[Cites 5, Cited by 0]

Karnataka High Court

Miranda Rodriguez Daniela vs Union Of India on 9 April, 2026

Author: M.Nagaprasanna

Bench: M.Nagaprasanna

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                                                         NC: 2026:KHC:19890
                                                     CRL.P No. 5348 of 2026


                   HC-KAR



                        IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU

                            DATED THIS THE 9TH DAY OF APRIL, 2026

                                           BEFORE
                          THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.NAGAPRASANNA
                             CRIMINAL PETITION NO. 5348 OF 2026
                   BETWEEN:

                   MIRANDA RODRIGUEZ DANIELA
                   D/O ADAM MIRANDA VEDIA
                   AGED ABOUT 25 YEARS
                   R/AT SANTACRUZ
                   SANCARGO PROVINCIA ICHILO
                   BOLIVIA - 110 101.
                                                              ...PETITIONER
                   (BY SRI BASAVARAJU T. A., ADVOCATE)

                   AND:

                   1.    UNION OF INDIA
                         THROUGH INTELLIGENCE OFFICER
Digitally signed         NARCOTIC CONTROL BUREAU
by SANJEEVINI
J KARISHETTY             BANGALORE ZONAL UNIT
Location: High           NO-7/1-2. PRIYANK VILLAS
Court of
Karnataka                RAMANNA GARDEN
                         BAGLUR MAIN ROAD
                         KOTTIGENAHALLI
                         YELAHANKA, BENGALURU - 560 063
                         REPRESENTED BY
                         SPECIAL PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
                         CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ADVOCATES
                         OFFICE AT ADVOCATE GENERAL OFFICE
                         HIGH COURT BUILDING
                         HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
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                                                NC: 2026:KHC:19890
                                         CRL.P No. 5348 of 2026


HC-KAR



     AMBEDKAR VEEDHI
     BENGALURU - 560 001.

2.   THE FOREIGNERS REGIONAL
     REGISTRATION OFFICE (FRRO)
     5TH FLOOR, 'A' BLOCK
     TTMC, BMTC BUS STAND BUILDING
     K.H.ROAD, SHANTHINAGAR
     BENGALURU - 560 027.
                                                   ...RESPONDENTS
(BY SRI SHANTI BHUSHAN H., DSGI)

      THIS CRL.P IS FILED U/S.528 BNSS PRAYING TO QUASH
THE ENTIRE PROCEEDINGS IN NCB F.NO.48/1/15/2022/BZU
OF INTELLIGENCE OFFICER, NCB FOR AN OFFENCE U/S.8(c),
21(c), 23(c) AND 28 OF NDPS ACT, WHICH IS PENDING ON
THE FILE OF THE HON'BLE XXXIII ADDL. CITY CIVIL AND
SESSIONS JUDGE AND SPECIAL JUDGE (NDPS) AT BENGALURU
(CCH-33) IN SPL.C.C.NO.80/2023.

    THIS PETITION, COMING ON FOR ORDERS, THIS DAY,
ORDER WAS MADE THEREIN AS UNDER:
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.NAGAPRASANNA


                          ORAL ORDER

Petitioner - accused, a Bolivia national, is before this

Court calling in question entire proceedings in

NCB.F.No.48/1/15/2022/BZU and in Spl.C.C.No.80/2023,

pending before the XXXIII Additional City Civil and Sessions

Judge and Special Judge (NDPS), Bengaluru (CCH-33), for the

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offences under Sections 8(c), 21(c), 23(c) and 28 of the

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.

2. Heard Sri T.A.Basavaraju, learned counsel for

petitioner and Sri Shanthi Bhushan H., learned Deputy Solicitor

General of India for the respondents.

3. The petitioner, who is a Bolivia national enters into the

shores of the Nation on 25.07.2022. An Officer of the

respondents on a credible information, on the arrival of the

petitioner in the Bengaluru International Airport interdicts the

petitioner and on inquiry and search of the belongings of the

petitioner, the Officer found 1.302 kilograms of Cocaine and

few documents. Immediately, the contraband articles were

seized and the petitioner was taken into custody. The Officer

registers a complaint in NCB.F.No.48/1/15/2022/BZU for the

afore-quoted offences. The petitioner as on today is in the

detention centre of the respondents - Foreigners Regional

Registration Office.

4. Investigation ensue and a charge sheet is filed before

the concerned Court in Spl.C.C.No.80/2023. The petitioner

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wants to go back to her country but, unable to go back to her

country on the score that she is not in possession of VISA or

any valid documents to travel. Therefore, the petitioner -

Bolivian, is before this Court seeking quashment of the

proceedings and also a direction to the FRRO to deport her back

to her country.

5. Learned counsel for the petitioner would take this

Court through the averments made in the subject criminal

petition and submits that the petitioner is wanting to go back to

her country. The petitioner is languishing in the jail / detention

centre for the last four years. He would submit that the

proceedings against the petitioner be quashed and a direction

be issued to the respondents to deport the petitioner to her

country.

6. Sri Shanthi Bhushan H., learned Deputy Solicitor

General of India appearing for the respondents would submit

that in terms of the Model Standard Operating Procedure ('SOP'

for short), the prosecution against the petitioner cannot be

quashed on the score that the petitioner was in possession of

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1.301 kgs. of Cocaine and therefore, she is in judicial custody /

detention centre.

7. I have given my anxious consideration to the

submissions made by the learned counsel for the parties and

have perused the material on record.

8. The afore-narrated facts are not in dispute. The

petitioner - Miranda Rodriguez Daniela, hails from Bolivia. She

was taken into custody from the Bengaluru International

Airport, on an enquiry and search and when she was found in

possession of 1.301 grams of Cocaine, which is an intermediate

quantity. Therefore, the afore-quoted offences sprang and the

crime is registered, which is pending in Spl.C.C.No.80/2023.

9. The plea of the petitioner before this Court is that, she

wants to go back to her country. The issue would be whether

pending prosecution against the petitioner for the afore-quoted

offences, can the petitioner be sent back to her country -

Nigeria. The Government of India on 25.11.2025, has issued a

Standard Operating Procedure, governing the withdrawal of

prosecution in cases involving foreign nationals, with the

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avowed objective of facilitating their deportation. The

preamble to the said SOP records circumstances which

necessitated its formulation. The preamble is as follows:-

"I am directed to say that misuse of legal procedures by certain foreign nationals who intentionally implicate themselves in criminal offences to delay deportation or gain prolonged stay in the India has been observed by the Law Enforcement Agencies in various States/UTs. Once the case is registered, these foreigners use various legal and procedural tactics viz., repeated adjournments sought on medical grounds, change of counsel, filing frivolous applications before the trial Court such as bail & discharge, absconding between hearings, claiming refugee status on frivolous ground during pending trial and by challenging various stages of trial procedure in higher courts. These tactics have often resulted in prolonged under trial detention or bail with restrictions, effectively allowing them to remain in India for years and expand their criminal activities, gangs and organized crimes in the country.

2. This matter came up for consideration at the DGsP/IGsP Conference, 2024, when it was inter alia decided that a comprehensive policy/legal framework to prevent misuse of judicial process by foreigners to overstay may be formulated by the Ministry of Home Affairs, in consultation with all stakeholders. It was further decided that the policy may examine withdrawal of cases where punishments were less than 7 years to facilitate deportation.

3. Accordingly, the matter regarding framing of a model Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for withdrawal from prosecution in cases filed against foreigners to facilitate their deportation has been examined by this Ministry in consultation with various stakeholders. Based on the inputs received from various stakeholders, a model SOP has been prepared in this regard within the framework of Section 360 of Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita,

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2023 (46 of 2023) and a copy of the same is enclosed.

4. The model SOP indicates the types of cases where withdrawal from prosecution may be considered against the foreigners, types of cases where such withdrawal from prosecution may not be considered and the detailed procedure that may be followed by State/UT prosecuting agencies and central prosecuting agencies for withdrawal from prosecution in such cases. Review of such cases by two Committees i.e., one District Level Screening Committee and another State Level Screening Committee in cases filed by State/UT prosecuting agencies is envisaged in the model SOP. In cases filed by central prosecuting agencies, it has been suggested that they may consider constituting an Agency Screening Committee to review such cases.

5. The objective of this model SOP is to prevent misuse of the judicial process by foreigners to prolong their stay in India. This will facilitate early deportation of such foreigners from the country and will also help in conservation of valuable judicial resources.

6. State/UT prosecuting agencies and central prosecuting agencies are advised to consider adopting the enclosed model SOP, by taking approval of the respective competent authorities, for withdrawal from prosecution in respect of cases filed against foreigners. Steps taken in this regard may please be intimated to this Ministry at the earliest."

(Emphasis supplied)

It is observed that certain foreign nationals have been

misusing the legal process of the country by deliberately

implicating themselves in criminal proceedings, so as to thwart

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or delay deportation and thereby prolong their stay within the

territory of India. The background to bring in the SOP reads as

follows:

"1. Background

Misuse of legal procedures by certain foreign nationals who intentionally implicate themselves in criminal offences to delay deportation or gain prolonged stay in India has been observed by the Law Enforcement Agencies in various States/UTs. Once the case is registered, these foreigners use various legal and procedural tactics viz., repeated adjournments sought on medical grounds, change of counsel, filing frivolous applications before the trial Court such as bail & discharge, absconding between hearings, claiming refugee status on frivolous ground during pending trial and by challenging various stages of trial procedure in higher courts. These tactics have often resulted in prolonged under-trial detention or bail with restrictions, effectively allowing them to remain in India for years and expand their criminal activities, gangs and organized crimes in the country.

In the DGsP/IGsP Conference, 2024, it was inter-alia decided as under:

"A comprehensive policy/legal framework to prevent misuse of judicial process by foreigners to overstay, to be formulated by MHA, in consultation with all stakeholders, including MEA, IB and legal officers. The policy would examine withdrawal of cases where punishments were less than 7 years, to facilitate deportation."."

The types of cases where withdrawal of prosecution is to

be considered are as follows:

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"3. Types of cases where withdrawal from prosecution may be considered against the foreigners.

(i) An offence registered under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023 (45 of 2023) which is compoundable under Section 359 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023(Act 46 of 2023).

(ii) An offence registered under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023 (45 of 2023) which carries a punishment of imprisonment of up to 7 years.

(iii) An offence registered under any Central Act, including the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025 (13 of 2025) and its predecessor Acts, but other than Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 (61 of 1985) or any State Act which is compoundable and/or where the punishment provided for the offence in the Act is imprisonment of up to 7 years.

(iv) An offence under the NDPS Act which carries a punishment of imprisonment up to ten years.

(v) Cases involving inexpediency of prosecution where trial is pending for more than five years."

(Emphasis supplied)

As submitted by the learned Deputy Solicitor General of

India, the Standard Operating Procedure are not applicable to

the petitioner in the case at hand as the offences punishable

under the Act is for an imprisonment of 20 years. Therefore, in

that light, I deem it appropriate to direct the concerned Court

to conclude the proceedings within six weeks from the date of

receipt of a copy of the order and the issue of deportation of

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the petitioner would depend upon the conclusion of the trial by

the concerned Court.

10. For the aforesaid reasons, the following:

ORDER

(i) Criminal Petition is disposed.

(ii) The XXXIII Additional City Civil and Sessions Judge and Special Judge (NDPS), Bengaluru (CCH-33) shall conclude the proceedings in Spl.C.c.No.80/2023, within an outer limit of six weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order.