Rajasthan High Court
Parvez vs State Of Rajasthan Through Pp on 28 February, 2023
Bench: Pankaj Bhandari, Bhuwan Goyal
[2023/RJJP/003010]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
BENCH AT JAIPUR
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 729/2012
Shakir S/o Shri Sadik Mohammad Hussain, R/o Mohammad Khan
ka Pool, Tonk Police Station Kotawali Tonk, District Tonk.
(Accused is in Central Jail, Ajmer)
----Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajasthan Through PP.
----Respondent
Connected With
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 610/2012
Khalid Husain S/o Shri Sadik Mohammad, R/o Mohammad Khan
ka Pool, Tonk Police Station Kotawali Tonk, District Tonk.
(Accused is in Central Jail, Ajmer)
----Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajasthan Through P P.
----Respondent
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 730/2012
Parvez Son of Shri Yahya Miya, aged about 30 years, by caste
Muslim, R/o Shahadat Ganj, Near Purana Kabila, Kali Paltan,
Police Station Kotwali Tonk, Tonk (Rajasthan)
(Accused is in Central Jail, Ajmer Since 26.06.2012)
----Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajasthan Through PP.
----Respondent
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 731/2012
Moinuddin Son of Shri Sharifuddin, aged about 31 years, by
caste Muslim, resident of Mohammad Khan Ka Pul, Police Station
Kotwali Tonk, Tonk (Rajasthan)
(Accused is in Central Jail, Ajmer Since 26.06.2012)
----Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajasthan Through PP.
----Respondent
[2023/RJJP/003010] (2 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
For Appellant(s) : Mr. Manu Bhargava with
Ms. Kanika Burman,
Ms. Priyanka Soni &
Ms. Nisha Chandran in Criminal
Appeal Nos. 729/2012 & 610/2012
Mr. Ashok Sharma in Criminal Appeal
Nos. 730/2012 & 731/2012
For Respondent(s) : Mr. Javed Choudhary, Additional
Government Advocate
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PANKAJ BHANDARI
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE BHUWAN GOYAL
Judgment
JUDGMENT RESERVED ON : 14/02/2023
DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT : 28/02/2023
PER HON'BLE BHUWAN GOYAL:-
1- vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk izLrqr vihysa] fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k ¼QkLV Vªsd½] Vksd
a ¼jktLFkku½ }kjk ls'ku
izdj.k laa [;k [email protected]] muokuh izdj.k jktLFkku jkT; cuke 'kkfdj
oxSjg esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa n.Mkns'k fnukad 26-06-2012 ds fo:) izLrqr dh
xbZ gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) fd;k tkdj fuEukuqlkj nf.Mr
fd;k x;k gS%&
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDRk 'kkfdj ¼vihy la[;k&[email protected]½
/kkjk ltk vFkZn.M vne vnk;xh
vFkZn.M
302 ,oa 120ch vkthou [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
Hkk-na-la- dkjkokl dkjkokl
342 Hkk-na-la- 06 ekg dk [email protected]&#i, 15 fnol dk
lk/kkj.k lk/kkj.k dkjkokl
dkjkokl
377 Hkk-na-la- 07 o"kZ dk [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
lk/kkj.k dkjkokl dkjkokl
201 Hkk-na-la- 03 o"kZ dk [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
dBksj dkjkokl dkjkokl
[2023/RJJP/003010] (3 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu ,oa ijost
¼dze'k% vihy la[;k&[email protected]] [email protected] ,oa [email protected]½
302 lifBr /kkjk vkthou [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
120ch dkjkokl dkjkokl
Hkk-na-la- ,oa /kkjk
120ch Hkk-na-la-
342 Hkk-na-la- 06 ekg dk [email protected]&#i, 15 fnol dk
lk/kkj.k lk/kkj.k dkjkokl
dkjkokl
377 lifBr /kkjk 07 o"kZ dk [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
120ch Hkk-na-la- lk/kkj.k dkjkokl dkjkokl
201 Hkk-na-la- 03 o"kZ dk [email protected]&#i, 02 ekg dk lk/kkj.k
dBksj dkjkokl dkjkokl
lHkh ltk,a lkFk&lkFk pyus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k gSA
2- la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj ls gSa fd fnukad 23-03-2011 dks
eatwj vgen mQZ ek/kksiqfj;k }kjk ,d rgjhjh fjiksVZ Fkkuk iqjkuh Vksad esa
bl vk'k; dh ntZ djkbZ XkbZ fd vkt lqcg 11-00 cts og viuk fjD'kk
ysdj LVsfM;e dh rjQ ls u;k cl LVS.M lokjh ysus tk jgk Fkk fd ikuh
dh Vadh ds ikl jksM ij igqapk rks jksM ds fdukjs iDdh ukyh esa ,d
O;fDr ejk gqvk iM+k fn[kk] ftldh mlus iqfyl dks VsyhQksu ij lwpuk
nh] ml e`rd O;fDr ds eqag esa IykfLVd dh ikWyhFkhu Hkjh gqbZ Fkh] ukd
o vka[kksa ls [kwu fudy jgk Fkk] vKkr O;fDr Fkk] ekSds ij dbZ yksxksa us
ns[kk] fdlh us ugha igpkuk] yk'k dks ns[kus ij yx jgk Fkk fd fdlh us
vU; txg ekjdj ;gka ykdj iVdh Fkh] dk;Zokgh dh tkosa----bR;kfnA
3- mDr rgjhjh fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl Fkkuk iqjkuh Vksad esa eqdnek
uacj [email protected] ntZ dj lkekU; vuqla/kku izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ckn vuqla/kku
vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) /kkjk 201] 302] 342] 377 ,oa 120ch Hkk-n-l- esa
vkjksi i= U;k;ky; eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV Vksad esa izLrqr fd;k x;k] ftl
ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izlaKku fy;k tkdj ekeyk ls'ku U;k;ky; ds
}kjk fopkj.kh; gksus ls ls'ku U;k;ky; dks dfeV fd;k x;kA
[2023/RJJP/003010] (4 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
4- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj]
eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu ,oa ijost dks /kkjk 302] 342] 377 ;k
[email protected]] 120ch ,oa 201 Hkk-n-l- esa n.Muh; vijk/k ds vkjksi fojfpr
dj lquk;s o le>k;s x;s rks vfHk;qDrx.k us vkjksi vLohdkj dj vUoh{kk
pkgh] ftl ij vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ekSf[kd lk{; esa xokg
ih-MCY;w-&1 eqthc] ih-MCY;w-&2 guqeku izlkn] ih-MCY;w-&3 Qwyka]
ih-MCY;w-&4 dUgSa;kyky] ih-MCY;w-&5 xksiky yky] ih-MCY;w-&6 egkohj]
ih-MCY;w-&7 jktkjke] ih-MCY;w-&8 'kadjyky] ih-MCY;w-&9 nhid vks>k]
ih-MCY;w-&10 jkds'k] ih-MCY;w-&11 cnzhyky] ih-MCY;w-&12 jktsUnz flag]
ih-MCY;w-&13 vCnqy ethn] ih-MCY;w-&14 vtht [kka] ih-MCY;w-&15 'kjhQ]
ih-MCY;w-&16 gchc] ih-MCY;w-&17 tqEek [kka] ih-MCY;w-&18 eUtwj vgen]
ih-MCY;w-&19 MkW- gkfen gqlSu] ih-MCY;w-&20 jksfgr vks>k] ih-MCY;w-&21
dj.kohj] ih-MCY;w-&22 ys[kjkt] ih-MCY;w-&23 f'kojkt] ih-MCY;w-&24
iq"iknsoh] ih-MCY;w-&25 txnh'k izlkn] ih-MCY;w-&26 x.ks'kukjk;.k]
ih-MCY;w-&27 ujsUnz] ih-MCY;w-&28 jktdey] ih-MCY;w-&29 gfjukjk;.k]
ih-MCY;w-&30 eatwj vyh] ih-MCY;w-&31 ykMys fe;ka] ih-MCY;w-&32
tekyqn~nhu] ih-MCY;w-&33 okfgn vgen] ih-MCY;w-&34 fd'kksj cqVksfy;k ds
c;ku ys[kc) djk, x,A nLrkostkrh lk{; esa QnZ QqV fizUV izn'kZ ih&1]
iapk;rukek yk'k izn'kZ ih&2] uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ ih&3] QnZ tCrh diM+s
e`rd izn'kZ ih&4] QnZ tCrh pIIky izn'kZ ih&5] QnZ tCrh cVu ,oa fcy
izn'kZ ih&6] jlhn lqiqnZxh yk'k izn'kZ ih&7] QnZ tCrh ikWfyFkhu izn'kZ
ih&8] QnZ fxjQ~rkjh vfHk;qDr eksbZuqn~nhu izn'kZ ih&9] QnZ fxjQ~rkjh
vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj mQZ fcYyw izn'kZ ih&10] QnZ fxjQ~rkjh vfHk;qDr [kkfyn
gqlSu izn'kZ ih&11] QnZ fxjQ~rkjh vfHk;qDr ijost izn'kZ ih&12] QnZ tCrh
,d isUV ,oa ,d 'kVZ vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj mQZ fcYyw izn'kZ ih&13] QnZ tCrh
pIiy eqyfte 'kkfdj mQZ fcYyw izn'kZ ih&14] QnZ tCrh pIiy eqyfte
ijost izn'kZ ih&15] QnZ tCrh lSafMy eqyfte [kkfyn izn'kZ ih&16] uD'kk
ekSdk cjkenxh LFky izn'kZ ih&17] QnZ fxjQrkjh eqyfte eqthc izn'kZ
[2023/RJJP/003010] (5 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
ih&18] QnZ tCrh dSVykWx QuhZpj izn'kZ ih&19] rgjhjh fjiksVZ izn'kZ
ih&20] iksLVekWVZe fjiksVZ yk'k izn'kZ ih&21] iq:"kRo ijh{k.k fjiksVZ
eqyfteku eqthc] ijost] ekbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn] 'kkfdj o pUnzizdk'k dze'k%
izn'kZ ih&22 yxk;r izn'kZ ih&27] izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih&28] c;ku
vUrxZr /kkjk 161 n-iz-la- xokg iq"ik Xokyk izn'kZ ih&29] ,Q-,l-,y- jlhn
izn'kZ ih&30 yxk;r izn'kZ ih&33] eky[kkuk jftLVj dh izfr izn'kZ
ih&34] c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 161 n-iz-la- xokg eatwj vyh izn'kZ ih&35] QnZ
tCrh pIiy eksbZuqn~nhu izn'kZ ih&36] QnZ tCrh 'kVZ vfHk;qDr [kkfyn
izn'kZ ih&37] uD'kk ekSdk cjkenxh LFky 'kVZ izn'kZ ih&38] QksVksxzkQ~l
yk'k izn'kZ ih&40 yxk;r izn'kZ ih&47] tCr'kqnk fctyh dk fcy izn'kZ
ih&48] QnZ fxjQ~rkjh eqyfte pUnzizdk'k izn'kZ ih&49] QnZ lwpuk vUrxZr
nQk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e eqyfte eksbZuqn~nhu izn'kZ ih&50] QnZ lwpuk
vUrxZr nQk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e eqyfte [kkfyn gqlSu izn'kZ ih&51] uD'kk
ekSdk cjkenxh LFky pIiy eksbZuqn~nhu izn'kZ ih&52] QnZ lwpuk vUrxZr
nQk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e eqyfte [kkfyn gqlSu izn'kZ ih&53] QnZ lwpuk
vUrxZr nQk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e eqyfte 'kkfdj izn'kZ ih&54 yxk;r
izn'kZ ih&56] uD'kk ekSdk cjkenxh LFky dSVykWx izn'kZ ih&57] QnZ tCrh
twrs eqyfte pUnzizdk'k izn'kZ ih&58] iksLVdkMZ izn'kZ ih&59 ,oa izn'kZ
ih&60] eqyfte eqthc dks lqYrkuh xokg cukus dk izkFkZuk i= izn'kZ ih&61
yxk;r izn'kZ ih&63] U;k;ky; eq[; U;kf;d eftLVsªV Vksd
a dk vkns'k
fnukad 21-06-2011 izn'kZ ih&64] ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih&65 ,oa izn'kZ
ih&66] pSik iphZ ekdkZ ,] lh] ,p] ch] dze'k% izn'kZ ih&67 yxk;r izn'kZ
ih&70 rFkk ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ ij esfMdy cksMZ dh jk; izn'kZ ih&71 dks
izLrqr dj iznf'kZr djk;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr e`rd dh isVa vkfVZdy&1]
e`rd dh 'kVZ vkfVZdy&2] e`rd dh v.Mjfo;j vkfVZdy&3] eqyfte
'kkfdj dh isUV vkfVZdy&4] eqyfte 'kkfdj dh 'kVZ vkfVZdy&5] dSVykWx
vkfVZdy&6 ,oa 7] ykbunkj dkWih vkfVZdy&8 rFkk ikWyhFkhu dh FkSfy;ksa
ds VqdMs vkfVZdy&9 vkfn dks Hkh izLrqr dj iznf'kZr djok;k x;kA
[2023/RJJP/003010] (6 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
5- rRi'pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k
dks /kkjk 313 n-iz-l- ds rgr ijhf{kr fd;k x;k] ftl ij
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj }kjk Lo;a dks funksZ"k gksuk crkrs gq, >wBk Qalkus
dh ckr dgh ,oa dFku fd;k fd fnukad 22-03-2011 dh 'kke dks og eqthc
ds ?kj x;k Fkk] ogka irk pyk fd eqthc eqUuk ds ?kj x;k gS fQj og ogka
x;k rc foDdh 'kke dks 7-00 cts djhc ogka vk;k] eqthc us dgk fd
foDdh dks ?kqekus ysdj pys rks mlus dgka foDdh ls iwN ys rc foDdh
vkSj eqthc esa vyx ls dksbZ ckr gqbZ] fQj os rhuksa eqthc dh eksVjlkbZfdy
ij jokuk gq,] eqthc us jkLrs esa ,d cksry 'kjkc dh [kjhnh] os rhuksa
yxHkx 8-00 cts LVsfM;e ds ihNs pys x,] ogka mu rhuksa us nk: ih]
eqthc us eksckby djds vius HkkbZ vkfcn dks Hkh LVsfM;e esa cqyk fy;k]
vkfcn ogka vk x;k] eqthc us foDdh ls dgka fd eSa rsjs lkFk cqjk dke
d:axk] foDdh euk djus yxk] rc eqthc o vkfcn us tcjnLrh mlds
diM+s [kksy fn,] fQj ogka ,d yM+dk 15&16 lky dk vk x;k tks eqthc
dk nksLr Fkk] rhuksa us foDdh dks idM+ fy;k] eqthc us tcjnLrh foDdh ds
lkFk cqjk dke fd;k] foDdh fpYykus yxk rks ml 15&16 lky ds yM+ds o
eqthc us foDdh ds eqag esa ogka iM+h iUuh dh FkSfy;ka ?kqlsM nh] ml yM+ds
us Hkh foDdh ds lkFk cqjk dke fd;k Fkk] foDdh csgks'kh dh gkyr esa gks
x;kA os Mj x,] mu pkjksa us foDdh dks csgks'kh dh gkyr esa iDdh ukyh esa
j[k fn;k vkSj ogka ls Hkkx x,] [kkfyn] eksbZu] ijost rhuksa ?kVukLFky ij
ekStnw ugha Fks] foDdh ds dkaM esa budk dksbZ ysuk nsuk ugha gS] eqthc tks
djksM+ifr ?kj dk gS] mlus iqjkuh Vksad lh-vkbZ- o iqfyl ds mPp
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vius firk ds tfj, :i, nsdj >wBk ljdkjh xokg cu
x;k ,oa >wBs cukoVh c;ku dksVZ esa fn, gSA iqjkuh Vksad lh-vkbZ- Vksad tsy
esa Hkh eqthc ls feyus vk, Fks] mudk foDdh dks ekjus dk dksbZ bjknk ugha
Fkk] nq?kZVuko'k og ej x;k] og ?kVukLFky ij ekStwn t:j Fkk] ijarq mlus
foDdh ds lkFk dksbZ cqjk dke ugha fd;k] uk gh mlus foDdh dh gR;k dh]
iqfyl us mlls dksbZ cjkenxh ugha dh ,oa cjkenxh dh dk;Zokgh QthZ gSA
[2023/RJJP/003010] (7 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
6- vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr eksbZuqn~nhu }kjk Lo;a dks funksZ"k gksuk crkrs gq,
>wBk Qalkus dh ckr dgh ,oa dFku fd;k fd fnukad 22-03-2011 dks thi
esa cSBdj 12-00 cts t;iqj x;k Fkk] ogka edlwn HkkbZ ds ?kj vkekx<
bZnxkg ls igys rhu lk<s rhu cts igqapk o muds lkFk ogha ?kj ij jgk]
ogha lks;k fQj fnukad 23-03-2011 dks lqcg 8-00 cts thi esa cSBdj Vksad
vk x;k] foDdh dh gR;k ls mldk dksbZ ysuk nsuk ugha gS] og foDdh vkSj
'kkfdj dks ugha tkurk] eqthc us >wBs c;ku fn, gS] eqthc ds ;gka mlus
dkjisUVj dk dk;Z fd;k Fkk vkSj nl gtkj :i, etnwjh cdk;k Fkh vkSj
bl ckr dks ysdj eqthc o mldh dgklquh gks xbZ Fkh] bl jaft'k dks
ysdj eqthc us mldk >wBk uke yxk;k gSA
7- vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr [kkfyn gqlSu }kjk Lo;a dks funksZ"k gksuk crkrs
gq, >wBk Qalkus dh ckr dgh ,oa dFku fd;k fd og fnukad 22-03-2011
dks 'kke dks 4-00 cts thi esa CkSBdj t;iqj x;k] ogka jQhd ukbZ ds ?kj
x;k] vxys fnu lqcg 7-00 cts t;iqj ls jokuk gksdj lqcg lk<s nl cts
Vksad vk x;k] eqthc us [kqn dks cpkus ds fy, vkSj mls >wBk Qalkus ds
fy, >wBk c;ku fn;k gSA
8- vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ijost }kjk Lo;a dks funksZ"k gksuk crkrs gq, >wBk
Qalkus dh ckr dgh ,oa mlls cjkenxh uk gksus dk dFku djrs gq, ;g
dFku fd;k fd fnukad 22-03-2011 dks fnu esa 4-00 cts ds yxHkx og
fuokbZ x;k Fkk] D;ksafd fuokbZ esa xkfM;ksa dk tyk gqvk vkW;y [kjhnuk Fkk]
eqdhe HkkbZ Hkh t;iqj ls fuokbZ vkW;y [kjhnus vk, Fks fQj mu nksuksa us
jkr ds 11-00 cts rd nqdkuksa ,oa xksnkeksa ls vkW;y [kjhnk fQj ckbZikl
fuokbZ ij [kkuk [kk;k] jkf= 12-00 og ,d Vªd esa CkSBdj Vksd
a vk x;k]
eqdhe HkkbZ ogka ls Vªd esa cSBdj t;iqj pys x,] eqthc us mlds f[kykQ
jaft'k ls >wBs c;ku fn, gS] mudh tkuojksa dk xksl dkVus dh ckr dks
ysdj 15 ekpZ] 2011 dks gkFkkikbZ gks xbZ Fkh] mlus mldks mlds dke ds
lksyg gtkj :i, ugha fn,] blfy, bl ekeysa esa >wBk Qalk fn;k] og
foDdh dks ugha tkurk gSA
[2023/RJJP/003010] (8 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
9- izfrj{kk lk{; esa xokg Mh-MCY;w&1 jQhd csx] Mh-MCY;w&2 eqdhe] Mh-
MCY;w&3 edlwn o Mh-MCY;w&4 ds'kojkt dks ijhf{kr djok;k x;k rFkk
nLrkosth lk{; esa fjek.M isij izn'kZ Mh&1 o izn'kZ Mh&2] QnZ lwpuk
varxZr /kkjk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e eqyfte eqthc izn'kZ Mh&3 ,oa Mh&4] QnZ
fu'kknsgh uD'kk eqyfte eqthc izn'kZ Mh&5] QnZ tCrh pIiy eqyfte
eqthc izn'kZ Mh&6] c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 164 n-iz-la- eqyfte eqthc izn'kZ
Mh&7] c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 306 ¼4½ n-iz-la- eqyfte eqthc izn'kZ Mh&8]
c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 161 n-iz-la- xokg Qwyk nsoh] jktkjke] jkds'k] jksfgr]
dj.kohj o ys[kjkt dze'k% izn'kZ Mh&9 yxk;r izn'kZ Mh&14] tsy ds
fMLisp jftLVj dh izfr izn'kZ Mh&15, o izn'kZ Mh&16, dks izLrqr dj
iznf'kZr djok, x,A
10- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk mHk;i{kksa dks lquus ds i'pkr~
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj] eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu] ijost dks
/kkjk 302] 120ch] 342] 377] 201 Hkk-n-la- esa nks"kfl) djrs gq, Åij of.kZr
izdkj ls nafMr fd;k x;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj gLrxr vihysa izLrqr dh
xbZ gSaA
11- mHk; i{kksa dh cgl lquh xbZA i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA
12- izLrqr ekeys esa U;k;ky; ds le{k izeq[k :i ls fopkj.kh; fcUnw ;g
gS fd&
1- vk;k vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk vkijkf/kd "kM~;a= ds
rgr foDdh dks ys tkdj mls lnks"k ifjjks/k djrs gq,
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj o pUnzizdk'k us vU;
vfHk;qDrx.k ds lg;ksx ls mlds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu fd;k
rFkk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k us mls ekj Mkyus ds vk'k; ls
mldk xyk nckdj ,oa mlds eqag esa iUuh Bwl dj mldh
gR;k dh vkSj gR;k ds ckn mlds 'ko dks lk{; foyksiu ds
vk'k; ls ?kVukLFky ls gVkdj ukys esa QSad fn;k\
[2023/RJJP/003010] (9 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
2- vk;k fopkj.kh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; 26-06-2012 fof/k
fo:) gksus ls vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS\
13- mDr fopkj.kh; fcUnq ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo}ku
vf/koDrkx.k dk nkSjkus cgl la;qDr :i ls dFku gS fd izLrqr ekeys esa
fdlh Hkh Lora= xokg us mDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk djuk
dFku ugha fd;k gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izdj.k esa vuqla/kku ds
nkSjku ekSds ls ;|fi QqV fizaV mBkuk crk;k x;k gS] fdarq mDr QqV fizVa
dh tkap fjiksVZ U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha gqbZ gS ,oa MkWDVj us vius c;kuksa esa
e`rd foDdh ds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu gksus dh ,oa mldh xyk nckdj
gR;k djus dh iqf"V vius c;kuksa esa ugha dh gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd
xokg ih-MCY;w 19 MkW- gkfen gqlSu us vius c;kuksa esa e`rd foDdh dh e`R;q
xyk nckus ls uk gksdj ne ?kqVus ls gksuk ,oa mlds xqnk ds van:uh ,oa
ckg~; Hkkx esa dksbZ pksV ugha vkuk Li"V :i ls dFku fd;k gS]
ftlls ?kVuk ds le; e`rd ds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu gksus dh ,oa mldk
xyk nckdj gR;k djus dh ckr izekf.kr ugha gqbZ gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku
gS fd e`rd ds tks jsDVy LoSc] jsDVy Leh;j fy, x,] mudh tkap fjiksVZ
Hkh i=koyh ij ugha gS] ftlls Hkh gLrxr ekeys esa e`rd foDdh ds lkFk
vizkd`frd eSFkwu gksus dh ckr izekf.kr ugha gqbZ gS] mudk lkFk gh ;g Hkh
dFku gS fd vizwoj eqthc ds dFku fo'oluh; ugha gS] D;ksafd mlds iwoZorhZ
,oa orZeku dFkuksa esa xgjk fojks/kkHkkl gS] okLro eas e`rd foDdh ds
lkFk ?kVuk Lo;a vizwoj eqthc ,oa mlds nksLr }kjk dkfjr dh xbZ gS]
ftldh iqf"V 'kkfdj ds c;ku eqyfte ls gksrh gS] fdarq eqthc us iqfyl ls
feydj ,oa >wBs c;ku nsdj vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dks izdj.k esa >wBk
Qalk;k gS] ,sls esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks vkyksP; vkns'k ikfjr
fd;k x;k gS og fof/klEer ugha gksus ls mUgsa nks"keqDr fd;k tkosaA
14- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd
gLrxr ekeysa esa cjkenxh ,oa ykLV lhu ds leLr xokgku
i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gSa] vfHk;kstu i{k us 'kVZ dk cVu tks ekSds ls yk'k ds
[2023/RJJP/003010] (10 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
ikl cjken djuk crk;k gS og fdl vfHk;qDr ds 'kVZ dk gS] ;g lkfcr
ugha djk;k gS ,oa vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk e`rd foDdh dks ekjus ds ihNs D;k
vk'k; Fkk] ;g Hkh lkfcr ugha djok;k x;k gS rFkk
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dh ekSds ij mifLFkfr ds laca/k esa mudh dkWy
fMVsy ,oa eksckby yksds'ku Hkh izLrqr ugha dh gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS
fd xokg Mh-MCY;w 1 jQhQ csx us ?kVuk fnukad ,oa le; ij
viykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr [kkfyn dk] Mh-MCY;w 2 eqdhe us vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
ijost dk] Mh-MCY;w 3 edlwn us vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr eksbZuqn~nhu dk muds
lkFk gksuk ,oa ?kVukLFky ij ugha gksuk vius c;kuksa ls izekf.kr fd;k gS
rFkk lgvfHk;qDr 'kkfdj us Hkh vius c;ku eqyfte esa [kkfyn] eksbZuqn~nhu]
ijost dks ekSds ij ekStwn ugha gksus dk dFku fd;k gS] ftlls Hkh
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k [kkfyn] ijost] eksbZuqn~nhu ds fo:) vkjksfir
fopkj.kh; fcUnq izekf.kr ugha gksrk gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd 'kkfdj ds
}kjk /kkjk 313 na-iz-la- esa fd, x, dFku] mlds fo:) nks"kflf) dk vk/kkj
ugha gks ldrs gSaA
15- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dk nkSjkus cgl ;g Hkh
dFku gS fd vizwoj eqthc ds U;k;ky; ds le{k gq, c;kuksa rFkk mlds }kjk
vius /kkjk 164 n-iz-la- ds c;kuksa esa fd, x, dFkuksa esa xgjk fojks/kkHkkl gS]
mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd vizwoj eqthc us vius c;kuksa esa mldk ?kVuk esa
'kkfey ugha gksuk rFkk mlds }kjk ?kVuk ns[kuk crk;k gS] ,sls esa og] mlds
}kjk ?kVuk dkfjr djus esa dksbZ lg;ksx ugha djus ls] vizwoj dh ifjHkk"kk
esa ugha vkrk gS] lkFk gh mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd eqthc ds dFku Hkh
fo'oluh; ugha gS] D;ksafd izFke rks lgvfHk;qDr 'kkfdj us vius /kkjk 313
n-iz-la- ds c;kuksa esa vizwoj eqthc }kjk o mlds HkkbZ vkfcn }kjk ,oa muds
nksLr }kjk ?kVuk dkfjr djuk crk;k gS rFkk eqthc dk dFku blfy, Hkh
fo'oluh; ugha gS] D;ksafd vius c;kuksa esa mldk ?kVuk ds ckn ?kj pys
tkuk crk;k gS] lkekU;r% ,slk O;fDr ftlds }kjk dksbZ d`R; ugha fd;k
x;k gks rFkk ek= ?kVuk dks ns[kk x;k gks rks og rqjra gh mldh lwpuk
[2023/RJJP/003010] (11 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
lEc) O;fDr;ksa dks nsrk gS] og ?kj tkdj lksrk ugha gS] ekSu ogh jgrk gS]
ftlus vijk/k fd;k gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd vizwoj eqthc dk dFku
blfy, Hkh fo'oluh; ugha gS fd mlus vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh dks ?kVukLFky ckcr bfRryk nh gS rFkk ml LFkku dh rLnhd
djkbZ gS] ftlls mldk ;g dFku fd mlus ?kVuk esa d`R; ugha fd;k] ek=
ns[kk gS fo'oluh; ugha gS] cfYd ckn esa lksp le>dj vius dks cpkus gsrq
mDr dFku fd;k x;k gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd okLro esa mDr ?kVuk
vizwoj eqthc }kjk gh dkfjr dh xbZ gS rFkk mlus iqfyl ls feydj ckn esa
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dks mDr izdj.k esa >wBk Qalk;k gSA vUr esa
muds }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dks fopkj.kh; fcUnq lansg ls ijs fl)
ugha gksus ls nks"keqDr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA vf/koDrk
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k us viuh cgl ds leFkZu esa fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d
n`"Vkar is'k fd,%&
1. AIR 1957 SC 637, Sarwan Singh Vs. State of
Punjab
2. AIR 1988 SC 599, Chandan & Ors. Vs. State of
Rajasthan
3. 1994 Supp (2) SCC 73, Rampal Pithwa Rahidas
& Ors. Vs. State of Maharashtra
4. 2006 (13) SCC 210, Francis Stanley Alias
Stalin Vs. Intelligence Officer Narcotics Control
Bureau
5. 2020 (7) SCC 722, Somma Sundaram Alias
Somu Vs. The State Rep. By The Deputy
Commissioner of Police
6. 2008 Criminal Law Journal H.P. 1988, Santosh
Kumar & Ors. Vs. H.P.
7. Criminal. A.S. No. 2460-SB of 2008 (O&M),
High Court of Punjab & Harayana, Karambir
Singh & Ors. Vs. State of Harayana
8. S.B. Criminal Misc. Petition No. 1348/2015
Decided on 15.04.2015, Surendra Kumar Vs.
State of Rajasthan
16- blds foijhr fo}ku vfrfjDr egkf/koDrk us nkSjkus cgl dFku fd;k
gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkykSP; vkns'k] i=koyh ij
[2023/RJJP/003010] (12 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
miyC/k leLr lk{; dk lEiw.kZ :i ls foospu djrs gq, ikfjr fd;k x;k
gS] ftlesa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ fof/kd ,oa rkfRod =qfV ugha gS] vr%
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr vihysa vLohdkj dj vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k
dh nks"kflf) dks ;Fkkor~ j[kk tkosaA
17- geus vihyh; i=kofy;ksa o fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh dk
lEekuiwoZd voyksdu fd;kA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ,oa mPp
U;k;ky; }kjk viwzoj ¼lg&vijk/kh½ ,oa mldh lk{; ds lUnHkZ esa vius
fuEukafdr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ds ek/;e ls ;g izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS%&
(i)- Ram Narain Vs. State of Bihar
(https://indiankanoon.org /doc/1020504)
".....an approver is participes criminis i.e.
someone who was part of the crime but has
now agreed to give evidence against the co-
accomplice and has sought pardon for himself in
return of giving such evidence. However, this
also makes an approver's testimony doubtful
and thus cannot be considered a fair witness.
There always exists a chance that the approver
may provide false evidence in order to sought
the pardon for himself as a reason of which, the
courts must as a matter of prudence and
caution anxiously look for some corroboration in
order to ascertain the authenticity and reliability
of such evidence.
(ii)- Sarwan Singh Vs. The State of Punjab (SC), Cri.
Appeals Nos, 22 and 23 of 1957, Decided on:
10.04.1957. ds fcUnq la[;k&7 esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS
fd%&
"7. On behalf of Harbans Singh, it has been
urged before us by Mr. Kohli that the judgment
of the High Court of Punjab suffers from a
serious infirmity in that, in dealing with the
evidence of the approver, the learned Judges do
not appear to have addressed themselves to the
[2023/RJJP/003010] (13 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
preliminary question as to whether the approver
is a reliable witness or not. The problem posed
by the evidence given by an approver has been
considered by the Privy Council and courts in
India on several occasions.
It is hardly necessary to deal at length with the
true legal position in this matter. An accomplice
is undoubtedly a competent witness under the
Indian Evidence Act. There can be, however, no
doubt that the very fact that he has participated
in the commission of the offence introduces a
serious stain in his evidence and courts are
naturally reluctant to act on such tainted
evidence unless it is corroborated in material
particulars by other independent evidence.
It would not be right to expect that such
independent corroboration should cover the
whole of the prosecution story or even all the
material particulars. If such a view is adopted it
would render the evidence of the accomplice
wholly superfluous. On the other hand, it would
not be safe to act upon such evidence merely
because it is corroborated in minor particulars
or incidental details because, in such a case,
corroboration does not afford the necessary
assurance that the main story disclosed by the
approver can be reasonably and safely accepted
as true.
But it must never be forgotten that before the
court reaches the stage of considering the
question of corroboration and its adequacy or
otherwise, the first initial and essential question
to consider is whether even as an accomplice
the approver is a reliable witness. If the answer
to this question is against the approver then
there is an end of the matter, and no question
as to whether his evidence is corroborated or
not falls to be considered.
In other words, the appreciation of an
approver's evidence has to satisfy a double test.
His evidence must show that he is a reliable
witness and that is a test which is common to
all witnesses. If this test is satisfied the second
test which still remains to be applied is that the
approver's evidence must receive sufficient
corroboration. This test is special to the cases of
[2023/RJJP/003010] (14 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
weak or tainted evidence like that of the
approver.
Mr. Kohli's contention is that since the learned
Judges of the High Court of Punjab have failed
to address themselves to this initial question,
their appreciation of the approver's evidence
suffers from a serious infirmity. In our opinion,
this contention is well-founded. We have
carefully read the judgment delivered by the
High Court but we find no indication in the
whole of the judgment that the learned Judges
considered the character of the approver's
evidence and reached the conclusion that it was
the evidence given by a reliable witness.
The only statement which we find in the
judgment dealing with this topic is that "since
the main evidence in the case consists of the
testimony of the approver it is necessary to
consider the case of each appellant
individually." With respect, this observation is
open to the criticism which has been made
against it by Mr. Kohli."
(iii)- Chandra Prakash Vs. State of Rajasthan (SC),
Cri. Appeal No. 1155 of 2014 (Arising out
of S.L.P. (Crl.) 4419 of 2009), Decided
on: 09.05.2014.
"133. Accomplice.-An accomplice shall be a
competent witness against an accused person;
and a conviction is not illegal merely because it
proceeds upon the uncorroborated testimony of
an accomplice.
Illustration (b) to Section 114
(b) The Court may presume that an
accomplice is unworthy of credit, unless he is
corroborated in material particulars.
36. The aforesaid two provisions came to
be considered in Bhiva Doulu Patil v. State of
Maharashtra
MANU/SC/0141/1962MANU/SC/0141/1962: AIR
1963 SC 599 wherein the Court held as follows:
The combined effect of Sections 133 and
Illustration (b) to Section 114, may be stated
as follows:
[2023/RJJP/003010] (15 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
According to the former, which is a Rule of
law, an accomplice is competent to give
evidence and according to the latter, which is a
Rule of practice it is almost always unsafe to
convict upon his testimony alone. Therefore,
though the conviction of an accused on the
testimony of an accomplice cannot be said to
be illegal yet the courts will, as a matter of
practice, not accept the evidence of such a
witness without corroboration in material
particulars.
37. In Mohd. Husain Umar Kochra
etc. v. K.S. Dalipsinghji and Anr. etc.
MANU/SC/0123/1969MANU/SC/0123/1969:
1969) 3 SCC 429, the Court observed thus:
...The combined effect of Sections 133 and
114, Illustration (b) is that though a conviction
based upon accomplice evidence is legal, the
Court will not accept such evidence unless it is
corroborated in material particulars. The
corroboration must connect the accused with
the crime. It may be direct or circumstantial. It
is not necessary that the corroboration should
confirm all the circumstances of the crime. It is
sufficient if the corroboration is in material
particulars. The corroboration must be from an
independent source. One accomplice cannot
corroborate another.
38. Having stated the legal position with regard
to the statutory provisions, presently we shall
proceed to consider the requisite tests to be
applied to accept the credibility of the
testimony of the approver. At this juncture, we
may sit in a time machine and quote a passage
from Sarwan Singh S/o Rattan Singh v. State of
Punjab
MANU/SC/0038/1957MANU/SC/0038/1957: AIR
1957 SC 637 wherein it has been held as
follows:
...An accomplice is undoubtedly a competent
witness under the Indian Evidence Act. There
can be, however, no doubt that the very fact
that he has participated in the commission of
the offence introduces a serious stain in his
evidence and Courts are naturally reluctant to
act on such tainted evidence unless it is
[2023/RJJP/003010] (16 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
corroborated in material particulars by other
independent evidence. It would not be right to
expect that such independent corroboration
should cover the whole of the prosecution story
or even all the material particulars. If such a
view is adopted it would render the evidence of
the accomplice wholly superfluous. On the
other hand, it would not be safe to act upon
such evidence merely because it is
corroborated in minor particulars or incidental
details because, in such a case, corroboration
does not afford the necessary assurance that
the main story disclosed by the approver can
be reasonably and safely accepted as true. But
it must never be forgotten that before the court
reaches the stage of considering the question of
corroboration and its adequacy or otherwise,
the first initial and essential question to
consider is whether even as an accomplice the
approver is a reliable witness. If the answer to
this question is against the approver then there
is an end of the matter, and no question as to
whether his evidence is corroborated or not
falls to be considered. In other words, the
appreciation of an approver's evidence has to
satisfy a double test. His evidence must show
that he is a reliable witness and that is a test
which is common to all witnesses. If this test is
satisfied the second test which still remains to
be applied is that the approver's evidence must
receive sufficient corroboration. This test is
special to the cases of weak or tainted evidence
like that of the approver.
8....Every person who is a competent
witness is not a reliable witness and the test of
reliability has to be satisfied by an approver all
the more before the question of corroboration
of his evidence is considered by criminal courts.
39. In Ravinder Singh v. State of Haryana
MANU/SC/0199/1975MANU/SC/0199/1975:
1975) 3 SCC 742, this Court has observed that:
An approver is a most unworthy friend, if at
all, and he, having bargained for his immunity,
must prove his worthiness for credibility in
court. This test is fulfilled, firstly, if the story he
relates involves him in the crime and appears
[2023/RJJP/003010] (17 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
intrinsically to be a natural and probable
catalogue of events that had taken place. ...
Secondly, once that hurdle is crossed, the story
given by an approver so far as the accused on
trial is concerned, must implicate him in such a
manner as to give rise to a conclusion of guilt
beyond reasonable doubt.
42. In Chandan and Anr. v. State of Rajasthan
MANU/SC/0063/1988MANU/SC/0063/1988:
(1988) 1 SCC 696, the Court held that so far as
the question about the conviction based on the
testimony of the accomplice is concerned, the
law is settled and it is established as a rule of
prudence that the conviction could only be
based on the testimony of the accomplice if it is
thought reliable as a whole and if it is
corroborated by independent evidence either
direct or circumstantial, connecting the accused
with the crime.
43. In Haroon Haji Abdulla v. State of
Maharashtra
MANU/SC/0060/1967MANU/SC/0060/1967: AIR
1968 SC 832, the view in this regard was
expressed in the following terms:
An accomplice is a competent witness and
his evidence could be accepted and a conviction
based on it if there is nothing significant to
reject it as false. But the rule of prudence,
ingrained in the consideration of accomplice
evidence, requires independent corroborative
evidence first of the offence and next
connecting the accused, against whom the
accomplice evidence is used, with the crime.
45. In Renuka Bai alias Rinku alias Ratan and
Anr. v. State of Maharashtra
MANU/SC/8457/2006MANU/SC/8457/2006:
(2006) 7 SCC 442, the Court held that the
evidence of the approver is always to be viewed
with suspicion especially when it is seriously
suspected that he is suppressing some material
facts.
46. In Ranjeet Singh and Anr. v. State of
Rajasthan
MANU/SC/0410/1988MANU/SC/0410/1988:
(1988) 1 SCC 633, the Court observed that
while looking for corroboration, one must first
[2023/RJJP/003010] (18 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
look at the broad spectrum of the approver's
version and then find out whether there is other
evidence to lend assurance to that version. The
nature and extent of the corroboration may
depend upon the facts of each case and the
corroboration need not be of any direct
evidence that the accused committed the
crime. The corroboration even by circumstantial
evidence may be sufficient.
53. In Anter Singh v. State of Rajasthan
MANU/SC/0096/2004MANU/SC/0096/2004:
(2004) 10 SCC 657, after referring to the
decisions in Madan Singh v. State of Rajasthan
MANU/SC/0126/1978MANU/SC/0126/1978:
(1978) 4 SCC 435, Mohd. Aslam v. State of
Maharashtra
MANU/SC/2255/2000MANU/SC/2255/2000:
(2001) 9 SCC 362, Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emperor
MANU/PR/0049/1946MANU/PR/0049/1946: AIR
1947 PC 67, Prabhoo v. State of U.P.
MANU/SC/0123/1962MANU/SC/0123/1962: AIR
1963 SC 1113 and Mohd. Inayatullah v. State
of Maharashtra
MANU/SC/0166/1975MANU/SC/0166/1975:
(1976) 1 SCC 828, this Court summed up the
following principles:
16. The various requirements of the section can
be summed up as follows:
(1) The fact of which evidence is sought to be
given must be relevant to the issue. It must be
borne in mind that the provision has nothing to
do with the question of relevancy. The
relevancy of the fact discovered must be
established according to the prescriptions
relating to relevancy of other evidence
connecting it with the crime in order to make
the fact discovered admissible.
(2) The fact must have been discovered.
(3) The discovery must have been in
consequence of some information received
from the accused and not by the accused's own
act.
(4) The person giving the information
must be accused of any offence.
[2023/RJJP/003010] (19 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
(5) He must be in the custody of a police
officer.
(6) The discovery of a fact in consequence of
information received from an accused in
custody must be deposed to.
(7) Thereupon only that portion of the
information which relates distinctly or strictly to
the fact discovered can be proved. The rest is
inadmissible."
(iv)- State of Bihar Vs. Srilal Kejriwal and Ors.
(HC Patna), Govt. Appeal No. 6 of 1957, Decided
on: 26.04.1960.
"29. Nathuram Sharma of Bhiyani, in the district of
Hissar, (P. W. 38) who is the bhagina of the approver
has deposed that in the middle of July 1953 Udami
Maharaj came to his house in Bhiyani. The witness
found his uncle to be depressed and upset. On his
enquiry Udami Maharaj narrated the entire
occurrence to him. The motive for the occurrence,
the manner in which the godown was set fire to and
the names of all the participant; in the crime formed
the subject of this disclosure. This statement was
made by Udami Maharaj as early as could reasonably
be expected in the circumstances of the case and is
undoubtedly admissible under Section 157 of the
Evidence Act although the evidentiary value of the
statement, emanating from the same tainted source,
is not very high.
The learned Judge was of the view that this witness
must in law be deemed to have been an accomplice,
and hence no reliance should be placed upon his
testimony. In this connection he has referred to the
case of Ismail v. Emperor AIR 1947 Lah 220.
According to the learned judge since the witness had
harboured the approver even after the disclosure he
must be deemed to have been an accessory after the
fact. The ruling relied upon by the learned Judge,
however, does not support him. as has been pointed
out in this case, to constitute a crime the act must,
except in the case of certain statutory crimes, be
accompanied by a criminal intent or by such
negligence or in difference to duty or to
consequences as is regarded by the law as equivalent
[2023/RJJP/003010] (20 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
to criminal intent. The term accomplice" has been
explained in this case as follows:
'The expression accomplice' has not been
defined in the Evidence Act, but there can
be little doubt that it means a person who
knowingly or voluntarily co-operates with
or aids, and assists another in the
commission of a crime".
Referring to the Privy Council decision in Mahadeo v.
The King AIR 1936 P.C. 242, Bhandari J., who
delivered the judgment, points out that three
conditions must unite to render one an accessory
after the fact, viz., that the felony must be complete
that the accessory must have knowledge that the
principal committed the felony, and that the
accessory must harbour Or assist the principal felon,
He then observes:
"Mere acts of charity which relieve or
comfort a felon, but do not hinder his
apprehension and conviction nor aid his
escape, do not render one an accessory
after the fact (4 Blackstone's
commentaries p. 38). He must be proved
to have done some act to assist the felon
personally R. v. Chappie (1840) 9 C and P.
355. The mere fact, that one had
knowledge that a crime had been
committed, and that he concealed or failed
to disclose such knowledge, does not
render him an accomplice. If, for example,
the concealment is due to the witness's
anxiety for his own safety rather than to
any desire to shield the criminal, he would
not be an accomplice. Nor would be a
person who remains passively silent after
obtaining knowledge of the commission of
the crime be an accessory or an
accomplice within the rule as to the
testimony of accomplices. To render a
person an accomplice his participation in
the crime must be criminally corrupt".
Judged by these tests it is impossible to urge that
Nathuram Sharma was an accomplice. The evidence
shows that he is a student and a Junior member of
the family. The approver's visit must have been
taken by the witness to be a visit by a near relation
[2023/RJJP/003010] (21 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
in the ordinary course. It would be preposterous to
suggest that he harboured him with a criminal
intent. I am unable, therefore, to hold that the
witness is an accomplice. As, however, pointed out
before, the evidence of this witness is not of much
probative value since he has deposed only to the
statement of the approver himself. There is,
however, no bar to the statement of the approver
being used as corroboration, whatever be the value
of his evidence in court."
18- izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ,oa mijksDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr
fl)karksa ds ifjizs{; esa geus i=koyh dk lEekuiwoZd ,oa xgurkiwoZd
voyksdu fd;k rFkk mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu fd;kA
19- gLrxr ekeysa esa i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ,oa nkSjkus cgl fd,
x, dFkuksa ls ;g Lohd`r rF; gS fd ?kVuk ds laca/k esa izdj.k esa dksbZ
p'enhn lk{kh ugha gS rFkk mDr izdj.k vizwoj eqthc ds c;ku ,oa
ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS] bl lanHkZ esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh lk{kh
ih-MCY;w 34 fd'kksj cqVksfy;k }kjk viuh izfrj{kk esa Hkh ;g Lohdkj fd;k
x;k gS fd ?kVuk dk dksbZ p'enhn lk{kh ugha gS rFkk lkFk gh ;g Hkh
Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd mlus izn'kZ ih&61 tks fd xokg }kjk eq[;
U;kf;d eftLVsªV dks eqthc dks lqYrkuh xokg cukus gsrq izLrqr fd;k x;k
gS] mlesa bl ckr dk vadu fd;k gS fd ?kVuk dk dksbZ p'enhn lk{kh ugha
gS] bl lwjr esa eqdnek gktk esa lQyrk dh xqatkbZ'k de gS] ftlls
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ds dFkukuqlkj Hkh gLrxr izdj.k esa ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa
dksbZ p'enhn lk{kh uk gksuk izdV gksrk gSA
20- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vius mijksDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ds
ek/;e ls ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ;|fi vizwoj
¼lg&vijk/kh½ ,d l{ke lk{kh gksrk gS] fdarq pwafd mlds }kjk ?kVuk dks
djus esa Hkkx ,oa lg;ksx fy;k tkrk gS] ,sls esa mlds }kjk nh xbZ lk{;
dks lansg dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tkuk pkfg,] D;ksafd mlds dFkuksa esa iw.kZ
fo'oluh;rk ugha gksrh gS rFkk fdlh ekeysa esa vizwoj ds dFku ds Øe esa
vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) djrs le; i=koyh ij vfHk;qDrx.k dh
[2023/RJJP/003010] (22 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
nks"kflf) gsrq vU; lEiqf"Vdkjd lk{; gksuh vko';d gS] muds }kjk ;g Hkh
vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd izR;sd ekeysa esa U;k;ky; dks vizwoj dh lk{;
ij fopkj djrs oDr loZizFke ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd D;k mldh mDr lk{;
Lora= ,oa fo'oluh; gS rFkk ;fn U;k;ky; ;g ikrk gS fd mDr lk{;
Lora= ,oa fo'oluh; gS] rks fQj U;k;ky; dks mlesa vkxs ;g ns[kuk t:jh
gS fd D;k mDr lk{; dh lEiqf"V djus gsrq vU; lk{; i=koyh ij
fo|eku gS rFkk izdj.k esa vizwoj }kjk fd, x, dFku dh iqf"V i=koyh ij
miyC/k vU; lk{; ls dM+h ls dM+h cukrs gq, gks jgh gS ;k ugha rFkk mDr
nksuksa fcUnq izekf.kr gksus ij gh vizwoj dh lk{; ds vk/kkj ij fdlh ekeysa
esa vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
21- gLrxr izdj.k esa ;fn vizwoj eqthc dh lk{; ij fopkj djs rks
vizwoj eqthc }kjk gLrxr izdj.k esa vius U;k;ky; ds le{k c;kuksa esa ;g
dFku fd;k x;k gS fd og 22 ekpZ dks cl LVS.M ls gksdj vdsyk ?kj tk
jgk Fkk] jkLrs esa mls 'kkfdj] ijost] foDdh feys] tks rhuksa gkFkkikbZ dj jgs
Fks] oks mudks igys ls tkurk Fkk mlus iwNk fd yM+kbZ D;ks dj jgs gks rks
'kkfdj us mls ogka ls tkus ds fy, dgk rFkk ;g Hkh crk;k fd foDdh ds
mldh ?kjokyh ds lkFk uktk;t laca/k gS] fQj 'kkfdj us vius dkjhxj
eksbZu dks Qksu fd;k vkSj mls dgk fd mlds HkkbZ [kkfyn dks ysdj ihyh
Vadh ds ikl vk tk foDdh dks etk p[kkuk gS] 15&20 feuV ds ckn eksbZu
o [kkfyn ogka vk, vkSj foDdh ds lkFk ekjihV 'kq: dj nh rFkk fQj pkjksa
'kkfdj] [kkfyn] ijost] eksbZu us foDdh ds lkFk ekjihV 'kq: dj nh]
'kkfdj us foDdh ds lkFk cqjk dke fd;k] pUnzizdk'k us foDdh ds lkFk cqjk
dke fd;k rFkk 'kkfdj us foDdh ds eqag esa IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ka ?kqlk nh]
[kkfyn us lhus ij ?kqVuk j[kdj xyk nck fn;k rFkk fQj bu ikapksa us mls
ukys esa QSad fn;k] mlus ?kVuk 8&10 fQV dh nwjh ls ns[kh Fkh] og ?kVuk
ds ckn ?kj Hkkx x;k Fkk rFkk ?kj tkdj lks x;kA bl izdkj vizwoj eqthc
}kjk vius mDr c;kuksa esa mlds }kjk] ek= ?kVuk ns[kus rFkk
rFkkdfFkr ?kVuk dks dkfjr djus esa mlds }kjk Hkkx ugha ysus dk dFku
[2023/RJJP/003010] (23 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
fd;k x;k gS] gekjh fouez jk; esa vizwoj ¼lg&vijk/kh½ dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkus
ds fy, loZizFke ml O;fDr dks fdlh Hkh :i esa ml ?kVuk esa Hkkx ysuk
vFkok ?kVuk dks dkfjr djus esa lg;ksx djuk vko';d gksrk gSA vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;w 34 fd'kksj cqVksfy;k }kjk Hkh viuh izfrijh{kk esa vizwoj
ds lanHkZ esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd ;g lgh gS fd ljdkjh xokg og
O;fDr gksrk gS] ftlus fdlh vijk/k esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa Hkkx fy;k gks]
;g lgh gS fd ,-Mh-ih- lkgc Vksad us eqthc ds /kkjk 164 na-iz-la- ds c;kuksa
ds voyksdu ds ckn viuh jk; esa mls ;g crk;k Fkk fd dkuwuu :i ls
eqthc ljdkjh xokg dh ifjHkk"kk esa ugha vkrk gS] D;ksafd mlus Lo;a dks
vkjksfir vijk/k ds laca/k esa funksZ"k o lfEefyr gksus dk dFku fdlh
Hkh :i esa O;Dr ugha fd;k gS] ,slh lwjr esa og vfHk;qDr vizwoj ¼ljdkjh
xokg½ dh ifjHkk"kk esa ugha vkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa gLrxr izdj.k esa U;kf;d
n`"Vkarksa State of Bihar Vs. Srilal Kejriwal and Ors. (Supra) ,oa
Ram Narain Vs. State of Bihar (Supra) ds ifjizs{; esa eqthc
dk ?kVuk dks dkfjr djus esa Hkkx ugha ysus ls ;|fi mldk vizwoj
¼lg&vijk/kh½ dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkuk izFken`"V~;k izdV ugha gksrk gS] fdUrq
vc izLrqr ekeys esa gesa ;g ns[kuk gS fd D;k mlds }kjk U;k;ky; esa
lk{kh ds :i esa fd, x, dFku Hkh Lora= ,oa fo'oluh; gSa ;k ugha ,oa
mudh iqf"V i=koyh ij miyC/k vU; lk{; ls gks jgh gS ;k ugha\ bl
lanHkZ esa ;fn i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; dk voyksdu djsa rks xokg
us ;|fi vius c;kuksa esa mldk ?kVuk esa Hkkx ugha ysus] dsoy mls ns[kus
dk dFku fd;k gS] fdarq izFken`"V~;k gh mlds mDr dFku dh iqf"V i=koyh
ij miyC/k vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh ls ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd i=koyh esa layXu
lwpuk izn'kZ Mh&3 esa mlds }kjk vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dks vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh
ds nkSjku ;g lwpuk nh xbZ gS fd ftl LFkku ij mlus rFkk mlds lkFk
okys yksxksa us yfyr mQZ foDdh dk dRy fd;k Fkk rFkk ftl LFkku ij
yk'k dks fBdkus yxk;k og LFkku ikuh dh Vadh ds ikl LVsfM;e ds ihNs
gS] ftldks og pydj crk ldrk gS rFkk izn'kZ Mh&4 esa mlds }kjk
[2023/RJJP/003010] (24 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dks ;g lwpuk nh xbZ gS fd oDr ?kVuk tks pIiy
mlus igu j[kh Fkh og IykfLVd dh pIiy mlus vkt Hkh igu j[kh gS]
ftudks Lo;a ds iSjksa ls mrkjdj is'k djus ij tfj, QnZ tCrh izn'kZ Mh&6
ds tCr fd;k x;k] ftlls mldk ;g dFku izekf.kr ugha gks ikrk gS fd
mlus ?kVuk dkfjr djus esa Hkkx ugha fy;k Fkk] cfYd mlds }kjk ?kVuk
djus esa Hkkx fy;k tkuk izdV gksrk gS] D;ksafd xokg us vius U;k;ky; ds
le{k c;kuksa esa izn'kZ Mh&3 ,oa izn'kZ Mh&4 lwpuk mlus vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh dks ugha nh] ,slk dksbZ dFku ugha fd;k x;k gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g
Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd gLrxr izdj.k esa vizwoj eqthc }kjk nh xbZ lwpuk
izn'kZ Mh&3 ds vk/kkj ij vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh }kjk e`rd foDdh ds lkFk
ftl LFkku ij ekjihV dh xbZ rFkk ftl LFkku ij mls Mkyk x;k Fkk] ml
LFkku dk uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ Mh&5 Hkh mldh fu'kknsgh ls cuk;k x;k gS
rFkk mldh lwpuk ds vuqlkj izn'kZ Mh&6 ds tfj, ?kVuk ds oDr iguh
mldh pIiy dks tCr fd;k x;k gS] ftlls gLrxr izdj.k esa mlds bl
dFku fd] mlus ?kVuk dks dkfjr djus esa dksbZ Hkkx ugha fy;k Fkk] ek=
mls ns[kk x;k Fkk dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks
ikrh gS] cfYd mlds }kjk ckn esa U;k;ky; ds le{k fd;k x;k mDr dFku
lksp&le>dj ¼Afterthought½ fdlh nwjorhZ mÌs'; dh iwfrZ esa fd;k tkuk
izdV gksrk gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lgvfHk;qDr 'kkfdj us
vius c;ku eqyfTke esa vizwoj eqthc o mlds nksLr }kjk e`rd foDdh ls
vizkd`frd eSFkwu djuk rFkk vizwoj eqthc }kjk gh e`rd foDdh ds eqag esa
ekSds ij iM+h iUuh dh FkSfy;ksa dks ?kqlkus dk dFku fd;k gS rFkk lkFk
gh ;g Hkh dFku fd;k gS fd vizwoj eqthc djksM+ifr gS] mlus mlds firk
ds tfj, :i, nsdj] >wBk ljdkjh xokg cudj] >wBs c;ku dksVZ esa fn, gS
rFkk iqjkuh Vksd
a lh-vkbZ- mlls tsy esa Hkh feyus vk, Fks] ftlls
lgvfHk;qDr ds dFku ls Hkh mlds }kjk ?kVuk dkfjr djus dh ckr izdV
gksrh gS rFkk ?kVuk esa dksbZ lg;ksx ugha djus ,oa ?kVuk ek= vka[kksa ls
[2023/RJJP/003010] (25 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
ns[kus ckcr~ dFku dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks
ikrh gSA
22- gLrxr izdj.k esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd gLrxr izdj.k esa vizwoj
eqthc }kjk viuh izfrijh{kk ds nkSjku ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd izn'kZ
Mh&7 ¼tks fd mlds }kjk vij eq[; U;kf;d eftLVsªV] mfu;kjk Vksad ds
le{k /kkjk 164 n-iz-la- esa ys[kc) djk;k x;k c;ku gS]½ mldk , ls ch]
lh ls Mh] bZ ls ,Q] th ls ,p] vkbZ ls ts] ds ls ,y] ,e ls ,u Hkkxksa esa
Hkh xyr fy[kk gS] lkFk gh vius U;k;ky; ds le{k c;kuksa esa vkxs ;g Hkh
dFku fd;k gS fd mlus vius c;ku izn'kZ Mh&7 esa eftLVªsV egksn;
dks ;g ckr crk nh Fkh] jkLrsa ds vUnj 'kkfdj] ijost] foDdh rhuksa vkil
esa gkFkkikbZ dj jgs Fks] ;g c;ku izn'kZ Mh&7 esa D;ksa ugha fy[kk irk ugha
gS] mlus eftLVªsV lkgc dks ;g ckr crk nh Fkh fd rhuksa dh vkokt
lqudj buds ikl x;k Fkk] ;g izn'kZ Mh&7 esa D;ksa ugha fy[kk irk ugha gS]
mlus eftLVªsV lkgc dks vius c;ku izn'kZ Mh&7 esa bu yksxksa dks igys ls
tkurk Fkk] D;ksafd os mlds ;gka QuhZpj dk dke djds x;s Fks] crk nh Fkh
mlesa D;ksa ugha gS irk ugha gS] mls ;g /;ku ugha fd izn'kZ Mh&7 esa] mlus
NqMkus dh dksf'k'k bl dkj.k ls ugha dh fd ;s lHkh yksx mlls fpids gq,
Fks izn'kZ Mh&7 esa D;kas ugha gS mls irk ugha gS rFkk mlds c;ku izn'kZ
Mh&8 dk th ls ,p Hkkx Hkh xyr fy[kk gS] ftlls Hkh mlds iwoZorhZ ,oa
orZeku esa U;k;ky; ds le{k gq, c;kuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl mRiUu gksrk gS rFkk
U;k;ky; ds le{k fd, x, dFku lksp le>dj ¼ Afterthought½ fdlh
nwjorhZ mns'; ls fd, tkuk izdV gksus ls iqu% mlds }kjk U;k;ky; ds
le{k fd, dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks
ikrh gSA
23- gLrxr izdj.k esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vizwoj eqthc }kjk
U;k;ky; ds le{k ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa fd, x, dFkuksa dh iqf"V Hkh
vfHk;kstu lk{; ls Hkh ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd mlus vius U;k;ky; ds le{k
gq, c;kuksa esa ;|fi ?kVuk ds le; lgvfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj ,oa
[2023/RJJP/003010] (26 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
pUnzizdk'k }kjk e`rd foDdh ds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu djuk rFkk
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk mldh xyk nckdj e`R;q dkfjr djuk crk;k gS] fdarq
gLrxr izdj.k esa mlds mDr dFku dh lEiqf"V esfMdy lk{; ls ugha gqbZ]
D;ksafd bl lanHkZ esa xokg ih-MCY;w 19 MkW- gkfen gqlSu us vius c;kuksa esa
oDr ijh{k.k xqnk }kj esa ckgjh o van:uh pksVsa ugha gksuk rFkk iksLVekWVZe
fjiksVZ ds nkSjku ,slk dksbZ izek.k ugha feyuk] ftlls ;g dgk tk lds fd
e`Rkd ds lkFk xqnk eSFkwu gqvk gS rFkk xqnk }kj QVk gqvk ugha gksuk rFkk
xqnk }kj ij oh;Z ugha feyus dk dFku fd;k gS ,oa mDr xokg }kjk
vkxs ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd cksMZ dh jk; esa e`R;q dk dkj.k
ne ?kqVuk Fkk rFkk foDdh dh e`R;q xyk nckus ls ugha gksdj ne ?kqVus ls
gqbZ Fkh rFkk ;g lgh gS fd foDdh ds xys ij vaxqfy;ksa ds fu'kku ugha feys
rFkk vkbM cksu dk ÝSDpj Hkh ugh Fkk rFkk bl lanHkZ esa vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;w 34 fd'kksj cqVksfy;k }kjk Hkh Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd
mldh rQ~rh'k eas ?kVukLFky ij e`rd ds diM+ksa ,oa dwYgs ij oh;Z ugha
feyk FkkA gLrxr ekeysa esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vizkd`frd eSFkwu dks
lkfcr djus ds fy, ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ Hkh U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha gqbZ gS]
ftlls vizwoj eqthc }kjk U;k;ky; ds le{k fd, x, dFku fd ?kVuk ls
igys e`rd foDdh ds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk mldh
xyk nckdj gR;k fd, tkus dh ckr Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha
gksus ls mlds }kjk bl laca/k esa fd, x, dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk
;qfDr;qDr langs ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh mlds ?kVuk ds laca/k
esa fd, x, dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gSA
24- gLrxr izdj.k esa blh izdkj ;|fi vizwoj eqthc }kjk vius
U;k;ky; ds le{k c;kuksa esa 'kkfdj }kjk eksbZu dks Qksu djds eksbZu o
[kkfyn dks cqykus dk dFku fd;k x;k gS] fdarq izFker% rks izdj.k esa xokg
ds mDr dFku ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ lk{; Qksu fMVsYl ,oa yksds'ku ds lanHkZ esa
izLrqr ugha gqbZ gS rFkk bl laca/k esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;w 34 fd'kksj
cqVksfy;k }kjk viuh ftjg esa Hkh ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd mlus]
[2023/RJJP/003010] (27 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
'kkfdj ds }kjk ?kVukLFky ls eksbZu dks Qksu fd;k] bl ckcr~ dksbZ rLnhd
ugha fd] uk gh eksckby tCr fd;k] uk gh 'kkfdj ds eksckby dh
oDr ?kVuk D;k yksds'ku Fkh ;g ekywe fd;k gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh
mYys[kuh; gS fd lgvfHk;qDr 'kkfdj }kjk vius c;ku eqyfte esa vizwoj
eqthc ds mDr dFkuksa ds foijhr eqthc }kjk Qksu djds mlds HkkbZ vkfcn
dks cqykuk vafdr djk;k x;k gS] ftlls Hkh vizwoj eqthc ds bl ckcr~
fd, x, dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks
ikrh gS] lkFk gh lkFk Qksu fMVsYl ds vHkko esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh
dM+hc) J`a[kyk Hkh ugha cu ikrh gS] D;ksafd gekjh fouez jk; esa eqyfteku
ds eksckby tCr dj mudh dkWy fMVsy o ?kVuk ds le; eqyfteku ds
eksckby dh yksds'ku vkfn ekywe djus ij gh ;g rF; fof/kor :Ik ls
izekf.kr gks ldrk Fkk fd okLro esa fdlds }kjk ?kVukLFky ls Qksu fd;k
x;k Fkk rFkk ekSds ij dkSu&dkSu yksx oDr ?kVuk mifLFkr Fks] ftlds
vHkko esa tgka eqthc ds bl ckcr~ fd, x, dFku dh fo'oluh;rk lansg ls
ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh vihykFkhZx.k dh ekSds ij mifLFkfr Hkh
lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gSA bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd
gLrxr izdj.k esa ;|fi eqthc }kjk ekSds ij [kkfyn] ijost] eksbZu dk
gksuk crk;k x;k gS] fdarq lgvfHk;qDr 'kkfdj us vius c;ku eqyfte esa
[kkfyn] eksbZu] ijost dk ekSds ij ugha gksus dk dFku fd;k gS rFkk xokg
Mh-MCY;w&1 jQhd us vfHk;qDr [kkfyn dk] Mh-MCY;w&2 eqdhe us vfHk;qDr
ijost dk rFkk Mh-MCY;w&3 edlwn us vfHk;qDr eksbZuqn~nhu dk ?kVuk ds
fnu o le; ij muds lkFk gksuk crk;k gS] ftlls Hkh
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k eksbZuqn~nhu] ijost] [kkfyn ds ekSds ij mifLFkr
gksus dh ckr ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fLk) ugha gks ikrh gSA
25- gLrxr izdj.k esa blh izdkj ;|fi vizwoj eqthc }kjk vius c;kukas
esa mlds }kjk ?kVuk 8&10 fQV dh nwjh ls ns[kuk crk;k x;k gS] fdarq
mldk mDr dFku Hkh fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gS] D;ksafd mlds }kjk
vius /kkjk 164 n-iz-la- ds c;ku izn'kZ Mh&7] tks fnukad 27-05-2011 dks
[2023/RJJP/003010] (28 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
ys[kc) gq, gS] mlesa mlds }kjk ?kVuk 10&15 fQV dh nwjh ls ns[kuk
crk;k x;k gS] izLrqr ekeys esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd ?kVukLFky ij
ykbV ugha Fkh rFkk mDr rF; ih-MCY;w 34 vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh fd'kksj
cqVksfy;k }kjk viuh izfrijh{kk esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd ;g lgh gS
fd ?kVukLFky ij dksbZ ykbV ugha Fkh oDr ?kVuk va/ksjk Fkk vkSj pkan dh
jks'kuh Fkh] ,ssls esa xokg dk ;g dFku fd mlus ?kVuk ns[kh Fkh Hkh
fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gS] D;ksafd gekjh fouez jk; esa pkan dh jks'kuh
ek= esa 10&15 fQV dh nwjh ls fdlh ?kVuk dks Li"V rkSj ij ns[kk tkuk
laHko ugha gSA blh izdkj vizwoj eqthc }kjk vius U;k;ky; ds le{k c;kuksa
esa ;|fi ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd jkLrs esa mls 'kkfdj] ijost] foDdh
feys Fks] ftudks og igys ls tkurk Fkk] D;ksafd os mlds ;gka QuhZpj dk
dke djds x;s Fks] fdarq mlds }kjk vkxs gh ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd
og foDdh dks igys ls ugha tkurk Fkk] ftlls xokg }kjk ,d gh Lokal esa
ijLij fojks/kkHkklh dFku fd;k tkuk Hkh izdV gksus ls gLrxr izdj.k esa
iqu% mlds }kjk fd, x, dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs
fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] cfYd U;k;ky; ds le{k fd, x, dFku
lksp&le>dj ¼Afterthought½ fdlh nwjorhZ mns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, fd,
tkuk izdV gksrk gSSA blh izdkj gLrxr izdj.k esa ;|fi eqthc us vius
c;ku esa 'kkfdj }kjk foDdh ds mldh vkSjr ls uktk;t laca/k gksuk crkuk
rFkk bl dkj.k foDdh dks etk p[kkus dk dFku fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq
gLrxr izdj.k esa foDdh ds 'kkfdj dh vkSjr ls uktk;t laca/k ds lanHkZ esa
Hkh vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha gqbZ gS] ftlls Hkh mlds
dFku dh lEiqf"V vU; lk{; ls ugha gksus ls mlds dFku dh fo'oluh;rk
;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikbZ gSA
26- vc gLrxr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) vuqla/kku
ds nkSjku fopkj.kh; fcUnw ds lanHkZ esa ,df=r vU; lk{; ij fopkj djsa rks
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh }kjk ;|fi xokg 'kadj yky o xksiky yky ds le{k
iapk;rukek izn'kZ ih-&2] uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ ih-&3] e`rd dh 'kVZ] iSUV]
[2023/RJJP/003010] (29 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
v.Mjfo;j izn'kZ ih-&4] e`rd dh pIiy izn'kZ ih-&5 ds tfj;s tCr djuk
o mDr QnZ nLrkost cukuk crk;k gS] fdUrq bl lanHkZ esa ;fn xokg
ih-MCY;w-&5 xksiky yky o ih-MCY;w-&8 'kadj yky dh mDr nLrkostkr ds
lanHkZ esa nh x;h lk{; ij fopkj djsa rks gLrxr izdj.k esa xokg
ih-MCY;w&5 xksiky yky i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gqvk gS ,oa mlus vius c;kuksa esa
iqfyl }kjk mlds lkeus dqN ugha djus rFkk mlds tcjnLrh gLrk{kj
djokus rFkk izn'kZ ih-&2 yxk;r izn'kZ ih-&5 ij [kkyh dkxtksa ij
gLrk{kj djokus dk dFku fd;k gS] blh izdkj xokg ih-MCY;w-&8 'kadj
yky us Hkh iqfyl }kjk mlds lkeus uD'kk ekSdk] iapk;rukek] pIiy] diM+s
tCr ugha djus ,oa mls lkbZu djus ds fy, dgus ij lkbZu djuk rFkk
izn'kZ ih-&2 yxk;r izn'kZ ih-&5 ij D;k fy[kk gS mls irk ugha gksus dk
dFku fd;k gS] ftlls tgka mDr QnkZr~ dh dk;Zokgh gLrxr ekeys esa
;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh vuqla/kku ds nkSjku
e`rd ds diM+s tCr fd, x, Fks] uD'kk ekSdk o iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh
dh xbZ Fkh] dh iqf"V ugha gksus ls vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk
ugha cu ikrh gS] ;|fi gLrxr ekeys esa e`rd ls tCr 'kVZ o v.Mjfo;j
ij ^^ch** xqzi dk [kwu feyuk ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&65 ls izdV gqvk
gS] fdUrq izFke rks mDr 'kVZ o v.Mjfo;j tCrh dh dk;Zokgh ;qfDr;qDr
lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gqbZ gS] lkFk gh vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk ;g Hkh fdlh
lk{; ls izekf.kr ugha fd;k x;k gS fd 'kVZ o v.Mjfo;j ij tks ^^ch** xqzi
dk [kwu ik;k x;k gS og e`rd dk Fkk ;k vfHk;qDrx.k dk Fkk] ftlls 'kVZ
o v.Mjfo;j ij ^^ch** xzqi dk [kwu feyus ek= ls Hkh vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh
dM+hc) J`a[kyk ugha cu ikrh gS] lkFk gh vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) fopkj.kh;
fcUnw ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrk gSA
27- gLrxr izdj.k esa blh izdkj ;|fi vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;w-&34 fd'kksj cqVksfy;k }kjk vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj ls diM+s ,oa
IykfLVd dh pIiy tfj;s QnZ izn'kZ ih-&13 o izn'kZ ih-&14] vfHk;qDr
ijost ls pIiy tfj;s QnZ izn'kZ ih-&15] vfHk;qDr [kkfyn ls lSaMy tfj;s
[2023/RJJP/003010] (30 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
QnZ izn'kZ ih-&16] xokg jktsUnz flag o cnzhyky dh mifLFkfr esa tCr
djuk crk;k x;k gS rFkk mDr QnkZr~ ds lanHkZ esa xokg cnzhyky
ih-MCY;w-&11 ds :i esa ,oa xokg jktsUnz flag ih-MCY;w-&12 ds :i esa
U;k;ky; ds le{k ijhf{kr gq, gSa] tks fd iqfyl foHkkx ds deZpkjh gSa]
fdUrq izFke rks mDr nksuksa gh lk{khx.k ds mDr leLr QnkZr~ dh dk;Zokgh
ds nkSjku Fkkus ij rSukr gksus ,oa ekSds ij mDr QnkZr~ dh dk;Zokgh djus
ds nkSjku lkFk tkus ds rF; dh iqf"V izdj.k esa jkstukeps ,oa okgu dh
ykWx'khV U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha gksus ls] ugha gks ikbZ gS] gekjh fouez jk;
esa jkstukepk o okgu dh ykWx'khV izLrqr gksus ij gh ;g rF; iw.kZ :i ls
lansg ls ijs lkfcr gksdj mDr rF; dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk cu ldrh Fkh fd
mDr QnkZr~ ds le; mDr nksuksa xokgku Fkkus ij rSukr gksdj mDr QnkZr~
dh dk;Zokgh ds fy, x;s FksA ,sls esa jkstukepk o okgu ykWx'khV gLrxr
izdj.k esa izLrqr ugha gksus ls mDr QnkZr dh dk;Zokgh xokgku ds le{k
gksuk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa ;g
Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd xokg ih-MCY;w-&11 cnzhyky ds }kjk viuh izfrijh{kk
esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd 'kkfdj] ijost o [kkfyn ls pIiysa Fkkus esa
tCr dh Fkh] rhuksa dks Fkkus ls ckgj ysdj ugha x;sA bl lanHkZ esa ;fn
izn'kZ ih-&14 QnZ tIrh pIiy dk voyksdu djsa tks fd vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj
ls cjken gksuk crk;k x;k gS] esa ;g vafdr gS fd mijksDr xokgku ds
le{k 'kkfdj mQZ fcYyw us vius edku ij ls vius dejs dh Nr ij
ls ,d tksMh IykfLVd dh pIiy ykdj is'k djus ij IykfLVd dh pIiyksa
dks tCr dj otg lcwr dCtk iqfyl fy;k x;k] ftlls xokg }kjk izLrqr
mDr dFku dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS] fd vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj dh pIiysa Fkkus
ij gh tIr dh x;h Fkh ,oa mls Fkkus ls ckgj ysdj ugha x;s Fks ,oa QnZ
nLrkost izn'kZ ih&14 dh dk;Zokgh Hkh tgka lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh
gS lkFk gh mlds dFku dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh
gSA blh izdkj xokg ih-MCY;w- 11 us viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Hkh dFku fd;k
gS fd diM+ksa dks tCr fd;k Fkk rc ,d gh QnZ esa gLrk{kj djok;s Fks] tks
[2023/RJJP/003010] (31 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
izn'kZ ih-&13 gS] ekSds ij vU; fdlh dkxt ij gLrk{kj ugha djok;s
FksA ;g lgh gS fd QnZ izn'kZ ih-&9 yxk;r izn'kZ ih-&12 esa bl ckr dk
vadu ugha gS fd eqyfteku us oDr fxjQ~rkjh pIiy] lSaMhy] twrs D;k
igu j[ks Fks] blh lanHkZ esa xokg ih-MCY;w-&12 jktsUnz flag us Hkh viuh
izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd oDr fxjQ~~rkjh vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj]
[kkfyn o eksbZuqn~nhu us D;k igu j[kk Fkk mldk QnZ esa vadu ugha gSA
gLrxr izdj.k esa QnZ fxjQ~rkjh izn'kZ ih-&11 vfHk;qDr [kkfyn fnukad
26-03-2011 dks le; 5-00 ih-,e- ij ,oa QnZ fxjQ~rkjh izn'kZ ih-&12
vfHk;qDr ijost fnukad 27-03-2011 dks le; 7-00 ih-,e- dks cuk;h x;h gS
rFkk mDr nksuksa QnZ fxjQ~rkjh esa vfHk;qDrx.k us fxjQ~rkjh ds le; ikaoksa
esa D;k igu j[kk Fkk ;g uksV vafdr ugha gS rFkk gLrxr izdj.k esa
vfHk;qDr [kkfyn ls tfj;s QnZ lwpuk izn'kZ ih-&53 tks fd fnukad
28-03-2011 dks vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh us ys[kc) dh gS] mlds vuqlkj lSafMy
fnukad 28-03-2011 dks tfj, QnZ izn'kZ ih&16 Fkkus ij tCr djuk crk;k
x;k gS tks Lor% gh mDr cjkenxh dk;Zokgh ds izfr ,d lansg mRiUu
djrk gS] D;ksafd QnZ fxjQ~rkjh izn'kZ ih&11 esa ,slk Hkh uksV vafdr ugha gS
fd oDr fxjQ~rkjh vfHk;qDr uaxs ikao FkkA blh izdkj vfHk;qDr ijost dh
QnZ fxjQ~rkjh izn'kZ ih-&12 tks fnukad 27-03-2011 dks le; 7-00 ih-,e-
ij cuk;h x;h gS] mlesa Hkh mlds }kjk ikaoksa esa D;k iguk x;k Fkk vafdr
ugha gS] fdarq mlds 20 feuV ckn mlls ?kVuk ds oDr iguh x;h pIiy
tfj, QnZ tCrh izn'kZ ih&15 ds Fkkus ij tCr fd;k tkuk crk;k x;k gS]
ftlls mDr QnZ dh dk;Zokgh dh fo'oluh;rk lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks
ikrh gS] D;ksafd i=koyh ij ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha gS fd pIiy fdlh vU;
O;fDr }kjk ykdj Fkkus ij nh xbZ FkhA gLrxr izdj.k esa ;|fi vfHk;qDr
'kkfdj ls tCr 'kVZ ij ^^ch** xzqi dk [kwu ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&65
ds vuqlkj vkuk crk;k x;k gS] fdUrq e`rd dk CyM xqzi D;k Fkk] ;g
vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk izekf.kr ugha djus ls vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj dh 'kVZ ij
[2023/RJJP/003010] (32 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
yxk jDr e`rd foDdh dk Fkk] ;g ckr izekf.kr ugha gks ikrh gS] ftlls
vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk ugha cu ikbZ gSA
28- gLrxr izdj.k esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh ds vuqlkj ;|fi ekSds ls ,d
cVu rFkk fctyh dk fcy tfj;s izn'kZ ih-&6 xokg egkohj o iIiw dqekj
dh mifLFkfr esa tCr djuk crk;k x;k gS] fdUrq bl lanHkZ esa U;k;ky; ds
le{k ijhf{kr xokg ih-MCY;w-&6 egkohj Hkh i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gqvk gS rFkk
mlus mlds lkeus iqfyl }kjk dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha djuk] vius c;kuksa esa
crk;k gS ,oa xokg iIiw dqekj U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr ugha gqvk gSA blh izdkj
vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vfHk;qDRk 'kkfdj ls xokg vtht [kkW o ekSgEen 'kjhQ
dh mifLFkfr esa dSVykWx QuhZpj ,oa dkWih ykbunkj tfj, QnZ tCrh izn'kZ
ih&19 ds tCr fd;k tkuk crk;k x;k gS] fdUrq mDr QnkZr~ ds xokg
ih-MCY;w-&14 vtht [kkW o xokg ih-MCY;w-&15 ekSgEen 'kjhQ] nksuksa gh
vfHk;kstu i{k dh izkFkZuk ij i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gS rFkk mUgksaus vius&vius
c;kuksa esa vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj ds ?kj ls dSVykWx QuhZpj o dkWih tCr djus ls
Li"V badkj fd;k gSA blh izdkj gLrxr izdj.k esa vfHk;qDr eksbZuqn~nhu ls
mldh lwpuk vuqlkj xokg tekyqn~nhu o ykMys fe;ka dh mifLFkfr esa
IykfLVd dh pIiysa tfj, QnZ tCrh izn'kZ ih&36 ds mlds ?kj ls tCr
djuk crk;k x;k gS] fdUrq xokg ih-MCY;w-&31 ykMys fe;ka o xokg
ih-MCY;w-&32 tekyqn~nhu Hkh i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gSa rFkk muds }kjk
vius&vius c;kuksa esa iqfyl }kjk muds lkeus dksbZ tCrh ugha djus ,oa
muds [kkyh dkxtksa ij gLrk{kj djokus dk dFku fd;k x;k gSA blh
izdkj gLrxr izdj.k esa ;|fi vfHk;qDr [kkfyn ls mldh lwpuk vuqlkj
'kVZ] xokg tqEek [kkW o okfgn vgen ds le{k tCr dj QnZ izn'kZ ih-&37
cukus dk dFku fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq xokg ih-MCY;w-&17 tqEek [kkW o
ih-MCY;w-&33 okfgn vgen Hkh i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gSa rFkk mUgksaus
vius&vius c;kuksa esa muds lkeus tCrh ugha djuk rFkk muds gLrk{kj
Fkkus esa djokus dk dFku fd;k gS] ftlls mDr leLr QnkZr~ dh dk;Zokgh
Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gksus ls izdj.k esa fopkj.kh; fcUnq dh
[2023/RJJP/003010] (33 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
iqf"V ugha gks ikbZ gS] lkFk gh vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk ugha
cu ik;h gSA
29- gLrxr izdj.k esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vuqla/kku ds nkSjku ekSds
ls QqV fizUV tfj, QnZ tCrh izn'kZ ih&1 ds mBkuk crk;k x;k gS] fdUrq
mDr QqV fizUV dh tkap fjiksVZ Hkh U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha gqbZ gSA gekjh
fouez jk; esa mDr fjiksVZ izLrqr gksus ij gh ;g rF; ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls
ijs izekf.kr gks ldrk Fkk fd ?kVuk ds le; ?kVukLFky ij
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k mifLFkr Fks rFkk ?kVuk ds rqjUr ckn muds QqV
fizUV ogka ls feys Fks] ftlls vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk cu
ldrh FkhA
30- bl izdkj vuqla/kku ds nkSjku ,df=r lk{; ls Hkh vfHk;kstu dgkuh
,oa vizwoj eqthc ds dFkuksa dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS vkSj uk gh vfHk;kstu
dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk cu ikrh gS] tgka rd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
'kkfdj ds /kkjk 313 na-iz-la- esa fd;s x;s dFkuksa dk iz'u gS rks bl lanHkZ esa
ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; o ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vius fuEu
U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd%&
(i) Nasir Vs. State of U.P. (Jail appeal no. 6662/2011)
Decided on 26-10-2018
" 25. In the present case from the evidence
adduced, there is nothing on record to suggest
that the appellant was at or around his
residence at the relevant time. None of the
prosecution witnesses have supported the
prosecution case that at the relevant time the
appellant was present at his house and had
assaulted the deceased. We are now left only
with the material i.e. the statement of the
accused-appellant under Section 313 Cr.P.C.
wherein he has stated that at the time of
incident he was sleeping at his roof. Now we
have examined two facts as to whether in the
absence of any corroborating evidence only on
the basis of the statement given by the
accused-appellant under Section 313 Cr.P.C.
[2023/RJJP/003010] (34 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
can the appellant be convicted for the offence
punishable under Section 302 IPC ?
26. It is well settled principle of law that the
statement of an accused made under Section
313 Cr.P.C. can be taken into consideration is
not in dispute; not only in view of the what
has been contained under Section 313 (4) of
the Code but also because of the law laid down
by the Hon'ble Apex Court as well as this
Hon'ble Court in several pronouncements. We
may in this regard refer to the decision of this
Court in the Sanatan Naskar v. State of West
Bengal reported in 2010 (8) SCC 249, where
this observed: (SCC page 258-59, paras 21-
24)
"21. The answers by an accused
under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C. are
of relevance for finding out the truth
and examining the veracity of the
case of the prosecution. ...
22. As already noticed, the object of
recording the statement of the
accused under Section 313 of the
Cr.P.C. is to put all incriminating
evidence to the accused so as to
provide him an opportunity to
explain such incriminating
circumstances appearing against him
in the evidence of the prosecution.
At the same time, also permit him to
put forward his own version or
reasons, if he so chooses, in relation
to his involvement or otherwise in
the crime. ... Once such a statement
is recorded, the next question that
has to be considered by the Court is
to what extent and consequences
such statement can be used during
the enquiry and the trial. Over the
period of time, the Courts have
explained this concept and now it
has attained, more or less, certainty
in the field of criminal jurisprudence.
23. The statement of the accused
can be used to test the veracity of
the exculpatory nature of the
[2023/RJJP/003010] (35 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
admission, if any, made by the
accused. It can be taken into
consideration in any enquiry or trial
but still it is not strictly evidence in
the case. The provisions of Section
313(4) of Cr.P.C. explicitly provides
that the answers given by the
accused may be taken into
consideration in such enquiry or trial
and put in evidence for or against
the accused in any other enquiry into
or trial for, any other offence for
which such answers may tend to
show he has committed. In other
words, the use is permissible as per
the provisions of the Code but has
its own limitations. The Courts may
rely on a portion of the statement of
the accused and find him guilty in
consideration of the other evidence
against him led by the prosecution,
however, such statements made
under this Section should not be
considered in isolation but in
conjunction with evidence adduced
by the prosecution.
24. Another important caution that
Courts have declared in the
pronouncements is that conviction of
the accused cannot be based merely
on the statement made under
Section 313 of the Cr.P.C. as it
cannot be regarded as a substantive
piece of evidence....."
(ii) Brajendra Singh Vs. State of Madhya Pradesh (2012)
4 SCC 289
"15. It is a settled principle of law that the
statement of an accused under Section 313
Cr.P.C. can be used as evidence against the
accused, insofar as it supports the case of the
prosecution. Equally true is that the statement
under Section 313 Cr.P.C. simplicitor normally
cannot be made the basis for conviction of the
accused. But where the statement of the
[2023/RJJP/003010] (36 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. is in line with
the case of the prosecution, then certainly the
heavy onus of proof on the prosecution is, to
some extent, reduced."
(iii) Ashok Kumar VS. State of Haryana (Cri. Appeal no.
1489 of 2004) Decided on 08 July, 2010
"22. Now we may proceed to discuss the
evidence led by the prosecution in the present case.
In order to bring the issues raised within a narrow
compass we may refer to the statement of the
accused made under Section 313, Cr.PC. It is a
settled principle of law that dual purpose is sought to
be achieved when the Courts comply with the
mandatory requirement of recording the statement of
an accused under this provision. Firstly, every
material piece of evidence which the prosecution
proposes to use against the accused should be put to
him in clear terms and secondly, the accused should
have a fair chance to give his explanation in relation
to that evidence as well as his own versions with
regard to alleged involvement in the crime. This dual
purpose has to be achieved in the interest of the
proper administration of criminal justice and in
accordance with the provisions of the Cr.P.C.
Furthermore, the statement under Section 313 of the
Cr.PC can be used by the Court in so far as it
corroborates the case of the prosecution. Of course,
conviction per se cannot be based upon the
statement under Section 313 of the Cr.PC.
23. Let us examine the essential features of this
section and the principles of law as enunciated by
judgments of this Court, which are the guiding factor
for proper application and consequences which shall
flow from the provisions of Section 313 of the Cr.PC.
As already noticed, the object of recording the
statement of the accused under Section 313 of the
Cr.PC is to put all incriminating evidence to the
accused so as to provide him an opportunity to
explain such incriminating circumstances appearing
against him in the evidence of the prosecution. At the
same time, also permit him to put forward his own
version or reasons, if he so chooses, in relation to his
involvement or otherwise in the crime. The Court has
been empowered to examine the accused but only
after the prosecution evidence has been concluded. It
is a mandatory obligation upon the Court and besides
[2023/RJJP/003010] (37 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
ensuring the compliance thereof, the Court has to
keep in mind that the accused gets a fair chance to
explain his conduct. The option lies with the accused
to maintain silence coupled with simplicitor denial or,
in the alternative, to explain his version and reasons,
for his alleged involvement in the commission of
crime. This is the statement which the accused
makes without fear or right of the other party to
cross-examine him. However, if the statements made
are false, the Court is entitled to draw adverse
inferences and pass consequential orders, as may be
called for, in accordance with law. The primary
purpose is to establish a direct dialogue between the
Court and the accused and to put every important
incriminating piece of evidence to the accused and
grant him an opportunity to answer and explain.
Once such a statement is recorded, the next question
that has to be considered by the Court is to what
extent and consequences such statement can be
used during the enquiry and the trial. Over the period
of time, the Courts have explained this concept and
now it has attained, more or less, certainty in the
field of criminal jurisprudence. The statement of the
accused can be used to test the veracity of the
exculpatory of the admission, if any, made by the
accused. It can be taken into consideration in any,
enquiry or trial but still it is not strictly an evidence in
the case. The provisions of Section 313 (4) of the
Cr.PC explicitly provides that the answers given by
the accused may be taken into consideration in such
enquiry or trial and put in as evidence for or against
the accused in any other enquiry or trial for any
other offence for which, such answers may tend to
show he has committed. In other words, the use of a
statement under Section 313 of Cr.PC as an evidence
is permissible as per the provisions of the Code but
has its own limitations. The Courts may rely on a
portion of the statement of the accused and find him
guilty in consideration of the other evidence against
him led by the prosecution, however, such
statements made under this Section should not be
considered in isolation but in conjunction with
evidence adduced by the prosecution. Another
important caution that Courts have declared in the
pronouncements is that conviction of the accused
cannot be based merely on the statement made
under Section 313 of the Cr.PC as it cannot be
regarded as a substantive piece of evidence."
[2023/RJJP/003010] (38 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
31- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk bl izdkj vius U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ds
ek/;e ls ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ek= vfHk;qDr ds /kkjk 313 na-iz-la-
ds rgr fd;s x;s dFku ds vk/kkj ij mls nks"kfl) ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gS] mlds dFku dh lEiqf"V i=koyh ij miyC/k vU; lk{; ls gksuk
vko';d gS] D;ksafd /kkjk 313 na-iz-la- ds rgr fd;k x;k dFku lkjoku
lk{; dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrk gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
'kkfdj }kjk /kkjk 313 n-iz-la- eas fd, x, dFkuksa dk mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa
ds ifjizs{; esa fopkj djsa rks mlus vius] c;ku eqyfte esa mldk ekSds ij
mifLFkr gksuk] eqthc }kjk Qksu djds vkfcn o mlds nksLr dks cqykuk]
eqthc o mlds nksLr }kjk foDdh ds lkFk cqjk dke djuk ,oa eqthc }kjk
foDdh ds eqag esa ogka iM+h FkSfy;ka ?kqlsM+ nsuk rFkk fQj mu pkjksa }kjk
foDdh dks csgks'kh dh gkyr esa mBkdj ukyh esa j[k nsus dk dFku fd;k gS]
fdUrq izFker% rks gLrxr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dh ekSds ij]
?kVuk ds le; mifLFkfr] dkWy fMVsYl ,oa QqV fizUV dh fjiksVZ izLrqr ugha
gksus ls ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gqbZ gS] lkFk gh esfMdy fjiksVZ ls
Hkh foDdh ds lkFk vizkd`frd eSFkwu gksus dh ,oa mldh xyk nckdj gR;k
gksus dh iqf"V ugha gqbZ gS rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k vU; lk{; ls Hkh mlds
/kkjk 313 na-iz-la- esa fd, x, dFkuksa dh iqf"V ugha gqbZ gS] ftlls mlds
/kkjk 313 na-iz-la- ds rgr fd;s x;s dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh izekf.kr
ugha gks ikbZ gSA
32- vr% i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ,oa mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZa ij
xEHkhjrkiwoZd euu ds i'pkr~ ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaprs gSa fd izLrqr
ekeys esa vizwoj eqthc ds dFku fo'oluh; ugha gksus] mlds iwoZorhZ ,oa
orZeku dFkuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl gksus] vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dh ekSds ij
mifLFkfr ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gksus] e`rd foDdh ds
lkFk ?kVuk ds le; vizkd`frd eSFkwu gksdj mldh xyk nckdj gR;k gksus
dh iqf"V esfMdy fjiksVZ ls uk gksus rFkk vizkd`frd eSFkwu ds lanHkZ esa
,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ izLrqr uk gksus ls ?kVukLFky ls mBk;s x;s QqV fizUV dh
[2023/RJJP/003010] (39 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
fjiksVZ U;k;ky; esa izLrqr uk gksus] QnZ tCrh ds lk{khx.k ds i{knzksgh gksus]
?kVuk ds dksbZ p'enhn lk{kh uk gksus] e`rd o vfHk;qDrx.k dh CyM xqzfiax
fjiksVZ izLrqr ugha gksus ls vfHk;kstu i{k] vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k ds
fo:) fopkj.kh; fcUnw ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha dj ik;k gSA ,sls
esa izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq,] mDr fo'ys"k.k
ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.kh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 26-06-2012
fof/k lEer Ukgha gksus ls vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA
33- mijksDr foospukuqlkj] gekjs fouez er esa vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k
'kkfdj] eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu ,oa ijost ds }kjk izLrqr vihysa Lohdkj
dh tkdj fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k ¼QkLV Vªsd½]
Vksad ¼jktLFkku½ }kjk ls'ku izdj.k laa[;k [email protected]] muokuh izdj.k
jktLFkku jkT; cuke 'kkfdj oxSjg esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa n.Mkns'k fnukad
26-06-2012 dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dks
vkjksfir vijk/kksa ls nks"keqDr fd;k tkrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k
[kkfyn gqlSu] ekbZuqn~nhu ,oa ijost ds fo:) ikfjr ltk LFkfxr gksdj os
tekur ij vktkn gSa] muds tekur eqpyds fujLr fd, tkrs gSA
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr 'kkfdj tsy esa gS] ;fn og fdlh vU; izdj.k esa okafNr
uk gks rks mls gLrxr izdj.k esa vfoyEc fjgk fd;k tkosaA
34- vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj] eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu ,oa
ijost dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd izR;sd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ipkl
gtkj :i;s dk Lo;a dk cU/k&i= rFkk blh jkf'k dh ,d lqn`< izfrHkwfr]
/kkjk 437&d n-iza-la- ds vuqlkj] nks"keqDr gksus ds vkns'k fnukad ls nks
lIrkg ds Hkhrj jftLVªkj ¼U;kf;d½ jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; ihB t;iqj ds
le{k bl vk'k; dh is'k djsa fd bl fu.kZ; ds fo:) fo'ks"k vuqefr
;kfpdk nk;j djus dh fLFkfr esa ;k vuqefr iznku fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr esa]
vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k 'kkfdj] eksbZuqn~nhu] [kkfyn gqlSu ,oa ijost dks
[2023/RJJP/003010] (40 of 40) [CRLA-729/2012]
uksfVl dh rkfey gksus ds i'pkr~ os ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds le{k
mifLFkr gksaxsA mijksDr ca/k i= N% ekg ds fy, izHkkoh jgsaxsA
(BHUWAN GOYAL),J (PANKAJ BHANDARI),J
Mahendra/Akshay Pareek
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