Kerala High Court
Cochin Devaswom Baord vs The Deputy Director on 11 April, 2024
Author: Anil K. Narendran
Bench: Anil K. Narendran
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ANIL K. NARENDRAN
&
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE HARISANKAR V. MENON
THURSDAY, THE 11TH DAY OF APRIL 2024 / 22ND CHAITHRA, 1946
DBA NO.3 OF 2024
APPLICANT:
COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD
ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR, PIN - 680001,
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY,
BY ADV K.P.SUDHEER, SC, COCHIN DEVASWOM
BOARD
RESPONDENTS:
1 THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR
KERALA STATE AUDIT DEPARTMENT, COCHIN DEVASWOM
AUDIT, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR, PIN - 680001
2 DISTRICT COLLECTOR
THRISSUR, CIVIL STATION, AYYANTHOLE, THRISSUR
DISTRICT, PIN - 680003
3 DISTRICT POLICE CHIEF
THRISSUR, SAKTHAN THAMPURAM NAGAR, VELIYANNUR,
THRISSUR, PIN - 680001
4 THRISSUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
CORPORATION OFFICE, THRISSUR, PIN - 680001
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY,
5 PARAMEKKAVU DEVASWOM
GEETHANJALI BUILDING, ROUND EAST, THRISSUR,
PIN - 680001 REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY.
6 THIRUVAMBADY DEVASWOM
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, THIRUVAMBADY
DEVASWOM OFFICE, THIRUVAMBADY DEVASWOM BUILDING,
ROUND WEST, THRISSUR -, PIN - 680001
2
DBA No.3 of 2024
7 THRISSUR POORAM EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
2ND FLOOR, THIRUVAMBADY DEVASWOM BUILDING, ROUND
WEST, THRISSUR, PIN - 680001, REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY,
R1 TO 3 BY SRI.S.RAJMOHAN, SR.GOVT.PLEADER
R4 BY SRI.SANTHOSH P.PODUVAL, SC
R5 BY SRI.P.VISWANATHAN (SR.)
SRI.AJITH VISWANATHAN
R6 BY SRI.N.K.SUBRAMANIAN
R7 BY SRI.M.RAMESH CHANDER (SR.)
SRI.GOVIND G. NAIR
THIS DEVASWOM BOARD APPLICATION HAVING COME UP FOR
ADMISSION ON 11.04.2024, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY
DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
3
DBA No.3 of 2024
"CR"
ORDER
Anil K. Narendran, J.
This DBA is filed by the Cochin Devaswom Board seeking an order
to issue appropriate directions to the respondents regarding solid waste
management in Thekkinkadu Maidan (Sree Vadakkunnathan Kshethra
Maidan) during Thrissur Pooram of the year 1199 ME (2024) and to issue
necessary directions to the respondents to implement the directions
contained in Annexure A3 report dated 10.10.2023 issued by the Internal
Vigilance Wing of the Local Self Government Department. This DBA is
filed in terms of the directions contained in Annexure A1 order dated
04.01.2024 of a Division Bench of this Court, in which one among us
[Anil K. Narendran, J.] was a party, in DBP No.3 of 2023, which was
registered based on Report No.39 of the learned Ombudsman in
Complaint No.52 of 2022 made by a devotee regarding disposal of the
waste accumulated in Thekkinkadu Maidan (Sree Vadakkunnathan
Kshethra Maidan) in connection with Thrissur Pooram.
2. On 05.04.2024, when this DBA came up for consideration,
the learned Standing Counsel for the 4th respondent Thrissur Municipal
Corporation, the learned Senior Counsel for 5th respondent Paramekkavu
Devaswom, the learned counsel for the 6th respondent Thiruvambady
Devaswom and the learned Senior Counsel for the 7th respondent
Thrissur Pooram Exhibition Committee entered appearance and the
matter was adjourned for getting instructions.
3. Heard the learned Standing Counsel for Cochin Devaswom
Board for the applicant, the learned Senior Government Pleader for
respondents 2 and 3, the learned Standing Counsel the 4th respondent
Thrissur Municipal Corporation, the learned Senior Counsel for 5th
respondent Paramekkavu Devaswom, the learned counsel for the 6th
respondent Thiruvambady Devaswom and the learned counsel for the 7th
respondent Thrissur Pooram Exhibition Committee.
4. The Travancore-Cochin Hindu Religious Institutions Act,
1950, was made for making provisions for the administration, supervision
and control of incorporated and unincorporated Devaswoms and of other
Hindu Religious Endowments and Funds. Chapter VIII of the Act deals
with Cochin Devaswom Board. Section 62 of the Act deals with vesting of
administration in the Board. Section 62A of the Act, inserted by Act 14 of
1990, deals with Devaswom properties. As per Section 62A, all
immovable properties vested in the Cochin Devaswom Board under sub-
section (1) of Section 62 shall be dealt with as Devaswom Properties.
5. Section 68 of the Act provides for administration by the
Board as a trustee. As per sub-section (1) of Section 68, subject to the
provisions of the Act and of any other law for the time being in force, the
Board shall be bound to administer the affairs of incorporated and
unincorporated Devaswoms and institutions under its management in
accordance with the objects of the trust, the established usage and
customs of the institutions and to apply their funds and property for such
purposes. As per sub-section (2) of Section 68, notwithstanding anything
contained in sub-section (1), the Board may, out of the funds under their
control, set apart such sum as they deem fit for the educational uplift,
cultural advancement and economic betterment of the Hindu community,
after providing adequately for the purposes of the institutions which have
to be met from the said fund.
6. Section 73A of the Act deals with the duties of the Board. As
per Section 73A, it shall be the duty of the Board to perform the functions
enumerated in clauses (i) to (iv), namely, (i) to see that the regular
traditional rites according to the practice prevalent in the religious
institution are performed promptly; (ii) to monitor whether the
administrative staff and employees and also the employees connected
with religious rites are functioning properly; (iii) to ensure proper
maintenance and upliftment of the Hindu Religious Institutions; (iv) to
establish and maintain proper facilities in major temples for the devotees.
7. In K.B. Sumodh v. Commissioner, Cochin Devaswom
Board and others [2023:KER:25530] a Division Bench of this Court, in
which one among us [Anil K. Narendran, J.] was a party held that
Vadakkumnatha Kshethra Maidan (Thekkinkadu Maidan) is a Devaswom
land, which is managed by the Cochin Devaswom Board as a trustee in
management of Devaswom property, in terms of the provisions of the
Travancore Cochin Hindu Religious Institutions Act. There is no dispute
on this fact. That being so, there cannot be any activity in Thekkinkadu
Maidan, except in accordance with the objects of the trust.
8. DBP No.32 of 2023 was registered suo motu based on a
news item that appeared in Kerala Kaumudi daily dated 10.05.2023,
regarding the entry of Assistant Devaswom Commissioner, Thrissur, Law
Officer and other Senior Officials of the Cochin Devaswom Board in the
Thekke Gopuranada of Vadakkunnathan Temple, which was alleged to
be in a dilapidated condition. The photograph, which forms part of the
news report, shows a heap of plastic containers used for distributing food
and empty pet bottles near the Thekke Gopuranada of Sree
Vadakkunnathan Temple. The news report contained serious allegations
against the Devaswom Officials, Members of the Temple Advisory
Committee of Vadakkunnathan Temple and the officials of Thrissur
Municipal Corporation. As per the news report, 'Sudhi-Karmam' in
Vadakkunnathan Temple was conducted on 10th, 11th and 12th.
9. By the order dated 26.07.2023 of a Division Bench of this
Court, in which one among us [Anil K. Narendran, J.] was a party, DBP
No.32 of 2023 was disposed of by directing the Cochin Devaswom Board
and Thrissur Municipal Corporation to ensure that the entire Sree
Vadakkunnathan Kshethra Maidan (Thekkinkadu Maidan) is kept plastic-
free and that the environmental safety levels are maintained in the entire
Maidan in connection with plastic and non-biodegradable and also
biodegradable substances.
10. DBP No.35 of 2023 was registered suo motu based on
Report No.13 of 2023 in Complaint No.136A of 2022 of the learned
Ombudsman. The allegations in the complaint made by the devotee were
mainly regarding the manner in which Vadakkunnathan Temple
Compound is maintained. By another order dated 26.07.2023 of a
Division Bench of this Court, in which one among us [Anil K. Narendran,
J.] was a party, DBP No.35 of 2023 was disposed of, taking note of the
directions contained in the order dated 26.07.2023 in DBP No.32 of
2023.
11. In that order dated 26.07.2023 in DBP No.35 of 2023, in
continuation of the order in DBP No.32 of 2023, it was ordered that the
directions contained in the judgment of this Court in K.B. Sumodh v.
Commissioner, Cochin Devaswom Board and others
[2023:KER:25530] shall be scrupulously followed by the Cochin
Devaswom Board and Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Musical concerts
by Rock Bands similar to that conducted on 31.12.2022 as 'new year
event' in connection with Thrissur Shopping Festival and similar activities
creating noise pollution and disturbance to the temple rituals and
ceremonies shall not be permitted in Sree Vadakkunnathan Kshethra
Maidan (Thekkinkadu Maidan), which is a Devaswom property. No part
of Thekkinkadu Maidan shall be used by the Cochin Devaswom Board or
the Thrissur Municipal Corporation for the disposal of biodegradable or
non-biodegradable waste generated during Thrissur Pooram Festival,
exhibitions, etc. The Cochin Devaswom Board shall deploy a sufficient
number of security staff for watch and ward duty in Thekkinkadu Maidan.
The Circle Inspector of Police shall ensure regular patrolling by the police
to ensure that Thekkinkadu Maidan, which is a Devaswom property, is
not used for any illegal activities, in any manner.
12. According to 'Agama Sastra' Hindu temples represent
the culmination of social and religious aspirations of a society. The
temple is the focal point in the life of a community and often represents
its pride, identity and unity. It draws into its fold people from its various
segments and denominations and binds them together. The worship that
takes place in the sanctum sanctorum and within the temple premises is
important; so are the festivals and occasional processions that involve
the direct participation of the entire community. They complement each
other. While the worship of the deity in the sanctum sanctorum might be
an individual's spiritual or religious need; the festivals are the expression
of a community's joy, exuberance, devotion and pride and are also
an idiom of a community's cohesiveness. Therefore, in discharge of the
statutory duty under Section 73A of the Travancore-Cochin Hindu
Religious Institutions Act, the Cochin Devaswom Board and its officials
have to ensure that the festivals in Vadakkumnatha Temple are
conducted in an accustomed manner, enabling all worshippers to
exercise their right to worship subject to the practice and tradition in that
temple.
13. DBP No.83 of 2023 was registered based on Report No.32
of 2023 of the learned Ombudsman in Complaint No.105 of 2023, made
by a devotee raising allegations relating to untoward incidents against
temple rituals and practices, which occurred on the Pooram day of 2023
in Sree Vadakkumnathan Temple. That DBP was disposed of by
Annexure A2 order dated 18.12.2023, a Division Bench of this Court, in
which one among us [Anil K. Narendran, J.] was a party, by directing the
Cochin Devaswom Board and its officials to ensure that the directions
contained in the orders of this Court dated 26.07.2023 in DBP No.32 of
2023 and DBP No.35 of 2023 and that contained in Annexure A2 order
are complied with in letter and spirit, by all concerned, during Pooram
days.
14. A 'worshipper' is a person who shows reverence and
adoration for a deity. Right to worship is a civil right, of course in an
accustomed manner and subject to the practice and tradition in each
temple. Therefore, the entry of a 'worshipper' into the premises of Sree
Vadakumnathan Temple, through Gopurams, wearing footwear, cannot
be permitted. It is for the Cochin Devaswom Board and its officials to
ensure, in terms of the directions contained in Annexure A2 order dated
18.12.2023 in D.B.P.No.83 of 2023, that there is no such entry of a
'worshipper' into the premises of Sree Vadakumnathan Temple, through
the Gopurams, during Thrissur Pooram. The Board and its officials shall
ensure that the daily worship and ceremonies in Sree Vadakumnathan
Temple during Thrissur Pooram are conducted according to the practice
and tradition of that temple.
15. The learned Standing Counsel for Cochin Devaswom Board
has made available for the perusal of this Court the minutes of the
meeting held in the Chambers of the District Collector, Thrissur, on
01.04.2024 regarding the preparatory steps that have to be taken before
Thrissur Pooram. The learned Standing Counsel for Thrissur Municipal
Corporation would point out the difficulties faced by the Corporation in
the disposal of waste generated during Thrissur Pooram, due to lack of
open ground. The Corporation engages 50 DLR workers during Thrissur
Pooram festival and 380 DLR workers on 19th and 20th of April 2024, for
cleaning Thekkinkadu Maidan (Sree Vadakkunnathan Kshethra Maidan).
16. In view of the directions contained in the orders of this Court
dated 26.07.2023 in DBP No.32 of 2023 and DBP No.35 of 2023, no part
of Thekkinkadu Maidan (Sree Vadakkunnathan Kshethra Maidan) shall
be used by Cochin Devaswom Board or Thrissur Municipal Corporation
for the disposal of biodegradable or non-biodegradable waste generated
during Thrissur Pooram Festival, exhibitions, etc. The Board and the
Municipal Corporation, with the cooperation of respondents 5 to 7,
namely, Paramekkavu Devaswom, Thiruvambady Devaswom and
Thrissur Pooram Exhibition Committee shall take necessary steps to
ensure that, during Thrissur Pooram, the environmental safety levels are
maintained in Thekkinkadu Maidan (Sree Vadakkunnathan Kshethra
Maidan) in connection with plastic and non-biodegradable and also
biodegradable substances. The 2nd respondent District Collector shall
convene a joint meeting, on or before 17.04.2024, of the officials of the
4th respondent Corporation and the representatives of 5th and 6th
respondents Devaswoms and the 7th respondent Exhibition Committees
for and effective disposal of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste
generated during Thrissur Pooram.
With the above directions contained hereinbefore at paragraphs 14
and 16, this DBP is disposed of.
Sd/-
ANIL K. NARENDRAN, JUDGE
Sd/-
HARISANKAR V. MENON, JUDGE
AV/12/4
PETITIONER ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE A 1 TRUE COPY OF ORDER DATED 04/01/2024 IN DBP
NO. 3 OF 2023 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE
COURT.
ANNEXURE A 2 TRUE COPY OF ORDER DATED 18/12/2023 IN DBP
NO. 83 OF 2023 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE
COURT.
ANNEXURE A 3 TRUE COPY OF REPORT BEARING NO. VIG 1/23
DATED 10.10.2023 SUBMITTED BY THE INTERNAL
VIGILANCE OFFICER, LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE APPLICANT
BOARD
ANNEXURE A 4 TRUE COPY OF NOTICE BEARING NO. KLSA-
3647/2023 DATED 04.11.2023 ISSUED BY THE
SECRETARY, DLSA, THRISSUR TO THE APPLICANT
AND OTHERS.
ANNEXURE A 5 TRUE COPY OF ORDER NO. R. 11546/23 DATED
07.11.2023 ISSUED BY THE APPLICANT
ANNEXURE A 6 TRUE COPY OF FORMAT OF THE NOTICES ISSUED BY
THE DEVASWOM MANAGER, SREE VADAKKUMNATHA
DEVASWOM
ANNEXURE A 7 TRUE COPY OF WRITTEN STATEMENT BEARING NO. R.
11546/23 DATED 07.11.2023 SUBMITTED BY THE
APPLICANT BEFORE THE DLSA, THRISSUR
ANNEXURE A 8 TRUE COPY OF NOTICE BEARING NO.
PCB/TSR/GEN/38/01 DATED 07/11/2023 ISSUED BY
THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, KERALA STATE
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, THRISSUR.
ANNEXURE A 9 TRUE COPY OF COMMUNICATION NO. R. 11546/23
DATED 22/11/2023 ISSUED BY THE APPLICANT TO
THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, KERALA STATE
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, THRISSUR
ANNEXURE A 10 TRUE COPY OF LETTER NO. 1432/D.S.M/2023 DATED
05/12/2023 ISSUED BY THE DISTRICT
COORDINATOR, DISTRICT SUCHITWA MISSION TO THE
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, TOURISM DEPARTMENT AND
OTHERS
ANNEXURE A 11 TRUE COPY OF COMMUNICATION BEARING NO.R.
11546/23 DATED 13/12/2023 ISSUED BY THE
APPLICANT.
ANNEXURE A 12 TRUE COPY OF REPORT BEARING NO.R2. 45/15
DATED 13/12/2023 SUBMITTED BY THE ASSISTANT
COMMISSIONER, THRISSUR GROUP
ANNEXURE A 13 TRUE COPY OF ORDER NO. PLP 214/2023 DATED
08/11/2023 ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY, DISTRICT
LEGAL SERVICES AUTHORITY, THRISSUR
ANNEXURE A 14 TRUE COPY OF REPORT BEARING NO. R2 45/15
DATED 28/12/2023 ALONG WITH THE PROPOSAL
SUBMITTED BY ECO ZONE CONCEPTS
ANNEXURE A 15 TRUE COPY OF ORDER NO. R. 11546/23 DATED
25/01/2024 ISSUED BY THE APPLICANT.
APPLICATION DEVASWOM BOARD APPLICATION FILED UNDER
SECTION 151 OF CPC
