Gauhati High Court
WA/28/2021 on 30 July, 2021
GAHC010038142020
1
IN THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
(HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Writ Appeal 28/2021
1. The State of Assam,
Represented by the Principal Secretary to the Govt. of Assam,
Agriculture Department, Dispur, Guwahati-06.
2. The Secretary to the Government of Assam,
Agriculture Department, Dispur, Guwahati-06.
3. The Under Secretary to the Government of Assam,
Agriculture Department, Dispur, Guwahati-06.
...... Appellants
-VERSUS-
Mrigen Haloi
S/o: Sri Lakshmi Haloi
R/o: Village and P.O. Mugkuchi,
Dist.- Nalbari, Assam
PIN- 781334.
.....Respondent
For the Appellants : Mr. R. K. D. Choudhury,
Sr. Govt. Advocate, Assam.
For the Respondent : Mr. K. N. Choudhury, Senior Advocate.
: Mr. D. J. Das, Advocate.
Date of Hearing : 02.03.2021.
Date of Judgment : 30.07.2021.
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
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:: BEFORE::
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE N. KOTISWAR SINGH
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SOUMITRA SAIKIA
JUDGMENT & ORDER
(N. Kotiswar Singh, J)
The present appeal has been preferred against the order dated 28.11.2019
passed by the Ld. Single Judge in WP(C) No. 8229/2019 by which the Ld. Single
Judge set aside the suspension order dated 15.06.2019 of the respondent [writ
petitioner in WP(C) 8229/2019] and the subsequent notifications dated
08.11.2019 and 27.11.2019, continuing the suspension as being not sustainable in
law, on the ground that there was no review of the suspension within 90 (ninety)
days from the date of suspension but the review was held after 145 (one hundred
and forty five) days which was not permissible.
2. The writ petitioner/respondent herein was appointed as an Agricultural
Development Officer, Govt. of Assam on the recommendation of the Assam Public
Service Commission (APSC) vide order dated 17.03.2016 and was posted at
Bengtol Circle, Chirang under the BTC, Kokrajhar.
3. On a complaint made by one of the unsuccessful candidates in the selection
process for the said post, an FIR was lodged in the Bhangagarh Police Station,
which was registered as Bhangagarh Police Station Case No. 159/2017 under
Sections 120(B)/420/468 of the IPC read with Sections 7/13(1)(a)(d)(iii)/13(2) of
the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and the petitioner was arrested in
connection with the said case on 09.05.2019 and was detained in custody for
more than 48 (forty eight) hours. Though the petitioner was subsequently
released on bail on 26.07.2019, as his detention was for more than 48 hours, he
was deemed to be placed under suspension and in fact, to that effect an order
was passed on 15.06.2019 in exercise of powers conferred under Section 6(2) of
the Assam Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1964 with effect from the date
of his arrest on 09.05.2019.
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4. The petitioner remained under suspension and his suspension was
extended by a subsequent notification issued on 08.11. 2019 for another 3 (three)
months w.e.f. 09.08.2019 and thereafter, again by another notification dated
27.11.2019 for further 3 (three) months' period w.e.f. 09.11.2019.
5. The aforesaid suspension order dated 15.06.2019 and the extension of the
suspension order dated 27.11.2019 were put to challenge before this Court in the
aforesaid writ petition, WP(C) No. 8229/2019.
6. The Ld. Single Judge after discussing the law in this regard, allowed the
writ petition, W.P.(C) No. 8229/2019 by setting aside the suspension order as well
as the extension of suspension order by subsequent orders.
7. The Ld. Single Judge, while coming to the aforesaid conclusion had relied
on the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Ajay Kumar Choudhuary Vs.
Union of India1, by holding that the suspension order requires to be reviewed
before expiry of 90 (ninety) days and the subsequent review must be also held
before expiry of extended period of suspension and if the said exercises are not
undertaken, such suspension order will be liable to be set aside.
8. In the present case, the Ld. Single Judge noted that though the writ
petitioner was placed under suspension vide order dated 15.06.2019, no review
was held before expiry of 90 (ninety) days and the subsequent review of the
suspension was held after 145 (one hundred forty five) days, which according to
the Ld. Single Judge, was not permissible.
9. Ld. Single Judge also noted the submission made on behalf of the State
Government that the State Government had granted prosecution sanction vide
order dated 24.10.2019 and as such, considering the gravity of the charge against
the petitioner, the review for continuation of the suspension was made after
sanction was granted and as such, it may not be appropriate to set aside the
suspension order.
1
(2015) 7 SCC 291
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
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10. Ld. Single Judge took note of the aforesaid submission and held that since
neither the suspension order was reviewed before expiry of 90 (ninety) days nor
the memorandum of charges were served to the petitioner within 90 (ninety)
days, suspension order dated 15.06.2019 can no longer be valid in law. As a
result, subsequent order continuing the suspension vide order dated 27.11.2019
also cannot be sustained.
11. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid decision of the learned Single Judge, the
present appeal has been preferred by the State.
12. The main plea taken in this appeal is that there is a distinction between
placing an employee under suspension for the purpose of holding a departmental
enquiry or during pendency of an enquiry, in which case, such suspension order
ought to be reviewed within 90 (ninety) days and, in case of a deemed
suspension. It has been submitted that the aforesaid requirement of reviewing
within 90 (ninety) days will not come into play when suspension is a deemed
suspension under Sub-Rule 2 of Rule 6 of Assam Services (Discipline and Appeal)
Rules, 1964 on account of being in custody for a period exceeding 48 (forty eight)
hours and as such, the ratio of Ajay Kumar Choudhary (supra) will not be
applicable in such a case of deemed suspension. It has been stated that the
charge against the petitioner is of a serious nature and prosecution sanction was
also granted against the petitioner, and as such, the suspension order may not be
interfered with.
13. On the other hand, the learned counsel for the respondent has submitted
that the issue is no more res integra.
It has been submitted that this issue has been considered by this Court in a
number of cases and has referred to the decision of this Court in Rakibuddin
Ahmed Vs. State of Assam & Ors.2 and the State of Nagaland & Ors. Vs.
Chubanungsang Imchen & Anr.3.
2
2019 (5) GLT 600
3
2019 (5) GLT 444
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14. It has been submitted that it has been held in Rakibuddin Ahmed (supra)
that the principle laid down in Ajay Kumar Choudhary (supra) cannot be
restricted only to an order of suspension issued on contemplation of a disciplinary
proceeding/during the pendency of an enquiry, the principle laid down in Ajay
Kumar Choudhary (supra) is equally applicable in case of deemed suspension
under Section 6(2) of the 1964 Rules.
15. Thus, from the above rival submissions made, it is evident that the only
issue to be decided in this appeal is whether the principle laid down in Ajay
Kumar Choudhary (supra) which mandates reviewing the suspension order
within 90 (ninety) days, will also be applicable in case of a deemed suspension.
Ld. Single Judge had taken the view that the requirement of review within 90
(ninety) days cannot be dispensed with even if it is a deemed suspension.
16. As discussed above, this aspect had been already considered by this Court
in a large number of cases.
17. In WP(C) No. 6842/2018 (Atfur Rahman Vs. The State of Assam
and 3 Ors.) and connected writ petitions, WP(C) No. 711/2019 (Manash
Kamal Gogoi Vs. The State of Assam and Ors.) and WP(C) No.
8695/2018 (Dhiraj Kumar Das Vs. The State of Assam and Anr.), disposed
of on 15.03.2019, one of us (N. Kotiswar Singh, J) had dealt with the issue of
requirement of review of the suspension where disciplinary proceeding is
contemplated or pending, and also in a case of deemed suspension on being
detained for more than 48 (forty eight) hours.
In the aforesaid case of Atfur Rahman (supra) it was held that there is no
distinction between these two categories of suspensions, one in contemplation or
during the pendency of a disciplinary proceeding and another in case of deemed
suspension because a detention for more than 48 (forty eight) hours, and the
Court took the view that the requirement of review within 90 (ninety) days cannot
be dispensed with even in a case of deemed suspension.
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18. In this regard, it may be apposite to reproduce the relevant paragraphs of
the decision in Atfur Rahman (supra), which read as follows,
"62) Though suspension of a government employee can be made either under
Rule 6(1) or Rule 6(2) of the Assam Services (Disciplinary and Appeal) Rules,
1964, there is virtually no difference between the two situations, except for the
immediate cause triggering the suspension.
63) In one case, under Rule 6 (1), it is made on the basis of certain complaint
against the government employee because of which the Authority contemplates to
hold a departmental enquiry or when the employee is found to be engaged in
activities prejudicial to the interest or security of the State, (which obviously would
necessitate holding a departmental enquiry) or where a case against him of any
criminal offence is under investigation, inquiry or trial.
On the other hand, Rule 6(2) is automatically invoked when the
Government employee is arrested and detained in custody beyond forty eight hours.
By operation of law, such a detained employee is deemed to have been placed
under suspension from the date of detention. Because of this deeming provision,
even formal order of suspension need not be issued. [See: Union of India Vs. Rajiv
Kumar (2003) 6 SCC 516]
Thus, the difference is the circumstance immediately obtaining before an
employee is placed under suspension. Rule 6(2) comes into play when the
employee has been arrested and detained in custody for more than 48 hrs.
Apart from the difference in the immediate cause or circumstance, leading
to the suspension, otherwise, once the suspension order has been issued/deemed to
have been issued, there is no more difference as regards the effects, consequences,
liabilities as far as the suspended employees are concerned.
An employee placed under suspension under Rule 6 (2) is not placed under
a graver or stricter legal regime. He is subjected to the same liabilities and
obligations as any other employee suspended under Rule 6(1). In fact he enjoys the
same rights. He will get similar subsistence allowances and will be subjected to the
same restrictions. The only difference may be manner in which the suspended
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
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employee will be proceeded. In the case of the employee suspended under Rule
6(2), he will be subjected to the normal criminal process. In addition, he may have
to face departmental proceeding also. However, an employee suspended under Rule
6(1) will be proceeded departmentally. He may however, be also liable to be
proceeded under the criminal process, if he has been suspended under Sub-rule 1(c)
of Rule 6.
Therefore, in the post suspension period, employees suspended under Rule
6(1) or Rule 6(2) cannot be compartmentalized, and categorized separately and
dealt with differently, as if these two categories are different and mutually
incompatible. In fact, in the post suspension period, there is no substantial
difference between those two categories. Difference is only in the pre-suspension
period i.e. the reason for placing the employee under suspension.
64) This difference in placing an employee under suspension is merely in the
methodology and semantic and not in substance, for the intention and purpose for
placing an employee under suspension under Rule 6(1) and Rule 6(2) are the same.
In the first case under Rule 6(1), an employee is placed by the Authority by
a conscious act of the Authority upon receipt or becoming aware of certain
misconduct which warrants disciplinary proceeding.
In the second situation, the Authority itself may not be aware of the
misconduct but gets invoked by operation of law automatically after being arrested
and detained in connection with any criminal case beyond 48 hrs. In such a
situation, Rule 6(2) gets activated by itself, by way of a legal fiction and he shall be
deemed to have been placed under suspension from the time of arrest and detention
provided it is more than 48 hours, even if the Authority does not become aware of
the arrest and detention. Because of this it has been held that even in absence of any
formal order to this effect, a person will be deemed to be suspended once he has
been arrested and detained beyond 48 hrs. This deeming and enabling provision for
suspension has been provided, for the law presumes that if an employee gets
arrested and is detained beyond 48 hours, the matter warrants serious consideration
by the Authority by keeping him away from active duty, as in the manner a person
is placed under Rule 6(1). The presumption is that an accused person has to be
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
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invariably produced within 24 hours of his detention before a Magistrate and if he
is not released on the first production, there is every possibility that there are some
incriminating material against him.
Under Rule 6 (1), the Authority considers that the misconduct alleged is
serious enough which warrants proceeding against him departmentally for
punishment and accordingly, places him under suspension to ensure smooth
holding of departmental enquiry and for effectuating the purposes mentioned under
Para 2.1.2 to Para 2.1.7 of the Manual.
Under Rule 6(2), the law gets activated without the initiative of the
Authority and the deeming provision comes into play once an employee is arrested
and detained more than 48 hrs in connection with any criminal case. Law
contemplates that such a person should be also placed under suspension to achieve
the same purpose as contemplated under Para 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 2.1.6 and 2.1.7 of the
Manual. Law presumes applicability of these situations contemplated under the
aforesaid paragraphs of the Manual even for deemed suspension under Rule 6 (2).
65) It may be also noted that an employee can be placed under suspension under
Rule 6 (1) (c) if any criminal case is pending against him or is under criminal
investigation, even if he is not arrested.
Rule 6 (2) will come into play only when he is arrested and detained beyond
48 hrs. in connection with the criminal case.
There may be also a situation, where an employee may be arrested and
detained but released on bail before completing 48 hrs. In such a situation, Rule 6
(2) will not come into play for suspending the employees. Yet, nothing prevents the
Authority to invoke Rule 6 (1) (c) to suspend the employee and the Authority can
certainly suspend the employee under Rule 6 (1) (c).
Therefore, from the above, it is clearly evident that Rule 6 (2) is not
exclusively meant for those employees who get involved in criminal case. Rule 6
(1) (c) also deals with those employees who get involved in criminal cases. To that
extent, there is a common denominator which is present in both Rule 6 (2) and 6 (1)
(c), i.e. involvement in criminal cases.
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
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68) Otherwise, there is no difference in substance of the suspensions made
under Rule 6(1) or Rule (2).
If there is no difference between the suspensions effected under Rule 6(1)
and under Rule 6(2), and also if there is no difference in the service conditions in
the post suspension period as regards their liabilities and rights, there is no cogent
reason why different standards would apply and why similar principles should not
govern the continuation of suspension in these two situations, unless the Rules
provide otherwise. The Assam Services (Disciplinary and Appeal) Rules, 1964 do
not specifically provide for different treatment for these two categories of
suspended employees, one under Rule 6(1) and other under Rule 6(2), except that
the Manual is silent on the duration and the requirement of review of the
suspension.
69) It may, however, be noted that the Manual cannot govern the substantive
provisions of the principal Rules and if it is inconsistent with the principal Rules,
will be invalid to that extent. Therefore, the silence of the Manual as regards
suspension under Rule 6 (2) may not be decisive, considering the conclusion
arrived at by this Court that there is no substantive difference between the
suspensions made under Rule 6 (1) and Rule 6 (2) except for the immediate cause
for suspension. In view of the above, in respect of suspensions issued under Rule 6
(1) or deemed to have issued under Rule 6 (2), similar principles and yardsticks
ought to apply while dealing with the issue of continuation of the suspension.
70) Apart from the silence in the Manual about Rule 6(2) regarding the duration
of the suspension and requirement of review, as discussed above, the Rules are also
silent about any differentiation in the scope, effect, consequences of the
suspensions under these two Sub-rules.
71) The differentiation sought to be introduced by the Department is also
without any basis and it could lead to very iniquitous results which cannot be
countenanced under the law.
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
As contended by the Department, suspension order under Rule 6(1) is liable
to be invalidated after three months if charges are not filed by then and if no review
also held. Thus the employee would be entitled to be reinstated in service.
As mentioned above, Rule 6(1) does not deal only with situations arising
out of contemplated departmental enquiry but also with cases where there is already
a criminal investigation going on or trial going on [vide Rule 6(1)(c)]. In such case
of suspension under Rule 6(1) (c), if the charge sheet is not filed before the
competent Court, within three months and if no review is held, the employee would
be entitled to be reinstated as per the Manual.
However, in respect of suspension under Rule 6(2) where the suspension is
also in connection with some criminal case pending, if charge is not filed within
three months, yet he cannot get the benefit of reinstatement because he was
detained more than 48 hrs, if the contention of the State/Department is to be
accepted. Can the employees suspended under Rule 6 (1) be placed in a higher
pedestal than those suspended under Rule 6 (2)? This Court is of the opinion that it
cannot be.
72) This Court is of the view the immediate cause for placing an employee
under suspension will not have any relevance about the continuation of the
suspension. The continuation of suspension has to be based on factors and
considerations as contemplated under Para 2.1.4 to Para 2.1.8 of the Manual quoted
above. The immediate circumstance of his being arrested and detained for more
than 48 hrs. would not have much relevance to decide on the continuation of the
suspension, as the involvement of the employee would depend upon the material
gathered against him showing prima facie involvement in the offence/crime and
other factors mentioned in Para 2.1.4 to Para 2.1.8 of the Manual and not his arrest.
Therefore, making the factum of arrest and detention for more than 48
hours to be the determinative factor to decide whether suspension has to be
continued or not, does not appeal to reason and seems to be arbitrary.
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Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
78) It may be noted that CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965 have not made any distinction
between these two categories of suspensions and provide for review of the
suspension irrespective of whether the suspension was issued under Rule 10(2) in
contemplation of any disciplinary proceeding or deemed to be suspended under
Rule 6(2). Sub-rule (6) of Rule 10 of CCS (CCA) Rules provides that an order of
suspension made or deemed to have been made under Rule 10 shall be reviewed by
the authority which is competent to modify or revoke the suspension, before expiry
of ninety days from the effective date of suspension, on the recommendation of the
Review Committee constituted for the purpose and pass orders either extending or
revoking the suspension. Similarly, it has been provided under Sub-rule 7 of Rule
10 of the CCS (CCA) Rules that an order of suspension made or deemed to have
been made under Sub-rule (1) or (2) of Rule 10 shall not be valid after a period of
ninety days unless it is extended after review, for a further period before the expiry
of ninety days.
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84) It may be observed that though there are other decisions of the Hon'ble
Supreme Court in which it has been held that prolonged suspension does not ipso
facto result in invalidation of the suspension order, it may be noted that keeping in
tune with the mandate of Article 14, which prevents discrimination and
arbitrariness in the administrative field, and also Article 21 which mandates speedy
trial, and also keeping in mind the provisions of the Manual as quoted above, this
Court is of the view that the principle laid down in Ajay Kumar Choudhury
(Supra), would seem to be more in tune with the requirement of law and it would
have a more pursuance value in the present case.
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99) Having considered the provisions of the Assam Services (Discipline and
Appeal) Rules, 1964 read with the Manual referred to above and the various
decisions of this Court as well as the Hon'ble Supreme Court, more particularly the
decision in Ajay Kumar Choudhury (Supra), and for the reasons discussed above,
this Court would hold that even in case of deemed suspension under Rule 6 (2) of
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
the Assam Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1964, where charge-sheet in
connection with the criminal case has not been submitted before the competent
Court within three months, the Disciplinary Authorities would be required to
review for continuance of suspension by seeking advice of the Department of
Personnel in the same manner as provided under Para 2.1.8 of the Manual. As a
consequence, if such review is not held within three months where charge-sheet is
not filed before the competent Court, the suspended employee would be entitled to
be reinstated in service. The employees deemed suspended under Rule 6(2) would
be entitled to similar treatment extended to the employees suspended under Rule
6(1) of the Assam Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1964."
19. Thus, the decision in Ajay Kumar Choudhary (supra) was held to be
applicable in deemed suspension also. It may be also noted that the aforesaid
decision rendered in Atfur Rahman (supra) was also noted in Rakibuddin
Ahmed (supra) by the Division Bench of this Court and the Division Bench did not
accept the plea that the view rendered in Atfur Rahman (supra) may not be the
correct view. On the contrary, the said view was adopted by the Division Bench in
Rakibuddin Ahmed (supra).
20. It may be also noted that the Division Bench was considering the matter on
a reference being made by a Ld. Single Bench of this Court on the plea taken that
the decisions in Atfur Rahman (supra) and Biswajit Dey Vs. State of Assam
[WP(C) 2401/2019] relying on the decision of Ajay Kumar Choudhary
(supra) may not be the correct view of the law as regards the issue relating to
deemed suspension, as the suspension dealt with in the case of Ajay Kumar
Choudhary (supra) was in contemplation of drawal of departmental proceeding
and not because of arrest and detention for more than 48 (forty eight) hours as
observed in para 4 and 5 of the decision in Rakibuddin Ahmed (supra) which
reads as follows,
"4. Single Benches of this Court in the cases of Biswajit Dey Vs. State of Assam
[WP(C) 2401/2019] and Atfur Rahman Vs. State of Assam [WP(C) No. 6842/2018]
vide separate orders have relied upon the principles laid down in Ajay Kumar
Choudhury (Supra) and had set aside the orders of suspension.
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
5. Since the suspension in the case of Ajay Kumar Choudhary (Supra) was in
contemplation of drawal of Departmental Proceeding and not because of arrest and
detention for more than 48 hours, the learned Single Judge in the instant case was
of the conclusion that the view rendered in the cases of Biswajit Dey (Supra) and
Atfur Rahman (Supra) may not be the correct view and therefore, the present
reference has been made on the following question:
"whether in a case covered by Rule 6(2) of the Assam Services
(Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1964, the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme
Court in the case of Ajay Kumar Choudhury (Supra) would have automatic
application."
Further, in para 15 and 17 of the aforesaid case of Rakibuddin Ahmed
(supra), the Division Bench held as follows,
"15. We have consciously applied our mind to the query raised by the
learned Single Judge. Though the case of Ajay Kumar Choudhury (Supra) is a case
where suspension order was issued pending drawal of Disciplinary Proceeding and
not a case of deemed suspension, the observation made by the Hon'ble Supreme
Court in paragraph-20 whereby, the analogy of Section 162(2) Cr.P.C., 1976 has
been brought in, we are persuaded to hold that the principles laid down in the said
case cannot be restricted to an order of suspension issued only on contemplation of
drawal of Disciplinary Proceeding and not for deemed suspension.
In our view, the issue should be seen from the perspective of the
consequence and effect of suspension which is the same in both the cases. We also
feel that no prejudice, whatsoever, would be caused to the Department by such
interpretation inasmuch as no blanket order of revocation of suspension is passed
and it is left to the Department to make periodic review within a period of 3(three)
months and decide as to whether such suspension is required to be extended or not
by assigning reasons. Whether such reasons are justified and germane can be the
subject matter of a separate challenge.
In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the reference by holding that
the principles laid down in the case of Ajay Kumar Choudhury (Supra) would also
be applicable in case of deemed suspension under Section 6(2) of the 1964 Rules."
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"17. Since we have already answered the reference holding that periodic review
in the case of deemed suspension is mandatory, the requirement of remanding the
matter to the learned Single Judge would be a meaningless exercise and as agreed
to by the parties, while answering the reference, as above, we are of the opinion
that a case for interference of the impugned order dated 16.02.2019 is made out.
Accordingly, the order of suspension dated 16.02.2019 issued by the
Divisional Forest Officer, Guwahati Wildlife Division is hereby set aside and
quashed. We, however, hasten to add that the Department would be at liberty to
post the petitioner in any non-sensitive post."
Thus, the Division Bench rather upheld the decisions in Aftur Rahman
(supra) and Biswajit Dey (supra) by applying the principles discussed therein
following the decision in Ajay Kumar Choudhary (supra), specifically referring
to the similarity of the consequence and effect of suspension in both the cases.
21. For the aforesaid reasons, we see no merit in the present appeal. We
reiterate that the principle laid down in Ajay Kumar Choudhary (supra) will be
applicable even in a case of deemed suspension and accordingly, if no review of
the suspension had been made within 90 (ninety) days, such deemed suspension
and its continuation will be vitiated and would be liable to be interfered with.
22. In the present case, since review was not held within 90 (ninety) days but
after 145 (one hundred forty five) days, the continued suspension of the writ
petitioner/respondent herein cannot be sustained as held by the Ld. Single Judge.
23. The appeal is, accordingly, dismissed as devoid of merit.
Sd/- Soumitra Saikia Sd/- N. Kotiswar Singh
JUDGE JUDGE
Comparing Assistant
Writ Appeal No. 28 of 2021
