Madras High Court
The Manager vs R.Chitra ... 1St on 9 March, 2023
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
DATED : 09.03.2023
CORAM:
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE N.SATHISH KUMAR
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
and
C.M.P.(MD)No.9361 of 2022
The Manager,
The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.,
Divisional Office,
107, Navaladian Complex, 2nd Floor,
Karur – 639 005. ... Appellant / 2nd Respondent
Vs.
1.R.Chitra ... 1st Respondent/ 1st Petitioner
2.Minor Balaji ... 2nd respondent/ 2nd petitioner
3.Vijayalakshmi ... 3rd respondent / 3rd petitioner
4.M.Vijayaraj ... 4th respondent / 4th petitioner
5.Priyadevi ... 5th respondent/ 1st respondent
PRAYER: This Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is filed under Section 30 of the
Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, against the order passed in E.C.No.106 of
2019, dated 05.07.2022 on the file of Commissioner for Employees'
Compensation, Dindigul.
1/14
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
For Appellant : Mr.E.Chandrasekaran
For Respondents : Mr.N.Sudhagar Nagaraj for R1 to R4
JUDGMENT
Challenging the order passed by the Commissioner for Employee's
Compensation, Dindigul, in E.C.No.106 of 2019, dated 05.07.2022, the appellant
has filed this Civil Miscellaneous Appeal.
2. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to herein, as per
their rank before the Trial Court.
3. The brief facts, leading to the filing of this Civil Miscellaneous
Appeal, are as follows:-
The deceased Malayalam was working as a Cleaner in a Lorry bearing
Registration No.TN-47-AA-6064, owned by the first respondent. On 17.12.2014,
the lorry loaded with gravel stone and unloaded the same at Kumbakonam and on
18.12.2014, again loaded with salt at Vedharanyam and on the way, the said Lorry
was parked near Mulliyaru, in order to prepare the food. When the deceased went
to the stream to clean the vessels, accidently slipped into the river and died. He
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
was earning a sum of Rs.7,500/-, besides Rs.50/- as batta per day and totally
earning a sum of Rs.9,000/- per month and he was aged about 45 years. A case
has also been registered in Crime No.264 of 2014, in respect of the unnatural
death of the deceased. Hence, the petitioners have filed the claim petition
claiming a sum of Rs.10,00,000/- as compensation.
4. Before the Commissioner of Employees' Compensation, the first
respondent remained set ex-parte. The 2nd respondent - Insurance Company has
filed a counter affidavit calling upon the petitioners to prove the age, monthly
income of the deceased and also to prove that the deceased was working as a
Cleaner. The Insurance Company has took a stand before the Labour Court that
the deceased was not working as a Cleaner under the first respondent and the
accident was also not properly intimated to the Insurance Company.
5. To substantiate the case before the Commissioner of Employees'
Compensation, on the side of the petitioners, one witness was examined as P.W.1
and 9 documents were marked as Ex.P1 to Ex.P9 and on the side of the 2 nd
respondent - Insurance Company, no evidence was adduced and no document was
marked.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
6. Based on the evidence and materials, the Commissioner for
Employees' Compensation holding that the death was occurred in the course of
employment and awarded a sum of Rs.7,52,600/- as compensation. Challenging
the same, the present appeal has been filed.
7. When the matter came up for admission, this Court by order dated
16.12.2022, has admitted the Civil Miscellaneous Appeal and has framed the
following substantial questions of law, which are as follows:
“1.Whether the Commissioner for Employees'
Compensation has failed to decide the issue of employment
and the employee-employer relationship and the occurrence of
accident during and in the course of employment?
2.Whether the Commissioner for Employees'
Compensation has erred in holding the appellant to pay
compensation without any liability?
3.Whether the Commissioner Employees'
Compensation has the power to go beyond the terms and
conditions of the policy and direct the appellant insurance
company to pay compensation amount to the petitioner?”
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
8. The learned counsel appearing for the 2nd respondent – Insurance
Company vehemently contended that the notional extension theory applied by the
Commissioner for Employees' Compensation will not be applicable to the facts of
the present case and the deceased took risk in going to the river and drowned.
Since it is the public area, the employer will not be liable to pay the compensation.
He further submitted that that the owner of the lorry has not been examined and he
was remained ex parte and therefore, there is no evidence to show that the
deceased was working as a Cleaner under the first respondent. Therefore, the 2nd
respondent - Insurance Company is not liable to pay the compensation.
9. In support of his submission, he has relied upon the judgment of the
Manipur High Court in The National Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Shri Ningshen
Romeo wherein, it was held that the deceased went to the near by stream and got
drowned and therefore, taking bath was voluntary action on the part of the
deceased and unconnected with his employment, when the vehicle was static and
the Driver was taking rest. Therefore, the claim has been rejected. According to
the learned counsel for 2nd respondent – Insurance Company, the above judgment
is squarely applicable to the facts of the present case.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
10. The learned counsel appearing for the petitioners / claimants would
submit that the evidence of P.W.1 clearly shows that the deceased was employed as
a Cleaner under the first respondent. Besides, the FIR filed in this regard also
clearly substantiated the above facts. These facts have been rightly considered by
the Commissioner for Employees' Compensation. It is the further contention of
the learned counsel appearing for the petitioners that the Lorry was proceeding
from Vedaranyam after carrying the load of salt and while returning, the Lorry was
stopped only for the purpose of cooking meals and the deceased just went to the
nearby river to clean the vessels, as a Cleaner and accidently fell down. According
to him, it is clear that the accident was only in the course of employment.
Therefore, the Commissioner for Employees' Compensation has rightly applied the
theory of Notional Extension Theory and granted compensation, which does not
require any interference.
11. Heard the learned counsel appearing for both sides and perused the
materials available on record.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
12. It is relevant to note that the deceased was working as a cleaner at the
relevant point of time. The Lorry was proceeded to Kumbakonam to unload gravel
stone. Thereafter, the Lorry was returned with salt load from Vedharanyam and on
the way, the Driver stopped the vehicle only for the purpose of cooking meals. As
a Cleaner, the deceased went to clean the vessels to the nearby stream and
accidently, fell down. FIR was filed by the Driver of the Lorry immediately, which
was exhibited before the Commissioner for Employees' Compensation and no
contra evidence whatsoever have been filed by the 2nd respondent - Insurance
Company to show that the Cleaner was never accompanied the Driver at the
relevant point of time. Therefore, when the Insurance Company takes a plea that
there was no employer-employee relationship, it is for them to establish the above
fact. Whereas, the evidence of the claimants proved the fact that the Cleaner was
in the course of employment at the relevant point of time. The 2nd respondent -
Insurance Company has to disprove the above said fact, whereas no evidence
whatsoever have been adduced by the Insurance Company.
13. It is also relevant to note that the Hon'ble Apex Court in Leela Bai and
Seema Chouhan reported in 2019 (1) TN MAC 504 (SC), in paragraph No.9 has
held as follows:
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
“9. In the facts of the present case and the nature of evidence,
there was a clear nexus between the accident and the employment to
apply the doctrine of “Notional extension” of the employment considered
in Agnes (supra) as follows:
“It is now wellsettled, however, that this is subject to the theory
of notional extension of the Employer’s premises so as to include an
area which the workman passes and re-passes in going to and in
leaving the actual place of work. There may be some reasonable
extension in both time and place and a workman may be regarded as in
the course of his employment even though he had not reached or had
left his employer’s premises. The facts and circumstances of each case
will have to be examined very carefully in order to determine whether
the accident arose out of and in the course of the employment of a
workman, keeping in view at all time this Theory of Notional
extension.”
14. The Division Bench of the Kerala High Court in Oriental Insurance
CO. Ltd. Vs.Thankappan reported in 2006 ACJ 554, in paragraph 6 has held as
follows:
“6. We cannot consider any case divorced from the facts
situation. In the case on hand the evidence clearly disclosed that he
had been staying in the bus for the purpose of commencing its trip
early morning at 3.30 a.m. The bus was being parked in a petrol
bunk and the accident occurred when he went to the nearby stream
for the purpose of taking bath along with the driver and the
conductor. Thus it has come out in evidence that the deceased
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
workman along with his colleagues had been there with the bus for
the purpose of commencing duty early in the next morning at 3.30
a.m. So there was connection between the accident that had
occurred and the duty that he had to perform immediately after that.
He had gone for taking bathing just before commencing duty at 3.30
a.m. as he had been staying in the bus for the purpose of taking the
bus at that time. So the connection between the accident and the
employment is thus manifest.”
15. The Hon'ble Apex Court in Malikarjuna G.Hiremath Vs. The Branch
Manager, The Oriental Insurance CO. Ltd. and another in Civil Appeal No.956
of 2009, in paragraph No.18 has held as follows:
“18.In Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co. (P) Ltd. v. Ibrahim Mohd.
Issak (1969 (2) SCC 607), this Court held:
"5. To come within the Act the injury by accident must
arise both out of and in the course of employment. The words
`in the course of the employment' mean `in the course of the
work which the workman is employed to do and which is
incidental to it'. The words `arising out of employment' are
understood to mean that `during the course of the employment,
injury has resulted from some risk incidental to the duties of the
service, which, unless engaged in the duty owing to the master,
it is reasonable to believe the workman would not otherwise
have suffered'. In other words there must be a causal
relationship between the accident and the employment.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
The expression `arising out of employment' is again not
confined to the mere nature of the employment. The expression
applies to employment as such--to its nature, its conditions, its
obligations and its incidents. If by reason of any of those
factors the workman is brought within the zone of special
danger the injury would be one which arises `out of
employment'. To put it differently if the accident had occurred
on account of a risk which is an incident of the employment, the
claim for compensation must succeed, unless of course the
workman has exposed himself to an added peril by his own
imprudent act."
16. The Hon'ble Apex Court in Manju Sarkar & Others Vs. Mabish Miah
and others reported in 2014(2) TN MAC 161 (SC) has observed that the deceased
met with road accident in the course of his employment, the contention that the
deceased was employed only for trip from Agartala to FCI Churaibari and ceased
to be in employment after reaching there was rejected and held that such accident
also falls within the course of employment.
17. Though the Manipur High Court held that there was no connection with
employment, as the deceased went to got drowned himself, while taking bath, it is
relevant to note that as held by the Apex Court in the judgment referred above, the
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
Lorry was carrying load of salt from Vedharanyam and on the way, it was parked
to prepare meals. As a cleaner, the deceased just went to clean the vessels and
slipped down the river and drowned. Therefore, in such situation, it cannot be said
that the Cleaner is not in an employment till the lorry is reached to its destination
and given a rest to the Cleaner and Driver, it is deemed that they are in the course
of employment. Therefore, the contention of the learned counsel for the 2nd
respondent -Insurance Company that the deceased was not in the course of
employment cannot be countenanced and it has no basis. With regard to the
compensation, age and the factors applied by the Commissioner for Employees'
Compensation, no arguments have been advanced by the 2nd respondent –
Insurance Company to challenge the same. As the Insurance Company is not
disputed the compensation awarded by the Commissioner for Employees'
Compensation, this Court does not find any infirmity in the order of the
Commissioner for Employees' Compensation. Accordingly, the substantial
questions of law are answered.
18. In the result, this Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is dismissed. The 2nd
respondent – Insurance Company is directed to deposit a sum of 7,52,600/-
(Rupees Seven Lakhs Fifty Two Thousand and Six Hundred) along with interest at
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
the rate of 12% p.a., from the date of petition till the date of deposit and costs
within a period of one month from the date of receipt of a copy of this order, if not
already deposited. No costs. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is
closed.
09.03.2023
NCC : Yes/No
Index : Yes/No
Internet : Yes/No
vsm
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
To
1.The Commissioner for Employee's Compensation,
Dindigul.
2.The Section Officer,
Vernacular Records,
Madurai Bench of Madras High Court,
Madurai.
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
N.SATHISH KUMAR, J.
vsm
C.M.A.(MD)No.946 of 2022
and C.M.P.(MD)No.9361 of 2022
09.03.2023
https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis
