esa nsgkar gks x;kA gjhjke ds dksbZ iq= ugha Fkk] ,dek= iq=h jtuh nsoh FkhA gjhjke dh e`R;q ds i'pkr muds izFke Js.kh ds okfjl mudh /keZiRuh Jherh ukFkh nsoh o iq=h jtuh nsoh gq,A jtuh nsoh vius firk ds nsgkar ds le; 'kknh'kqnk Fkh vkSj ukFkh nsoh vius nsoj izfroknh ds ifjokj ds lkFk jgrh FkhA izfroknh dh /keZiRuh fyNeknsoh o Jherh ukFkhnsoh lxh cfgusa FkhA ukFkh nsoh dk nsgkar fnukad 20-03-2013 dks gqvkA oknhx.k us Jherh ukFkhnsoh ds nsgkar ds mijkar mDRk Hkwfe dk fojkLru bUrdky ntZ djokus gsrq iVokjh gYdk ls lEidZ fd;k rks oknhx.k dks Kkr gqvk fd iz'uxr 29 ch?kk 16 fcLok Hkwfe esa ls 21 ch?kk vFkkZr 5-313 gSDVs;j Hkwfe izfroknh ds uke jktLo vfHkys[k esa ntZ gSA iqjkus vfHkys[k dh tkap djus ij Kkr gqvk fd dfFkr nLrkost R;kxi= fnukad 29-01-99 ds vk/kkj ij Lo- gjhjke dh ,dy [kkrsnkjh Hkwfe esa ls iz'uxr 21 ch?kk Hkwfe Nqis rkSj ij izfroknh us vius uke ntZ djok yhA

04- izfroknh ukFkh nsoh ds thoudky esa mDRk Hkwfe dh Qly Jherh ukFknsoh dks nsrs jgs vkSj mudh vui<+ ,oa fo/kokoLFkk dk vuqfpr ykHk mBkdj csbZekuhiwoZd ;g Hkwfe jktLo vfHkys[k esa vius uke ntZ gksus ds rF; dks Nqik;s j[kkA rFkkdfFkr nLrkost R;kx&i= xyr] fof/k fo:)] vd`r ,oa 'kwU; nLrkost gksus vkSj oknhx.k ds fgrksa ij Hkh fu"izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djkus dk oknhx.k fof/klEer vf/kdkjh gksuk crk;kA var esa fofHkUu vk/kkj of.kZr djrs gq, nLrkost R;kx&i= fnukad 29-01-1999 dks voS/k] 'kwU; ,oa vd`r ?kksf"kr fd, tkus vkSj oknhx.kksa ds fgrksa ds izfr fu"izHkkoh ,oa izo`rghu ?kksf"kr fd, tkus dh izkFkZuk dh vkSj miiath;d guqekux<+ ds le{k iathc) nLrkost ij fujLrh dk uksV vafdr djus dk vkns'k tkjh djuss dk fuosnu fd;k vkSj LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk Hkh tkjh fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 05- izfroknh@vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls tokcnkok izLrqr dj ;g fuosnu fd;k fd oknhx.k ds ukuk gjhjke dks vius firk LoxhZ; uFkh;k iq= Jh /khjk ls fooknxzLr lEifRr U;kxr gksdj foHkktu }kjk izkIr gqbZ FkhA bl otg ls ;g Hkwfe Jh gjhjke dh Lo%vftZr Hkwfe ds :i esa ifjofrZr gks xbZ FkhA iwoZ esa uFkh;k ds uke ls ntZ Fkh] mlds i'pkr muds iq=ksa ds uke ls lgfgLlsnkjh esa ukekUrfjr gqbZA rRi'pkr foHkktu ls gjhjke ds uke ntZ gqbZA gjhjke dh e`R;q fnukad 08-02-99 dks gksuk Lohdkj fd;k x;k vkSj izfroknh dh /keZiRuh fyNek nsoh o Jherh ukFkh nsoh nksuksa lxh cgusa gksuk Lohdkj fd;k x;k vkSj ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k fd gjhjke dh ,d

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (3 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

ek= iq=h jtuh nsoh FkhA tokc esa ;g fuosnu fd;k fd jtuh nsoh dk nsgkar fnukad 07-02-2012 dks o ukFkh nsoh dk nsgkar fnukad 20-03-2013 dks gqvk vkSj R;kx&i= fnukad 29-01-1999 ds ckjs esa Jherh ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks izkjEHk ls gh Kku FkkA ftUgksaus bl vUrj.k ds laca/k esa lgefr trkbZ Fkh vkSj blds laca/k esa dHkh dksbZ fojks/k ugha fd;kA ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd izfroknh ds i{k esa 21 ch?kk Hkwfe ds bUrdky dks gq, 16 o"kZ ls vf/kd dh vof/k gks pqdh gSA nLrkost iathc) nLrkost gksuk vkSj nku&i= ds rkSj ij fof/kd ekU;rk gksuk vius vfHkopu esa fuosnu fd;k x;k vkSj gjhjke }kjk viuh d`f"k Hkwfe dk gd R;kx izfroknh ds i{k esa fd, tkus esa dksbZ dkuwuh ck/kk ugha gksuk crk;kA var esa fofHkUu vk/kkj of.kZr djrs gq, okn&i= [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 06- oknh@izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls tkokcqy tokc izLrqr dj bl rF; dks fujk/kkj o vlR; crk;k fd Jherh ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks nLrkost R;kx&i= fnukad 29-01-99 o bl nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij ntZ gq;s bUrdky dk izkjEHk ls gh Kku gks vkSj mUgksaus bl vUrj.k foys[k ds laca/k esa lgefr n'kkZbZ gks o dHkh fojks/k u fd;k gksA cfYd ;g Li"V tokcnsgh tokcqy tokc esa dh xbZ fd iz'uxr nLrkost R;kx&i= o bl nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij ntZ bUrdky ds rF; dks izfroknh us LoxhZ; Jherh ukFkh nsoh o LoxhZ; Jherh jtuh nsoh ds thoudky esa Nqik;s j[kk rFkk blh otg ls izfroknh us 'ks"k cph 2-226 gSDVs;j Hkwfe ds fojkLru bUrdky dh dk;Zokgh ugha dh rkfd Lo- gjhjke ds mDr nksuksa okfjlku dks dfFkr 5-313 gSDVs;j Hkwfe vFkkZr 21 ch?kk Hkwfe ds laca/k esa xqIr :i ls dh xbZ "kM~;U=iw.kZ dk;Zokgh dk Kku u gks lds] ;fn izfroknh ds vuqlkj ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks nLrkost R;kx&i= dh tkudkjh gksrh vkSj os lger gksrs rks fuf'pr :i ls 'ks"k 2-226 gSDVs;j Hkwfe dk fojkLru bUrdky Hkh rRle; djok;k tkrkA var esa okn&i= fMØh fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA

07- i{kdkjku ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij dqy 7 fook+|d dk;e fd, x,A i{kdkjku dh lk{; ds i'pkr cgl vafre lquh tkdj fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] guqekux<+ }kjk vius fu.kZ; o fMØh 20-08-2020 ds }kjk fook+|d la[;k 1] 2 o 3 dk fu.kZ; oknh@izR;FkhZ ds fo:) o izfroknh@vihykFkhZ ds i{k esa fd;k x;k rFkk fook+|d la[;k 4 ls 6 izfroknh@vihykFkhZ ds fo:) o oknh@izR;FkhZ ds i{k esa fd;k x;k vkSj okn oknh fo:) izfroknh [kkfjt fd;k x;kA

08- oknh }kjk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; esa vihy dh xbZA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls fook|d la[;k 4 ls 6 ds fu.kZ;ksa dks pqukSrh nsrs gq,

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (4 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

dksbZ Øksl vihy ugha dh xbZ u gh Øksl vkCtsD'ku fd;k x;kA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&2] guqekux<+ }kjk vius fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 03-06-2023 ds }kjk fook|+d la[;k 1 o 2 dk fu.kZ; oknh@izR;FkhZ ds i{k esa fd;k x;k vkSj vihy vihykFkhZ Lohdkj dj nLrkost R;kx&i= fnukafdr 29-01- 1999 dks oknhx.k ds vf/kdkjksa ij voS/k] 'kwU; ,oa vd`r ?kksf"kr fd, tkus dk vkns'k fd;k x;k vkSj nLrkost ds fujLrhdj.k dk uksV miiath;d] guqekux<+ ds dk;kZy; esa fd, tkus dk vkns'k fd;k x;k o LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ikfjr dh xbZ] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZA

09- vihykFkhZ }kjk viuh vihy esa ;g fuosnu fd;k fd vihykFkhZ@izfroknh e`rd gjhjke dk lxk HkkbZ Fkk vkSj nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dh ifRu;ka lxh cgus Fkha vkil esa izse Fkk blfy, xys ds dSalj dh tkudkjh gksus ij nLrkost R;kx&i= fnukafdr 29-01-1999 dks fy[kk;k x;k vkSj viuh iq=h ds fy, Hkh fgLlk vyx ls NksM+k x;kA tks vius Lora= bPNk ls nLrkost gjhjke th dh vksj ls fy[kk x;kA gjhjke dh e`R;q fnukad 08-02-1999 dks gqbZA mudh e`R;q ds i'pkr gjhjke ds izFke Js.kh ds okfjlku }kjk vius thoudky esa viuk fgLlk Dyse ugha fd;k o nLrkost fnukafdr 29-01-1999 ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gkfly j[krs Fks] ftlesa gjhjke dh iRuh o iq=h FkhA ftUgksaus dHkh Hkh nLrkost fnukafdr 29-01-1999 dks pqukSrh ugha nhA gjhjke o vihykFkhZ lkFk&lkFk jgrs Fks vkSj gjhjke ds dksbZ iq= ugha gksus ls gh nLrkost 29-01-1999 dks fy[kk;k x;k FkkA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/klEer ugha gksuk crk;kA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds bl fu.kZ; dks xyr crk;k fd release deed dsoy co-sharer of the property ds e/; gh gks ldrh gSA var esa dqy 7 lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼ Substantial question of law½ izLrkfor fd, x,A

10- bl ekeys esa cgl ,Mfe'ku lquh tkdj fnukad 03-01-2024 dks fuEukuqlkj 5 lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ cuk, x, vkSj vihy fopkjkFkZ xzg.k dh xbZ%&

(i) Whether the plaintiffs were estopped from challenging the relinquishment deed dated 29.01.1999 as the same was not challenged by the first class heirs i.e. the wife and the daughter of Shri Hariram, during their lifetime?

(ii) whether the suit in question was not barred by law of limitation?

(iii) Whether the learned first appellate court erred in holding the property in question to be a self acquired property contrary to the

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (5 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

relinquishment deed wherein Hariram himself mentioned the same to be an ancestral property inherited by him?

(iv) Whether a brother would not fall in the category of a co-owner/co-parcener and whether a property received in inheritance cannot be relinquished in his favour ?

(V) Whether the handing over of possession of the property would not amount to a valid acceptance of a gift?

11- bl ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 25-11-2024 ij fopkj djrs gq, 01-05-2025 dks ;g r; fd;k x;k fd bl ekeys esa vafre cgl lquh tkdj izdj.k dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk,xkA

12- rRi'pkr fnukad 12-07-2025 o 16-07-2025 dks bl ekeys esa vafre cgl lquh xbZA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/klEer ugha gksuk crkrs gq, izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k vkSj ;g fuosnu fd;k fd rFkkdfFkr release deed vihykFkhZ ds HkkbZ }kjk izfroknh ds i{k esa I;kj o Lusg ds o'k dh xbZ Fkh] tks fof/klEer FkhA Release deed dks] Gift deed Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA gjhjke

th }kjk 21 ch?kk dh release deed vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds i{k esa dh vkSj 'ks"k fgLlk viuh iq=h ds fy, NksM+kA D;ksafd gjhjke th ds dksbZ iq= ugha FkkA gjhjke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr gjhjke ds izFke Js.kh ds okfjl mldh iRuh ukFkh o iq=h jtuh nsoh gq,A ftuds }kjk release deed dks pqukSrh ugha nh xbZA ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks release deed fnukafdr 29-01-1999 dh tkudkjh Fkh vkSj os mlls lger Fks] ,slh lwjr esa oknhx.k@izR;FkhZ dks bl release deed dks pqukSrh nsus dk vf/kdkj gkfly ugha FkkA os release deed dks pqukSrh nsus ls focaf/kr ¼estopped½ gSA gjhjke th dks vius firk ls lEifRr izkIr gqbZ FkhA ftldks vius HkkbZ ds gd esa relinquish djus dk vf/kdkj gjhjke th dks gkfly FkkA ;g fof/klEer ugha gS fd

gjhjke dk izfroknh@vihykFkhZ co-parcener/co-sharer ugha gksus ls release deed ugha dh tk ldrh gksA

13- nkSjkus cgl ;g Hkh rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd tks lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ bl U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 03-01-2024 dks cuk, x,] mlds vykok 2 lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ Hkh fuEukuqlkj cuus ik, tkrs gSa%&

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (6 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

(i) Whether the respondents were having any locus of rights to challenge the alleged Release Deed of the agricultural Land in question?

(ii) Whether rights under the Hindu Succession Act directly entitles the respondents to challenge the Release Deed of the agricultural land in question if they are not the recorded Khatedar of the land in question and do not have the declaration of Khatedari Rights form Revenue Courts?

14- mDr ij Hkh U;k;ky; }kjk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k tkos vkSj bl ekeys esa release deed d`f"k Hkwfe ls lacaf/kr gksus ls vkSj 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djokus ds vuqrks"k]

okn&i= esa pkgs tkus ls nhokuh U;k;ky; dks {ks=kf/kdkj gkfly ugha Fkk vkSj {ks=kf/kdkj ds laca/k esa vkifRr f}rh; vihy dh LVst ij Hkh dh tk ldrh gS vkSj d`f"k Hkwfe dk ekeyk gksus ls jktLo U;k;ky; dks {ks=kf/kdkj gksuk crkrs gq, ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds Pyarelal vs Shubhendra Pilania (2019)3 SCC 692 dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k x;kA 15- fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ@oknh dh vksj ls rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/klEer gS vkSj izfroknh@vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr xokgku dh lk{;ksa ls gh ;g Li"V gS fd ukFkh nsoh vkSj jtuh nsoh dks rFkkdfFkr release deed dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh vkSj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk Hkh ifjlhek ds fook|d dk fu.kZ; izfroknh ds fo:) fd;k x;k gSA ;fn fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ;g ekuk tkrk fd release deed dh tkudkjh ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks Fkh] ml voLFkk esa oknhx.k tks fd ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dh e`R;q ds i'pkr bl ekeys esa viuk vf/kdkj Dyse djds vk;s gSa] os Hkh okn&i= izLrqr djus ds vf/kdkjh ugha gksrs vkSj okn fe;kn ckgj djkj fn;k tkrkA

16 fe;kn ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ ds fo:) fu.kZ; gksus ds ckotwn vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls dksbZ Øksl vkCtsD'ku ugha fd;k x;k vkSj cgl vafre dh LVst ij bl laca/k esa vkifRr dh xbZ] tks izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa fopkj djrs gq, ;g Li"V fd;k fd u rks Øksl vihy dh xbZ vkSj u Øksl vkifRr;ka izLrqr dh xbZA ,slh voLFkk esa vkns'k 41 fu;e 33 lh-ih-lh- dk izkFkZuk&i= Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gksuk djkj fn;k x;k vkSj fook+|d la[;k 4 ls 6 ds laca/k esa cgl dh LVst ij mBk, x, vk{ksi dks vLohdkj dj fook+|dksa ds laca/k esa iqufoZ'ys"k.k ugha fd, tkus dk fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;kA

17- ,slh voLFkk esa tks vk/kkj tkudkjh ckcr fy;k x;k] og pyus ;ksX; ugha gS vkSj tc ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks release deed dh tkudkjh ugha gqbZ

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (7 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

Fkh] ml voLFkk esa mudh e`R;q ds i'pkr oknhx.k }kjk LoxhZ; gjhjke th ds okfjl gksuk ?kksf"kr djokus dk nhokuh okn&i= ds fu.kZ; dks izn'kZ fd;k x;k] tks okn&i= nhokuh U;k;ky; }kjk fMØh fd;k tkdj gjhjke th ds okfjl gksuk izn'kZ 11 o 12 }kjk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k vkSj bl fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh dks l{ke U;k;ky; esa vihykFkhZ }kjk pqukSrh ugha nh xbZ] bl fu.kZ; o fMØh ds vk/kkj ij gjhjke th dh lEifRr ds okfjl ds :i esa bUrdky ntZ djus dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ] ml le; release deed dh tkudkjh gksus ij nhokuh U;k;ky; esa nLrkost dks 'kwU; o fu"izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djokus dk okn&i= izLrqr fd;k] tks nhokuh U;k;ky; dks gh ,sls nLrkost dks 'kwU; o fu"izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/kdkj gSA jktLo U;k;ky; esa bl ckcr dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk ldrh vkSj nLrkost fujLr djokuss ds fy, igys [kkrsnkjh ds vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djok, tkuk vko';d ugha gS vkSj tks lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ cuk, x, gSa rFkk cgl ds nkSjku tks lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ ij vfrfjDr :Ik ls fopkj djus dh izkFkZuk vihykFkhZ ds vf/koDrk }kjk dh xbZ gS og vk/kkjghu gksuk o fof/klEer ugha gksuk crk;k vkSj vihy vihykFkhZ [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 18- eSaus mijksDr rdksaZ ij euu fd;kA bl U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 03-01-2024 dks dk;e fd, x, lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼ Substantial question of law½ ,oa nkSjkus cgl vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk izLrkfor nks vU; lkjHkwr

fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ ij fopkj fd;k x;kA bl ekeys esa loZizFke nhokuh U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj gh ugha gksus ds ckcr nkSjkus cgl fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ }kjk vkifRr dh xbZ] ml ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds iwoZ esa of.kZr I;kjs yky okys U;kf;d n`"Vkar dh vksj esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd igys [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr djokuk vko';d gS] rRi'pkr gh nLrkost [kkfjt fd;k tk ldrk gSA 19- bl laca/k esa fook|d la[;k 5 dk fu.kZ; fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk {ks=kf/kdkj ds laca/k esa fd;k x;kA tgka ij ;gh vk/kkj vihykFkhZ }kjk fy;k x;k Fkk] ftls vLohdkj djrs gq, nhokuh U;k;ky; dks nLrkost dks voS/k o 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djus dh {ks=kf/kdkfjrk gkfly gksuk vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kA vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls blds fo:) dksbZ Øksl vkCtsD'ku ugha fd;kA ftlij izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa fopkj fd;k fd Øksl vkCtsd'ku izLrqr ugha djus ds dkj.k vkns'k 41 fu;e 22 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kkuksa dk foLr`r foospu djrs gq, cgl esa mBk, x,

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (8 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

vk/kkj dks vLohdkj dj fn;k x;kA ,slh voLFkk esa f}rh; vihy esa bl laca/k esa vkifRr djus dk vihykFkhZ vf/kdkjh ugha gSA ;fn eku Hkh fy;k tkos dh {ks=kf/kdkj dk ekeyk gksus ls f}rh; vihy esa Hkh iz'u mBk;k tk ldrk gS rks bl ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA 20- esjs }kjk ekuuh; mPPkre U;k;ky; ds iwoZ esa of.kZr I;kjs yky okys ekeys ij fopkj fd;k x;kA bl izdj.k esa oknh }kjk [kkrsnkj ds vf/kdkj dh ?kks"k.kk ds fy, jktLo U;k;ky; esa dk;Zokgh dh xbZ Fkh vkSj nhokuh U;k;ky; esa nLrkost dks 'kwU; crkrs gq, ?kks"k.kk ds vuqrks"k dk okn nk;j fd;k x;k FkkA ml voLFkk esa jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 207] 256 o /kkjk 88 o vuqlwph ds Øe la[;k 5 ds eqrkfcd nhokuh U;k;ky; dk {ks=kf/kdkj ugha gksus dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k FkkA mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds i'pkr ekuuh; mPpre dk U;kf;d n`"Vkar Khursheed & Anr. Vs. Shaqoor (2024) 7 Supreme 574 esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k fd voidable nLrkost ds ekeys esa tc rd nLrkost dks vikLr ugha fd;k tkrk rc rd og yxkrkj ¼ continue½ izHkko esa jgrk gS vkSj ,sls nLrkost dks dsoy l{ke flfoy U;k;ky; }kjk gh vikLr ¼ set aside½ fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ekeys esa d`f"k Hkwfe ds laca/k esa foØ;&i= ds ckcr fookn Fkk vkSj voidable nLrkost ds cancelation dk ekeyk Fkk RkFkk ekuuh; mPPre U;k;ky;

ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Sudhir Singh @ Sardool Singh Vs. Randhir Singh & Ors. AIR 2010 SC 2807 ds ekeys esa nLrkost ds i{kdkj }kjk nLrkost dks cancelation dk okn djuk pkfg, vkSj nLrkost dk tks i{kdkj ugha gS] mlds }kjk

nLrkost dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djokus dk okn&i= djuk pkfg,] ,slk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS vkSj ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Satya Pal Anand Vs. State of Madhya Pradesh and Ors. (2016) 10 SCC 767 ds ekeys esa Hkh

iathd`r foØ;&i=ksa dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djokus dk vf/kdkj flfoy U;k;ky; dks gksuk crk;k x;k gSA 21- bl U;k;ky; }kjk mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa o bl U;k;ky; ds iwoZ ds vU; U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij ,dy ihB nhokuh fuxjkuh ;kfpdk la[;k 58@2025 fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 lq[knso pk;y cuke ekyk jke o vU; ds ekeys esa fopkj djrs gq, ;g Li"V fd;k fd 'kwU;dj.kh; ¼voidable½ nLrkost dks oknh dh gn rd voS/k] 'kwU; o fu"izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djus dk okn&i= izLrqr fd, tkus ls izFken`"V~;k gh nhokuh U;k;ky; dk {ks=kf/kdkj gksuk Li"V gSA 22- gLrxr ekeys esa fookfnr nLrkost release deed izn'kZ 14 gS] tks gjhjke }kjk izfroknh ';ksnr ds gd esa miiath;d] guqekux<+ ds le{k iathc)

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (9 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

djokbZ xbZ Fkh vkSj bl release deed izn'kZ 14 ds vk/kkj ij ukekUrjdj.k jftLVj izn'kZ 13 ds eqrkfcd release deed ds vk/kkj ij bUrdky ntZ fd;k x;kA ,slh voLFkk esa bl ekeys esa release deed dks lgh ekurs gq, jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk bUrdky ntZ dj fy;k x;k] ml voLFkk esa bl nLrkost dks nhokuh U;k;ky; }kjk gh 'kwU; ?kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g nLrkost bl ekeys esa 'kwU;dj.kh; ¼voidable½ nLrkost dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS] bl nLrkost dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djok, cxSj fookfnr lEifRr esa [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk gksuk laHko ugha gSA gjhjke ds 'ks"k fgLls dh [kkrsnkjh ukekUrjdj.k jftLVj izn'kZ 15 o tekcanh izn'kZ 16 ds vuqlkj oknhx.k ds gd esa gks pqdh gSA ,slh voLFkk esa bl izdj.k esa ,slk ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd nhokuh U;k;ky; dks release deed dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/kdkj gkfly u gksA vr% vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk nkSjkus cgl izLrkfor nksuksa lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ bl ekeys esa cuuk ugha ik;s tkrs vkSj fo}ku vf/koDRkk vihykFkhZ dk ;g vk/kkj pyus ;ksX; ugha gS fd] ;g vihy nhokuh U;k;ky; dks {ks=kf/kdkj gkfly ugha gksus ds vk/kkj ij Lohdkj dj fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fujLr fd;k tkosA 23- vc bl ekeys esa vU; lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ tks iwoZ esa U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 03-01-2024 ds vkns'k ls cuk, x, Fks] mu

ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA 1st lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½%&

24- bl iz'u ds laca/k esa nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls foLr`r cgl dh xbZ vkSj nksuksa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; o fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;ksa dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k x;kA bl ekeys esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk gh fook|d la[;k 5] tks {ks=kf/kdkj o fe;kn ds ckcr Fkk] ds laca/k esa fe;kn ij fopkj fd;k x;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k fd oknhx.k }kjk LoxhZ; gjhjke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr ukFkh nsoh dh e`R;q fnukad 20-03-2013 dks gks tkus o jtuh nsoh dh e`R;q fnukad 07-02-2012 dks gks tkus ij flfoy U;k;ky; ls fof/kd okfjl ?kksf"kr djokus ds mijkar tc bUrdky lEiw.kZ Hkwfe dk djokus ds fy, iz;kl fd;k x;k rks tqykbZ] 2014 esa izFke ckj release deed dk Kku gqvk vkSj Kku dh fnukad ls 3 o"kZ rd dh fe;kn gksuk]

bl ekeys esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kA 25- fe;kn ds laca/k esa Hkh dksbZ Øksl vkCtsD'ku vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; esa ugha fd;k x;k vkSj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; esa Øksl vkCtsD'ku ds tfj, ;g vk/kkj ugha fy;k x;k fd release deed dk Kku ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks FkkA bl dkj.k ls muds }kjk dk;Zokgh ugha djus ls oknhx.k

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (10 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

estopped gks vkSj jtuh nsoh vkSj ukFkh nsoh dks Kku gksus ls okn&i= fe;kn ckgj

gksA ,slh voLFkk esa f}rh; vihy esa tks bl ckcr vkifRr dh] og pyus ;ksX; ugha gSA fQj Hkh bl ekeys esa tks lk{; i=koyh ij vkbZ gS] ml ij fopkj fd;k x;kA gjhjke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr jtuh nsoh vFkok ukFkh nsoh dks release deed dh tkudkjh gks xbZ gks] bl ckcr dksbZ nLrkosth lcwr bl ekeys esa ugha gS vkSj ekSf[kd :i ls tks lk{; Mh-MCy;w01 ';ksnr mQZ ';ksdj.k izfroknh }kjk nh xbZ gS] mlesa ftjg esa ;g dgk fd gjhjke us izn'kZ 14 dk fu"iknu djus ls igys viuh iRuh o viuh iq=h jtuh dks crk fn;k FkkA jtuh vius csVs ds lkFk [kqn vkbZ FkhA lk{kh dks ugha irk fd izn'kZ 13 ls igys rglhynkj us ;k ljiap us ukFkh nsoh ;k jtuh nsoh dks vkifRr uksfVl tkjh fd, Fks ;k ugha] bUrdky ljiap us fd;k FkkA izfroknh ds iq= Mh-MCY;w03 iou dqekj us viuh ftjg esa ;g dgk gS fd izn'kZ 14 ds le; gjhjke th dSalj ls ihfM+r FksA jtuh dks ugha cqyk;k FkkA jtuh dks blfy, ugha cqyk;k fd gjhjke th us lkjh tehu dk R;kx&i= ugha fd;k Fkk jtuh dk fgLlk NksM+ fn;k FkkA xokg Mh-MCY;w02 glajkt us Hkh ;g dgk gS fd jtuh dks ugha cqyk;k Fkk D;ksafd mlds fgLls dh 10 ch?kk tehu NksM+ nh FkhA bl izdkj Mh- MCY;w01 jtuh dk izn'kZ 14 ds le; vkuk crkrk gS tcfd izfroknh Lo;a ds xokg Mh-MCY;w02 o Mh-MCY;w03 bl rF; ls bUdkj djrs gSaA 26- bl ekeys esa izn'kZ 13 release deed ds vk/kkj ij gjhjke th ds 5-313 gSDVs;j ';ksnr ds uke ls ntZ gqvk] tks 22-2-99 ds vkns'k ls gqvk vkSj gjhjke th dh e`R;q fnukad 08-02-99 dks gqbZA ;kfu gjhjke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr gh ukekUrjdj.k ';ksnr ds uke ls gqvk vkSj 'ks"k fgLlk gjhjke th ds uke ls gh NksM+ fn;kA tcfd izfroknh ';ksnr tks gjhjke th dk lxk HkkbZ gS] dks tkudkjh Fkh fd iRuh ukFkh nsoh o iq=h jtuh nsoh muds okfjl gS] ml voLFkk esa 'ks"k fgLlk bu nksuksa ds uke djok;k tkrk] tks fd bl ekeys esa ugha djok;k x;kA Mh-MCY;w01 us ftjg esa ;g dgk gS fd izn'kZ 13 ds le; 'ks"k Hkwfe dk fojkLru bUrdky ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh ds i{k esa lk{kh us djok;k Fkk tcfd izn'kZ 13 ds voyksdu ls gh bl xokg dk dFku xyr gksuk Li"V gS vkSj bl xokg ds iq= Mh-MCY;w03 iou dqekj dh vksj ls ;g dgk gS fd lk{kh us o lk{kh ds firk us 'ks"k Hkwfe dk bUrdky ntZ djok ysus ds fy, ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks ugha dgkA 27- ;fn izfroknh }kjk gjhjke th ds 'ks"k fgLls dk bUrdky jtuh nsoh o ukFkh nsoh ds gd esa djk;k tkrk rks mu nksuksa dks release deed dk Kku vo';

gks tkrkA




 [2025:RJ-JD:34373]                    (11 of 17)                         [CSA-125/2023]


28-          xokg Mh-MCY;w 03 ds ftjg ds eqrkfcd og izfro"kZ 10 gtkj 12 gtkj

ch?kk dk Bsdk nsrk FkkA 10 ch?kk dk Bsdk jtuh dks nsrs FksA bl ekeys esa tks lk{; vkbZ gS] mlls jtuh nsoh o ukFkh nsoh dks release deed dk Kku gks] ;g preponderance of probability ds vk/kkj drbZ lkfcr ugha gksrkA

29- bl ekeys esa oknhx.k dh lk{; ds eqrkfcd izn'kZ 11 U;k;ky; vfrfjDRk flfoy U;k;ky; ¼d-[ka-½ guqekux<+ fnus'k oxSjk cuke loZlk/kkj.k esa Äks"k.kkRed okn&i= gjhjke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr mudh iRuh ukFkh nsoh o oknhx.k dh ekrk dk LoxZokl gks tkus ls gjhjke th] ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh ds tk;t okfjl ?kksf"kr djus dk okn&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k] tks okn&i= fnukad 30-05-2014 dks fMØh fd;k x;k vkSj gjhjke th] ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dk oknhx.k dks tk;t o fof/kd okfjl ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA bl ckcr fMØh izn'kZ 12 cukbZ xbZA izn'kZ 11 o 12 ds vk/kkj ij oknhx.k@izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls gjhjke dk 'ks"k fgLlk 2-226 gSDVs;j dk ukekUrjdj.k oknhx.k ds i{k esa fd;k x;k vkSj tekcanh esa Hkh bUnzkt fd;k x;k] tks fnukad 17-07-2014 ds vkns'k ds eqrkfcd bUrdky ntZ gqvk gS vkSj U;k;ky; dh fMØh fnukad 30-05-2014 ds vk/kkj ij bUnzkt fd;k tkuk vafdr gSA ,slh voLFkk esa bl bUrdky ls gh oknhx.k@izR;FkhZ dks nLrkostkr dh udy ysus ij ;g Kkr gqvk fd 'ks"k Hkwfe izfroknh@vihykFkhZ ds i{k esa release deed ds vk/kkj ij ntZ gSA ,slh voLFkk esa tc ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh dks release deed ds Kku gksus dh larks"kizn lk{; i=koyh esa ugha gSA ml voLFkk esa

oknhx.k tks gjhjke] ukFkh nsoh o jtuh nsoh ds okfjl] nhokuh U;k;ky; }kjk ?kksf"kr fd;s x;s gSa] mUgsa release deed ds laca/k esa dk;ZOkgh djus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj os estopped gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA vr% ;g fcUnw vihykFkhZ ds fo:) fu.khZr

fd;k tkrk gSA

2nd lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½%&

30- ;g iz'u okn&i= ds fe;kn ds laca/k esa U;k;ky; }kjk cuk;k x;k Fkk] lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ la[;k 01 ij fopkj djrs gq, ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd fook+|d la[;k 5 esa {ks=kf/kdkj o fe;kn dk iz'u cuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj fe;kn ds iz'u dk fu.kZ; oknh@izR;FkhZ ds i{k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk] ftls izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk pqukSrh ugha nh xbZ vkSj lh/ks gh cgl dh xbZ] ftl ij izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vkns'k 41 fu;e 22 lh-ih-lh- o vkns'k 41 fu;e 33 lh-ih-lh- ij foLr`r fopkj djrs gq, ;g Li"V fd;k fd vihy dh lquokbZ ds fy,

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (12 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

fu;r fnu dh lwpuk dh rkjh[k ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj izfroknh dh vksj ls vkifRr;ka vkns'k 41 fu;e 22 lh-ih-lh- ds vuqlkj ugha dh xbZ] bl dkj.k ls vkns'k 41 fu;e 33 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kku ds vk/kkj ij fook|d la[;k 4 ls 6 ds laca/k esa cgl dh LVst ij mBk, vk{ksi Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fook+|d la[;k 5 dk fu.kZ; nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; ls vafre gks pqdk gS vkSj okn vUnj fe;kn gksuk Li"V gSA 31- mijksDr fLFkfr ds ckotwn bl U;k;ky; esa lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ fe;kn ds ckcr Hkh mBk;k x;k gS vkSj lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ izFke esa Hkh bl fo"k; ij estoppel ds laca/k esa fopkj djrs gq, ukFkh nsoh] jtuh nsoh dks release deed dk Kku ugha gksuk vkSj oknhx.k dks nhokuh U;k;ky; esa mRrjkf/kdkjh ?kksf"kr djokus ds mijkar gjhjke th dh leLr d`f"k Hkwfe vius uke ukekUrjdj.k djus dh dk;Zokgh djus ij release deed dk Kku gksuk vafdr fd;k x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa bl ekeys esa

release deed dh tkudkjh oknhx.k la[;k 1 o 2 dh ekrk o oknh la[;k 1 o 2

dh ukuh dks Kku ugha gksus vkSj mudh e`R;q ds i'pkr oknh la[;k 1 o 2 dks ukekUrjdj.k dh dk;Zokgh ds le; Kku gksus ls tkudkjh tqykbZ 2014 esa gqbZ] mlls rhu o"kZ ds Hkhrj okn izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks bl ekeys esa okn&i= fnukad 29-06-2015 dks izLrqr fd;k x;kA ,slh voLFkk esa ;g okn vUnj fe;kn gksuk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk djkj fn;k x;k] tks fu.kZ; fof/klEer gSA vr% bl lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ dk fu.kZ; Hkh vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) ,oa oknhx.k@izR;FkhZ ds i{k esa fd;k tkrk gSA

3rd lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½%&

32- ;g iz'u bl U;k;ky; }kjk bl vk/kkj ij cuk;k x;k fd vihykFkhZ }kjk ;g pqukSrh nh xbZ fd release deed esa gh fojkLru lEifRr izkIr gksus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk bl lEifRr dks LovftZr lEifRr ekukA 33- bl laca/k esa vihy esa tks vkifRr;ka dh xbZ] os fujk/kkj gSA Lo;a izfroknh@vihykFkhZ }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa tks tokc nkok izLrqr fd;k x;k] mlesa iSjk la[;k 3 esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd ;g Hkwfe oknhx.k ds ukuk gjhjke dks vius firk Lo- uFkh;k iq= Jh /khjk ls U;kxr gksdj foHkktu }kjk izkIr gqbZ gSA bl otg ls ;g Hkwfe Jh gjhjke dh LovftZr lEifRr ds :i esa ifjofrZr gks xbZA tc izfroknh viuh tokcnsgh esa ;g Li"V ekurk gS fd fooknxzLr lEifRr Lo-

[2025:RJ-JD:34373] (13 of 17) [CSA-125/2023]

gjhjke th dh LovftZr lEifRr gks xbZ Fkh] ml voLFkk esa ;g vk/kkj ysuk fd release deed izn'kZ 14 esa fojkLru gd feyus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS vkSj izFke

vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk LovftZr lEifRr ekuk gS] tks fof/klEer ugha gSA 34- bl ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Bhanwar Singh vs. Puran & Ors (AIR 2008 SUPREME COURT 1490) dk iSjk la[;k

11 egRoiw.kZ gS] tks fuEukuqlkj gS%& "11. The Act brought about a sea change in the matter of inheritance and succession amongst Hindus. Section 4 of the Act contains a non-obstente provision in terms whereof any text, rule or interpretation of Hindu Law or any custom or usage as part of that law in force immediately before the commencement of the Act, ceased to have effect with respect to any matter for which provision is made therein save as otherwise expressly provided. Section 6 of the Act, as it stood at the relevant time, provided for devolution of interest in the coparcenary property. Section 8 lays down the general rules of succession that the property of a male dying intestate devolve according to the provisions of the Chapter as specified in clause (1) of the Schedule. In the Schedule appended to the Act, natural sons and daughters are placed in Class-I heirs but a grandson, so long as father is alive, has not been included. Section 19 of the Act provides that in the event of succession by two or more heirs, they will take the property per capita and not per stirpes, as also tenants-in-common and not as joint tenants."

35- mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ls gh ;g Li"V gS fd gjhjke ds firk uFkh;k dh e`R;q ds i'pkr tks fgLlk gjhjke dks izkIr gqvk] og mldk ,dek= ekfyd gqvk] tks LovftZr lEifRr ds leku gh gqvkA ,slh voLFkk esa izn'kZ 14 release deed esa fojkLru gd feyk] fy[kus ek= ls ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd og lEifRr LovftZr lEifRr dh Js.kh esa u vkrh gksA vr% bl lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ dk fu.kZ; Hkh vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) o oknhx.k@izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa fd;k tkrk gSA

4th & 5th lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½%&

36- ;g nksuksa iz'u bl vk/kkj ij cuk, x, fd vihykFkhZ }kjk e`rd gjhjke dks Lo;a dk lxk HkkbZ gksuk vkSj gjhjke dks fojkLru lEifRr izkIr gksus ls vius HkkbZ ds gd esa release deed djus dk vf/kdkjh gksuk] viuh tokcnsgh o bl vihy esa vafdr fd;k x;k gS rFkk ;g Hkh vk/kkj fy;k x;k gS fd ;fn release deed ugha ekuk tk, rks bl nLrkost dks Gift ekuk tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd og e`rd

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gjhjke }kjk izfroknh lxk HkkbZ gksus ls I;kj o LuSgo'k esa gksdj lEifRr nsus dh bPNk gksuk ekudj release dh xbZ gSA 37- fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk bl iz'u ij foLr`r foospu vius fu.kZ; esa fd;k x;k vkSj gd ifjR;kx foys[k ¼ release deed½ o Gift dh fof/kd fLFkfr ij foospu fd;k x;k rFkk izn'kZ 14 release deed dh Js.kh esa vkrh gS vFkok Gift deed dh Js.kh esa] bl iz'u ij Hkh fopkj fd;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k x;k fd izn'kZ 14 nLrkost nku i= u gksdj gd R;kx i= ds :i esa gh l`ftr fd;k x;k FkkA iz'uxr lEifRr Lo- gjhjke dh ,dy [kkrsnkjh dh Hkwfe Fkh] blfy, mlesa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dk dksbZ iwoZ fo+|eku gd ugha gSA vr% bl vk/kkj ij nLrkost izn'kZ 14 dks voS/k gksus ds dkj.k vihykFkhZ bls vd`r ?kksf"kr djok, tkus dk vf/kdkjh gksuk ik;k x;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa iz'uxr Hkwfe ds laca/k esa foys[k izn'kZ 14 dk dksbZ foospu ugha fd;kA bl vk/kkj ij fook|d la[;k 1 ds laca/k esa tks fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fu.kZ; fn;k x;k] mls fujLr fd;k x;kA 38- fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vafdr bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB ds fu.kZ; State of Rajasthan vs Alokik Jain And Ors. on 3 April, 1998 (1998 Supreme(Raj) 315) ds iSjk la[;k 3 esa fuEukuqlkj mYys[k fd;k gS%&

3. It is needless to mention here that in order to determine whether a document is a release deed or gift deed, the decisive factor is the actual character of the transaction and the precise nature of the rights created by means of the instrument. The essential ingredients of release deed are that there should already be a legal right in the property vested in the release and the release should operate to enlarge that right into an absolute title for the entire property as far as the parties are concerned. Thus, there can be no release by one person in favour of another, who is not already entitled to the property as a co-owner. A release deed is valid not only when it is gratuitous. Thus by the release there is no transfer of interest or title to another person, who has no pre-existing right in such property. A release, therefore, can only be made in favour of a person who has a pre-existing right or interest in the property. A release can feed title, but cannot transfer title. On the other hand, 'gift' is the transfer of certain existing movable or immovable property, made voluntarily and without consideration by one person, called the donor, to another, called the donee, and accepted by or on behalf of, the donee.

39- mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd release deed lgLokeh ds gd esa gh dh tk ldrh gSA fdlh vU; O;fDr ds i{k esa ugha

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vkSj fdlh lEifRr esa ,d ls vf/kd fgLlsnkj gksus ls ,d fgLlsnkj }kjk release deed ds tfj, viuk fgLlk NksM+us ij nwljs fgLlsnkjksa dks og fgLlk feyrk gSA

gLrxr ekeys esa Lohd`r :i ls izn'kZ 14 release deed ls iwoZ izn'kZ 2 tekcanh ds vuqlkj 29 ,e-,e-ds- dh [kljk la[;k 73@208] 73@209] 72@209 dh Hkwfe;ka 7-539 gSDVs;j Hkwfe Lo- gjhjke th ds ,dy [kkrs esa Fkh] ftlesa izfroknh@vihykFkhZ ';ksnr fgLlsnkj ugha FkkA

40- ,slh voLFkk esa fof/kd izko/kku ds vuqlkj release deed bl vk/kkj ij fd izfroknh@vihykFkhZ gjhjke dk HkkbZ gS vkSj gjhjke dks fojkLru lEifRr izkIr gqbZ Fkh] ';ksnr vihykFkhZ ds gd esa fd;k tkuk fof/klEer ugha gSA ';ksnr vihykFkhZ] izn'kZ 2 ds vuqlkj gh u rks co-owner gS vkSj uk gh co-parcener gSA ,slh voLFkk esa vihykFkhZ dk ;g vk/kkj fd gjhjke mldk lxk HkkbZ Fkk] ftls vius lxs HkkbZ ds gd esa release deed djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk] drbZ ekus tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA 41- tgka rd bl nLrkost dks Gift ekus tkus dk iz'u gS] iwoZ esa of.kZr bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds eqrkfcd Gift ,d O;fDr }kjk viuh bPNk ls nwljs O;fDr ds gd esa fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks fcuk izfrQy dss LosPNk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj Gift djus okys dks donar vkSj Gift izkIr djus okyk donee dgykrk gS vkSj donee dks Gift Lohdkj djuk gksrk gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku

izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk bl iz'u ij Hkh foLr`r fopkj fd;k x;k fd izn'kZ 14 nLrkost Gift gS vFkok ugha vkSj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk bl nLrkost dks Gift ugha gksuk djkj fn;k x;kA izn'kZ 14 nLrkost ij fopkj fd;k x;kA izn'kZ 14 esa Li"V :i ls nLrkost R;kx&i= gksus dk mYys[k nLrkost ds vkjEHk esa gh fd;k x;k gS vkSj blesa Lo;a dks izkIr 29 ,e-,e-ds [kkrs uEcj 53@49 esa vkbZ gqbZ d`f"k Hkwfe esa ls fojkLru gd ds Dyse dk ifjR;kx djus dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a ds fojkLru gd ds 5-313 gSDVs;j dk mRrjkf/kdkjh ,dsyk ';ksnr jke gksuk fdlh vU; dks fojkLru gd ugha gksus dk vadu fd;k gS vkSj ckj&ckj nLrkost dks gd R;kx&i= dk nLrkost gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA

42- ;g nLrkost iathc) nLrkost gS vkSj nLrkost esa nks xokg Hkh djk, x, gSa ijarq nLrkost ij tks LVkWEi M~;wVh yxkbZ xbZ og gd R;kx&i= nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij 100 :i;s dh LVkWEi M~;wVh yxkbZ xbZA Gift ds vuqlkj LVkWEi M~;wVh fdruh ns; Fkh] vihykFkhZ }kjk Li"V ugha fd;k x;k vkSj bl nLrkost dks Gift ekudj Gift dh LVkWEi M~;wVh ckn esa Hkh is'k dj l{ke vf/kdkjh ds le{k i`"Bkafdr ugha djokbZ xbZ rFkk bl nLrkost dks gd R;kx&i= ¼release deed½ gksuk ekurs

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gq, gh jktLo U;k;ky; esa ukekUrjdj.k dh dk;Zokgh izn'kZ 13 ds eqrkfcd djokbZ xbZ vkSj izn'kZ 13 ds dkWye la[;k 16 esa ;g Li"V gS fd ^^eqrkfcd nLrcjnkjh ds bZUrdky ntZ dj okLrs vkns'k ,oa fu.kZ; gsrq Jheku th dh lsok esa is'k gS** vkSj dkWye la[;k 14 esa Hkh ^^nLrcjnkjh** 'kCn dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS vkSj dkWye la[;k 9 esa Hkh ^^gjhjke nLrcjnkjh** 'kCn dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA 43- bl izdkj jktLo U;k;ky; esa bl nLrkost dks yxkrkj ^^nLrcjnkjh** nLrkost gksuk vihykFkhZ }kjk crk;k x;k] tokc nkok esa vf/kdka'k LFkkuksa ij nLrkost ^^gd R;kx&i=** gksuk vkSj gjhjke dks gd R;kx&i= djus dk vf/kdkjh gksuk Li"V fd;k x;k vkSj tokc nkok ds iSjk la[;k 6¼d½ esa ;g mfYyf[kr fd;k fd ^^;fn ,d {k.k ds fy, ;g eku Hkh fy;k tkos rc ml fLFkr esa Hkh fof/k ds fl)karksa ds vuqlkj bl foys[k esa vafdr rF;ksa dk lexz v/;;u o fo'ys"k.k djus ls bldk vk'k; Jh gjhjke ds }kjk viuh 21 ch?kk Hkwfe dk vUrj.k Lusgo'k feu izfroknh dks fd;k tkuk Li"V gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa bl nLrkost dks tks fd ,d iathd`r nLrkost gS] nku i= ds rkSj ij Hkh fof/kd ekU;rk izkIr gSA** bl izdkj viuh tokcnsgh esa dsoy oSdfYid vk/kkj nLrkost ds gd R;kx&i= ugha ekus tkus dh lwjr esa Gift deed ekus tkus ckcr vafdr fd;k gSA 44- tcfd iwoZ esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds vuqlkj gd R;kx&i= ,oa Gift deed dh fLFkfr ds ckcr iw.kZ O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA izfroknh }kjk viuh tokcnsgh esa

Gift ds fy, vko';d vk/kkj ugha fy;k x;k fd gjhjke ds thou dky esa gh nLrkost dks Gift deed ekudj Gift deed dh LohdkjksfDr dj yh xbZ gksA ;fn gjhjke o vihykFkhZ@izfroknh bl nLrkost dks Gift deed ekurs rks gjhjke ds thoudky esa gh d`f"k Hkwfe dk ukekUrj.k izfroknh@vihykFkhZ vius uke djok ysrk vkSj lEifRr dk dCtk Hkh gjhjke ds thoudky esa izkIr dj ysrk ijarq bl ekeys esa izn'kZ 13 ukekUrjdj.k jftLVj dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi ls Li"V gS fd fnukad 29-01-1999 dks nLrcjnkjh ';ksnr izfroknh ds gd esa gqbZ vkSj fnukad 22-02-99 dks eqrkfcd nLrcjnkjh bUrdky gsrq vkns'k ,oa fu.kZ; gsrq is'k fd;k x;k] tks gjhjke dh e`R;q ds i'pkr dk;Zokgh dh xbZ vkSj bardky fnukad 12-03-99 dh cSBd esa Lohd`r gqvk vkSj Mh-MCY;w 03 iou dqekj ds c;ku ds eqrkfcd lk{kh ds rkÅth dh e`R;q ds ckn gjhjke dh tehu ukFkhnsoh ds funsZ'kkuqlkj laHkkyh FkhA bl ekeys esa tokcnsgh ds vuqlkj izfroknh e`rd gjhjke ds lkFk gh jgrk FkkA nksuksa dh ifRu;ka lxh cgus FkhA 45- ,slh voLFkk esa tokcnsgh esa o vius l'kiFk c;ku esa ;g dguk fd gd R;kx&i= dh Hkwfe ij izn'kZ 14 dh jkst ls og dkfct gS] tks dCtk bl ekeys

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esa Gift deed dh LohdkjksfDr dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrkA tokcnsgh ls iwoZ fdlh Hkh LFkku ij izn'kZ 14 nLrkost dks Gift deed gksuk ugha crk;k x;k vkSj iwoZ esa of.kZrkuqlkj Gift deed ekus tkus ds fy, vko';d dk;ZOkkgh LVkWEi M~;wVh ds laca/k esa ugha dh xbZ vkSj gjhjke ds thoudky esa ukeUrjdj.k djokus ds laca/k esa Hkh dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZA 46- ,slh voLFkk esa bl ekeys esa izn'kZ 14 nLrkost Gift deed dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrkA iwoZ esa fd, x, foospu ls nLrkost izn'kZ 14 Gift u gksdj release deed ds :i esa fd;k x;k nLrkost gS] tks release deed lg[kkrsnkj ds gd esa

ugha gksus ls vkSj release deed ds vk/kkj ij izn'kZ 13 bUrdky vius gd esa izfroknh@vihykFkhZ }kjk djok fy, tkus ls nhokuh U;k;ky; }kjk bl nLrkost dks oknhx.k ds fgrksa ds laca/k esa voS/k] 'kwU; o vd`r ?kksf"kr djokus dk oknhx.k dks vf/ kdkj gkfly gSA ftlds vuq:i gh izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fook|d la[;k 1 o 2 dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa bu nksuksa lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'uksa ¼Substantial question of law½ dk fu.kZ; Hkh vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) o oknhx.k@izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa fd;k tkrk gSA 47- iwoZ esa fd, x, fu.kZ;ksa ds vuqlkj lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'uksa ¼ Substantial question of law½ 1 ls 5 dk fu.kZ; vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) fd;k x;k gS

vkSj vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk nkSjkus cgl izLrkfor nks vU; rFkkdfFkr lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ¼Substantial question of law½ Hkh bl ekeys esa cuus ugha ik, x, gSaA ,slh voLFkk esa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/klEer gksus ls ;g f}rh; vihy vihykFkhZ@izfroknh [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 48- vr% vihy vihykFkhZ@izfroknh vUrxZr /kkjk 100 lh-ih-lh- [kkfjt dh tkrh gS vkSj fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 02] guqekux<+ ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 03-06-2023 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA fu.kZ; dh izfrfyfi fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; o fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks Hksth tkosA

(YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J 348-mayank/-