Punjab-Haryana High Court
Karnail And Others vs State Of Haryana And Others on 21 October, 2024
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
1
IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA
AT CHANDIGARH
271 CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
Date of Decision: 21.10.2024
KARNAIL AND OTHERS ....Petitioners
VERSUS
STATE OF HARYANA AND OTHERS ....Respondents
CORAM : HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE MANISHA BATRA
Present : Mr. Partap Singh, Advocate for the petitioners.
Ms. Nidhi Garg, AAG, Haryana.
Mr. Punit Malik, Advocate for respondents no.2 to 6.
MANISHA BATRA, J. (Oral)
1. The present petition has been filed under Section 482 of Code
of Criminal Procedure for quashing of FIR No.221 dated 13.07.2023 under
Sections 148, 149, 307, 323, 324 and 506 of IPC registered at Police Station
Kaithal Sadar, District Kaithal and all the subsequent proceedings arising
therefrom, on the basis of compromise dated 18.03.2024 (Annexure P-2).
2. This Court vide order dated 14.05.2024 had directed the parties
to appear before the trial Court/Area Magistrate to get their statements
recorded and the learned Magistrate was directed to send its report qua the
genuineness of the compromise.
3. In compliance of order dated 14.05.2024, learned counsel for
the petitioners has submitted that petitioners have deposited a sum of
1 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
Rs.25000/- with Sadhna Society for Mentally Handicapped and photocopy
of the receipt of the same has been placed on record.
3. Pursuant to the aforesaid order, parties have appeared before the
learned Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Amritsar and got their
statements recorded. On the basis of the statements so recorded, learned
Magistrate has submitted report dated 03.09.2024 to the effect that the
compromise has been effected between the parties voluntarily and without
any coercion or undue influence. It is also mentioned in the report that apart
from the petitioners, there is no other accused in the present FIR, however,
compromise has been effected between the parties and that the petitioners
have not been declared proclaimed persons in this case.
4. Learned State counsel as well as counsel for respondents No.2
to 6 have not disputed the factum of compromise between the parties.
However, learned State has severely opposed this compromise and seeks
dismissal of the petition because of the heinous nature of the offence and has
referred to the judgments rendered by Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of
Madhya Pradesh vs. Laxmi Narayan, 2019(2) RCR (Crl.) 255, State of
Rajasthan v. Shambhu Kewat, (2014) 4 SCC 149, Yogendra Yadav v.
State of Jharkhand 2014(9) SCC 653 as well as State of Madhya Pradesh
v. Dhruv Gurjar, (2019) 5 SCC 570 whereby, it has been observed that the
heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder,
rape, dacoity and that of Section 307 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) being
2 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
committed against the society at large are not compoundable under Section
320 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C).
5. Learned counsel for the petitioners has also placed reliance
upon various judgments rendered by Hon'ble Apex Court in Ram Prasad v
State of Uttar Pradesh (1982) 2 SCC 149, Mahesh Chand v State of
Rajasthan1990 SCC 781, Dimpey Gujraj v Union Territory, (2013) 11
SCC 497 and Kailash Chand v. State of Rajasthan, 2018(4) R.C.R
(Criminal)292 whereby the proceedings under Section 307 have been
quashed due to the fact that the parties had amicably settled the dispute and
buried there animosity during the investigation, there is a bleak chance of
conviction as even though the charges were framed but the evidence was
still at an infancy stage and there is a no likelihood of repetition of such
incident.
6. It is expedient for the disposal of this case to place reliance
upon the judgment passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court in Narinder Singh v.
State of Punjab, 2014 (6) SCC 466 whereby it has been observed as
follows:
"[24]. Thus, we find that in certain circumstances, this Court has
approved the quashing of proceedings under section 307, IPC whereas
in some other cases, it is held that as the offence is of serious nature
such proceedings cannot be quashed. Though in each of the aforesaid
cases the view taken by this Court may be justified on its own facts, at
3 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
the same time this Court owes an explanation as to why two different
approaches are adopted in various cases.
[31]. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the
following principles by which the High Court would be guided in
giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and
exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting
the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the
settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings :
(I) Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be
distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to
compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No
doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has
inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those
cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have
settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to
be exercised sparingly and with caution.
(II) When the parties have reached the settlement and on that
basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the
guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:
(i) ends of justice, or
(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any Court. While
exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion
on either of the aforesaid two objectives.
4 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
(III) Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions
which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity
or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not
private in nature and have a serious impact on society.
Similarly, for offences alleged to have been committed under
special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the
offences committed by Public Servants while working in that
capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of
compromise between the victim and the offender.
(IV) On the other, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly
and pre-dominantly civil character, particularly those arising
out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial
relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the
parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.
(V) While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as
to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and
continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great
oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused
to him by not quashing the criminal cases.
(VI) Offences under Section 307 IPC would fall in the category
of heinous and serious offences and therefore is to be generally
treated as crime against the society and not against the
individual alone. However, the High Court would not rest its
5 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 IPC
in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would
be open to the High Court to examine as to whether
incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or
the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if
proved, would lead to proving the charge under Section 307
IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go
by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is
inflicted on the vital/delegate parts of the body, nature of
weapons used etc. Medical report in respect of injuries suffered
by the victim can generally be the guiding factor. On the basis
of this prima facie analysis, the High Court can examine as to
whether there is a strong possibility of conviction or the
chances of conviction are remote and bleak. In the former case
it can refuse to accept the settlement and quash the criminal
proceedings whereas in the later case it would be permissible
for the High Court to accept the plea compounding the offence
based on complete settlement between the parties. At this stage,
the Court can also be swayed by the fact that the settlement
between the parties is going to result in harmony between them
which may improve their future relationship.
(VII) While deciding whether to exercise its power under
Section 482 of the Code or not, timings of settlement play a
6 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
crucial role. Those cases where the settlement is arrived at
immediately after the alleged commission of offence and the
matter is still under investigation, the High Court may be
liberal in accepting the settlement to quash the criminal
proceedings/investigation. It is because of the reason that at this
stage the investigation is still on and even the charge sheet has
not been filed. Likewise, those cases where the charge is framed
but the evidence is yet to start or the evidence is still at infancy
stage, the High Court can show benevolence in exercising its
powers favourably, but after prima facie assessment of the
circumstances/material mentioned above. On the other hand,
where the prosecution evidence is almost complete or after the
conclusion of the evidence the matter is at the stage of
argument, normally the High Court should refrain from
exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code, as in such
cases the trial court would be in a position to decide the case
finally on merits and to come a conclusion as to whether the
offence under Section 307 IPC is committed or not. Similarly, in
those cases where the conviction is already recorded by the trial
court and the matter is at the appellate stage before the High
Court, mere compromise between the parties would not be a
ground to accept the same resulting in acquittal of the offender
who has already been convicted by the trial court. Here charge
7 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
is proved under Section 307 IPC and conviction is already
recorded of a heinous crime and, therefore, there is no question
of sparing a convict found guilty of such a crime."
7. I have heard the learned State Counsel as well as the counsel for
both the parties and besides perusing the report by learned Judicial
Magistrate, have also perused the record. In the light of the judicial
precedents as referred above, given the terms of compromise and other
factors peculiar to the case, the contents of the compromise deed and its
objectives point towards its acceptance.
8. It is well settled that the High Court has power to allow
compounding of a non-compoundable offence and quash the prosecution
under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. where it feels that the same is required to
prevent the abuse of process of law or otherwise to secure the ends of
justice. It is equally settled position of law that the power of High Court in
quashing criminal proceedings or FIR or complaint in exercise of its inherent
jurisdiction is of wide plenitude with no statutory limitation. The High Court
is required to consider whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest
of justice to continue with the criminal proceedings or continuation of
criminal proceedings would tantamount to abuse of process of law and
whether to secure the ends of justice, it is appropriate to put an end to the
criminal case and if the answer to such question is in affirmative, then the
High Court is well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceedings.
Reference in this context can be made to Hon'ble Apex Court judgments
8 of 9
Neutral Citation No:=2024:PHHC:137469
CRM-M-23925-2024(O&M)
cited as Kulwinder Singh and others v. State of Punjab, 2007 (3) RCR
(Criminal) 1052 and Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and another, 2012 (4)
RCR (Criminal) 543.
9. In view of the proposition as settled in the aforementioned
cases, this Court finds that continuation of proceedings would be an abuse
process of the Court in the facts and circumstances of the present case which
squarely falls within the ambit and parameters settled by judicial precedents
and that allowing and accepting the prayer of the petitioners by quashing of
the FIR would be securing the ends of justice, which is primarily the object
of legislature enacted under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. Accordingly, the petition
is allowed and the FIR No.221 dated 13.07.2023 under Sections 148, 149,
307, 323, 324 and 506 of IPC registered at Police Station Kaithal Sadar,
District Kaithal and all the subsequent proceedings arising therefrom, are
ordered to be quashed qua the petitioners on the basis of compromise dated
18.03.2024 (Annexure P-2).
10. Needless to say that the parties shall remain bound by the terms
and conditions of the compromise and statements as recorded before learned
Judicial Magistrate.
( MANISHA BATRA )
21.10.2024 JUDGE
Deepak Patwal
1. Whether speaking/reasoned : Yes/No
2. Whether reportable : Yes/No
9 of 9
