Gauhati High Court

Kusheswar Borah vs The State Of Assam And Anr on 6 March, 2025

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GAHC010115182016




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                              THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
   (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)

                                 Case No. : Crl.Pet./555/2016

            KUSHESWAR BORAH
            S/O- LT. NITYA NANDA BORAH, R/O VILL.- DULAKHARIA, P.O.- BORJAN,
            P.S. and DIST.- GOLAGHAT, ASSAM.



            VERSUS

            THE STATE OF ASSAM AND ANR


            2:MATINUR RAHMAN
             S/O- MAKIBAL RAHMAN
             R/O VILL.- JAPIA
             P.S.- RANGIA
             DIST.- KAMRUP
            ASSAM

Advocate for the Petitioner   : MR.P SARMAH, MR.K PATHAK

Advocate for the Respondent : PP, ASSAM, MR.N K KALITA,ADDL PP,ASSAM

BEFORE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE KAUSHIK GOSWAMI

06.03.2025

Heard Mr. P. Sarmah, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Ms. S.H. Bora, Page No.# 2/13

learned Addl. Public Prosecutor for the State.

2. None appears for respondent No. 2. Pertinent that this Court by Order dated 05.01.2022 has observed that notice has been served upon respondent No. 2. However, since then, there has been no representation on behalf of respondent No. 2.

3. The matter is taken up accordingly for final disposal at the admission stage.

4. By way of this petition under Section 482 CrPC read with Section 397/401 of CrPC, the petitioner is seeking quashing of the Order dated 30.04.2016 issued by the Court of Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate (S)-1, Kamrup (Metro), Assam in GR Case No. 8558/2008 whereby charge against the petitioner under Section 406 IPC and/or in the alternative under Section 420 IPC, read with Section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (ECA in short) was framed.

5. The facts of the case is that an FIR was lodged on 03.11.2008 alleging interalia that the jurisdictional Inspector FCS & CA, Bureau of Investigation (EO) pursuant to letter dated 05.02.2008 had enquired into malpractices of PDS/TPDS commodities by the Secretary of Dakhin Hengra S.S. Ltd. i.e. the petitioner and found that the Secretary was actively involved in malpractices of PDS/TPDS commodities.

6. Upon verification of the Account, it is stated to have found that the said Samabai Samity had diverted 26 quintals of levy sugar from PDS network into the black market and accordingly contravened Clause 19 and 23 of the Assam Public Distribution of Articles Order, 1982 and Clause 6(4) of the Public Distribution System (Control) Order, 2001. Accordingly, the FIR was registered as BIEO PS Case No. 17/2008 under Section 406/420 IPC read with Section 7 of Essential Commodities Act and thereafter, the Investigating Officer investigated the matter and submitted chargesheet before the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Kamrup (Metro).

7. Pursuant to the receipt of the chargesheet, the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Kamrup (Metro) took cognizance on the chargesheet and transferred the case to the Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate (S)-I, Kamrup (Metro), Guwahati (SDJM in short) for Page No.# 3/13

disposal.

8. Thereafter, the Court of SDJM issued process for appearance of the petitioner and after the petitioner duly appeared in the Court, the SDJM Court by Order dated 30.04.2016, framed formal charges against the petitioner for offences punishable under Section 406 IPC and/or in the alternative under Section 420 IPC read with Section 7 of the ECA.

9. Against the said order of framing charge, the present criminal petition has been presented.

10. Mr. P. Sarmah, learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the offence having arisen out of the special legislation i.e. ECA, no charge under Section 406/420 IPC can be proceeded. He further submits that there is no contravention of any order made under Section 3 of the ECA and therefore, no offence under Section 7 is also made out.

11. Per contra, Ms. S.H. Bora, learned Addl. Public Prosecutor by vehemently opposing the prayer submits that the materials submitted by the prosecution clearly indicates that the petitioner has contravened the order made under Section 3 of the ECA and accordingly, an offence under Section 7 is clearly made out and therefore, the criminal proceeding should not be quashed at this stage.

12. I have heard the submissions advanced by the learned counsels for the parties and I have also perused the materials available on record.

13. Apt to refer to the FIR dated 03.11.2008, which is reads as hereunder:-

"To

The Officer-in-Charge Bureau of Investigation (EO) Assam, Guwahati-7

Sub: Submission of FIR against the Secretary of Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd.

Sir, Page No.# 4/13

I have the honour to state that in persuance of Govt. letter No. FSA. 146/06/pt/51 dated 5th February' 08, I had enquired into the alleged malpractices of PDS/TPDS commodities by the Secretary of Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd and found that the Secretary is actually involved in malpractices of PDS/TPDS commodities.

I went to the office of the Zonal Joint Registrar of co-op societies Jorhat on 29.02.2008 and seized some documents relating to PDS/TPDA of M/s Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd from the custody of Zonal Joint Registrar Sri T.C. Dutta in connection with the investigation.

Then I undertook a random verification of Few F.P. shop dealers under Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd and checked the accounts of distribution of levy sugar by the Samabay Samity.

Then it was found out that of Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd. had diverted 26.00 Qtls. of levy sugar from the PDS network into the black market and thereby contravened clause 19, 23 of the Assam Public Distribution of Articles Order 1982 and Clause 6(4) of the Public Distribution System (control) Order 2001. The Secretary had deprived the genuine PDS consumers from their due commodity and is involved in cheating of the consumers.

Moreover there are some entries of ADL rice made in the lifting book of some of the F.P. shop dealers which are doubtful.

Under above circumstances I request you to take necessary action for initiating a police investigation of the matter.

Name of Secretary of Dakhin Hengera S.S. Ltd.

Sri Kusheswar Bora S/o Late Nitya Nanda Bora, P.S. Golaghat

Yours Faithfully

Md. Matinur Rahman Inspector,FCS&CA, BIEO 3/11/08"

14. A bare perusal of the FIR indicates that no ingredients of Section 406 IPC or Section 420 IPC is alleged or made out in the body of the FIR. Further, the materials collected by the prosecution in support of the prosecution case also does not indicate any ingredients of Section 406 IPC or Section 420 IPC. That being so, the order of the learned Court of SDJM dated 30.04.2016 whereby charges against under Section 406 Page No.# 5/13

IPC and and/or in the alternative under Section 420 IPC was framed against the petitioner is bad in law.

15. Apt to refer to Section 7 of the ECA, which reads as hereunder:-

"7. Penalties.―1 [(1) If any person contravenes any order made under Section 3,―

(a) he shall be punishable,―

(i) in the case of an order made with reference to clause (h) or clause (i) of sub-

section (2) of that section, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year and shall also be liable to fine, and

(ii) in the case of any other order, with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three months but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than three months;

(b) any property in respect of which the order has been contravened shall be forfeited to the Government;

(c) any package, covering or receptacle in which the property is found and any animal, vehicle, vessel or other conveyance used in carrying the property shall, if the court so orders, be forfeited to the Government.

(2) If any person to whom a direction is given under clause (b) of sub-section (4) of section 3 fails to comply with the direction, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three months but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than three months.

(2A) If any person convicted of an offence under sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub-

section (1) or under sub-section (2) is again convicted of an offence under the same provision, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for the second and for every subsequent offence for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than six months.

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(2B) For the purposes of sub-sections (1), (2) and (2A), the fact that an offence under sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub-section (1) or under sub-section (2) has caused no substantial harm to the general public or to any individual shall be an adequate and special reason for awarding a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than three months or six months, as the case may be.

[(3) Where a person having been convicted of an offence under sub-section (1) is again convicted of an offence under that sub-section for contravention of an order in respect of an essential commodity, the court by which such person is convicted shall, in addition to any penalty which may be imposed on him under that sub-section, by order, direct that that person shall not carry on any business in that essential commodity for such period, not being less than six months, as may be specified by the Court in the Order.]"

16. A perusal of Section 7 indicates that if any persons contravenes under Section 3, he shall be liable to be punished under the provision of Section 7 of the said Act.

17. Section 3 of the ECA provides the power to the Central Government to control production, supply, distribution, etc., of essential commodities which reads as hereunder:-

"3. Powers to control production, supply, distribution, etc., of essential commodities.―(1) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do for maintaining or increasing supplies of any essential commodity or for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices, [or for securing any essential commodity for the defence of India or the efficient conduct of military operations], it may, by order, provide for regulating or prohibiting the production, supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), an order made thereunder may provide―

(a) for regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the production or manufacture of any essential commodity;

(b) for bringing under cultivation any waste or arable land, whether appurtenant to a building or not, for the growing thereon of food-crops generally or of specified food-

crops, and for otherwise maintaining or increasing the cultivation of food-crops generally, or of specified food-crops.

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(d) for regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the storage, transport, distribution, disposal, acquisition, use or consumption of, any essential commodity;

(e) for prohibiting the withholding from sale of any essential commodity ordinarily kept for sale;

[(f) for requiring any person holding in stock, or engaged in the production, or in the business of buying or selling, of any essential commodity,―

(a) to sell the whole or a specified part of the quantity held in stock or produced or received by him or,

(b) in the case of any such commodity which is likely to be produced or received by him, to sell the whole or a specified part of such commodity when produced or received by him, to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to a Corporation owned or controlled by such Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order.

Explanation 1.―An order made under this clause in relation to foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils, may, having regard to the estimated production, in the concerned area, of such foodgrains, edible oilseeds and edible oils, fix the quantity to be sold by the producers in such area and may also fix, or provide for the fixation of, such quantity on a graded basis, having regard to the aggregate of the area held by, or under the cultivation of, the producers.

Explanation 2.―For the purpose of this clause, "production" with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions includes manufacture of edible oils and sugar;]

(g) for regulating or prohibiting any class of commercial or financial transactions relating to foodstuffs *** which, in the opinion of the authority making the order, are, or, if unregulated, are likely to be, detrimental to the public interest;

(h) for collecting any information or statistics with a view to regulating or prohibiting any of the aforesaid matters;

(i) for requiring persons engaged in the production, supply or distribution of or trade and commerce in, any essential commodity to maintain and produce for inspection such books, accounts and records relating to their business and to furnish such information relating thereto, as may be specified in the order;

[(ii) for the grant or issue of licences, permits or other documents, the charging of fees therefore, the deposit of such sum, if any, as may be specified in the order as security for the due performance of the conditions of any such licence, permit or other document, the forfeiture of the sum so deposited or any part thereof for contravention of any such conditions, and the adjudication of such forfeiture by such authority as may be specified in the order;] Page No.# 8/13

[(j) for any incidental and supplementary matters, including, in particular, the entry, search or examination of premises, aircraft, vessels, vehicles or other conveyances and animals, and the seizure by a person authorised to make such entry, search or examination,--

(i) of any articles in respect of which such person has reason to believe that a contravention of the order has been, is being, or is about to be committed and any packages, coverings or receptacles in which such articles are found;

(ii) of any aircraft, vessel, vehicle or other conveyance or animal used in carrying such articles, if such person has reason to believe that such aircraft, vessel, vehicle or other conveyance or animal is liable to be forfeited under the provisions of this Act;

[(iii) of any books of accounts and documents which in the opinion of such person, may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceeding under this Act and the person from whose custody such books of accounts or documents are seized shall be entitled to make copies thereof or to take extracts therefrom in the presence of an officer having the custody of such books of accounts or documents.]]

(3) Where any person sells any essential commodity in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), there shall be paid to him the price therefore as hereinafter provided:―

(a) where the price can, consistently with the controlled price, if any, fixed under this section, be agreed upon, the agreed price;

(b) where no such agreement can be reached, the price calculated with reference to the controlled price, if any;

(c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale.

[(3A) (i) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary so to do for controlling the rise in prices or preventing the hoarding, of any food-stuff in any locality, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), the price at which the food-stuff shall be sold in the locality in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub- section (2) shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions of this sub-section.

(ii) Any notification issued under this sub-section shall remain in force for such period not exceeding three months as may be specified in the notification.

(iii) Where, after the issue of a notification under this sub-section, any person sells foodstuff of the kind specified therein and in the locality so specified, in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), there shall be paid to the seller as the price therefor―

(a) where the price can, consistently with the controlled price of the foodstuff, if any, Page No.# 9/13

fixed under this section, be agreed upon, the agreed price;

(b) where no such agreement can be reached, the price calculated with reference to the controlled price, if any;

(c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price calculated with reference to average market rate prevailing in the locality during the period of three months immediately preceding the date of the notification.

(iv) For the purposes of sub-clause (c) of clause (iii), the average market rate prevailing in the locality shall be determined by an officer authorised by the Central Government in this behalf, with reference to the prevailing market rates for which published figures are available in respect of that locality or of a neighbouring locality; and the average market rate so determined shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court.]

[(3B) Where any person is required, by an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), to sell to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to a Corporation owned or controlled by such Government, any grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils in relation to which no notification has been issued under sub-section (3A), or such notification having been issued, has ceased to be in force, there shall be paid to the person concerned, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in sub-section (3), an amount equal to the procurement price of such foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils, as the case may be, specified by the State Government, with the previous approval of the Central Government having regard to― (a) the controlled price, if any, fixed under this section or by or under any other law for the time being in force for such grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils;

(b) the general crop prospects;

(c) the need for making such grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils available at reasonable prices to the consumers, particularly the vulnerable sections of the consumers; and

(d) the recommendations, if any, of the Agricultural Prices Commission with regard to the price of the concerned grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils.]

[(3C) Where any producer is required by an order made with reference to clause (f) of subsection (2) to sell any kind of sugar (whether to the Central Government or to a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to any other person or class of persons) whether a notification was issued under sub-section (3A) or otherwise, then, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), there shall be paid to that producer only such amount as the Central Government may, by order, determine, having regard to--

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(a) the fair and remunerative price, if any, determined by the Central Government as the price of sugarcane to be taken into account under this section;

(b) the manufacturing cost of sugar;

(d) a reasonable return on the capital employed in the business of manufacturing of sugar:

Provided that the Central Government may determine different prices, from time to time, for different areas or factories or varieties of sugar:

Provided further that where any provisional determination of price of levy sugar has been done in respect of sugar produced up to the sugar season 2008-2009, the final determination of price may be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this sub-section as it stood immediately before the 1st day of October, 2009.

Explanation 1 [I].-- For the purposes of this sub-section,--

(a) "fair and remunerative price" means the price of sugarcane determined by the Central Government under this section;

(b) "manufacturing cost of sugar" means the net cost incurred on conversion of sugarcane into sugar including net cost of transportation of sugarcane from the purchase centre to the factory gate, to the extent it is borne by the producer;

(c) "producer" means a person carrying on the business of manufacturing sugar;

(d) "reasonable return on the capital employed" means the return on net fixed assets plus working capital of a producer in relation to manufacturing of sugar including procurement of sugarcane at a fair and remunerative price determined under this section.]

[Explanation II.―For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the expressions "fair and remunerative price" referred to in clause (a), "manufacturing cost of sugar"

referred to in clause (b) and "reasonable return on the capital employed" referred to in clause (d), of this sub-section do not include the price paid or payable under any order or any enactment of any State Government and any price agreed to between the producer and the grower or a sugarcane growers' co-operative society.]

[(3D) The Central Government may direct that no producer, importer or exporter shall sell or otherwise dispose of or deliver any kind of sugar or remove any kind of sugar from the bonded go downs of the factory in which it is produced, whether such godowns are situated within the premises of the factory or outside or from the warehouses of the importers or exporters, as the case may be except under and in accordance with the direction issued by the Government:

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Provided that this sub-section shall not affect the pledging of such sugar by any producer or importer in favour of any scheduled bank as defined in clause (e) of section 2 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934) or any corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), so, however, that no such hank shall sell the sugar pledged to it except under and in accordance with a direction issued by the Central Government.

(3E) The Central Government may, from time to time, by general or special order, direct any producer or importer or exporter or recognised dealer or any class of producers or recognised dealers, to take action regarding production, maintenance of stocks, storage, sale, grading, packing, marking, weighment, disposal, delivery and distribution of any kind of sugar in the manner specified in the direction.

Explanation.―For the purposes of sub-section (3D) and this sub-section,―

(a) "producer" means a person carrying on the business of manufacturing sugar;

(b) "recognised dealer'' means a person carrying on the business of purchasing, selling or distributing sugar;

(4) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary so to do for maintaining or increasing the production and supply of an essential commodity, it may, by order, authorize any person (hereinafter referred to as an authorized controller) to exercise, with respect to the whole or any part of any such undertaking engaged in the production and supply of the commodity as may be specified in the order such functions of control as may be provided therein and so long as such order is in force with respect to any undertaking or part thereof,―

(a) the authorized controller shall exercise his functions in accordance with any instructions given to him by the Central Government, so, however, that he shall not have any power to give any direction inconsistent with the provisions of any enactment or any instrument determining the functions of the persons in-charge of the management of the undertaking, except in so far as may be specifically provided by the order; and

(b) the undertaking or part shall be carried on in accordance with any directions given by the authorised controller under the provisions of the order, and any person having any functions of management in relation to the undertaking or part shall comply with any such directions.

(5) An order made under this section shall,―

(a) in the case of an order of a general nature or affecting a class of persons, be Page No.# 12/13

notified in the Official Gazette; and

(b) in the case of an order directed to a specified individual be served on such individual―

(i) by delivering or tendering it to that individual, or

(ii) if it cannot be so delivered or tendered, by affixing it on the outer door or some other conspicuous part of the premises in which that individual lives, and a written report there of shall be prepared and witnessed by two persons living in the neighbourhood.

(6) Every order made under this section by the Central Government or by any officer or authority of the Central Government shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament, as soon as may be, after it is made."

18. It appears from the materials available on records that there are materials to show that the petitioner has contravened the order made under Section 3 of the said Act. Sufficiency of the evidence cannot be gone at this stage.

19. That being so, the charge framed under Section 7 of the ECA warrants no interference from this Court.

20. Accordingly, the Order dated 30.04.2016 passed by Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate (S)-I, Kamrup (Metro), Guwahati is interfered with to the extent of charge framed under Section 406 IPC and Section 420 IPC. Resultantly, the charge framed under Section 406 and Section 420 IPC is set aside and quashed.

21. It is needless to be clarified that the case shall now proceed under Section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.

22. The Criminal Petition stands disposed of. No cost.

23. Send back the TCR.

24. It is needless to be clarified that upon receipt of the TCR, the Trial Court shall Page No.# 13/13

conclude the trial as expeditiously as possible.

JUDGE

Comparing Assistant