Inspiration vs The National Trust & Anr
2010 Latest Caselaw 4712 Del

       IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

                          W.P.(C) 13450 of 2009

       INSPIRATION                                      ..... Petitioner
                          Through : Mr. Colin Gansalves, Senior
                          Advocate with Mr. Divya Jyoti Jaipuriar,
                          Advocate.
              versus

       THE NATIONAL TRUST & ANR                         ..... Respondents
                    Through : None


       CORAM: JUSTICE S. MURALIDHAR

       1. Whether reporters of the local news papers
          be allowed to see the judgment?                              No
       2. To be referred to the Reporter or not?                      Yes
       3. Whether the judgment should be reported in the Digest?     Yes


                            ORDER

06.10.2010

1. The Petitioner, which is a society registered under the Societies

Registration Act, 1860 is aggrieved by a letter dated 18th July 2006

written to it by the National Trust, Respondent No.1, asking it to refund

"the entire amount grant-in-aid of ` 27,89,342/- at the earliest." The

Petitioner is also aggrieved by the implied debarment of the Petitioner

from applying for any further grants to the National Trust as evident

from a notice dated 3rd September 2008 placed on the website of the

National Trust. Certain other consequential reliefs are also prayed for.

2. The Petitioner‟s organisation is represented by its President Smt.

Saswati Singh and has its office at Tilak Nagar at New Delhi. It was

granted registration as a society on 22nd June 1996. The Petitioner is

running a day care centre in Tilak Nagar having about 75 to 80 students

mostly from the lower income-group strata. It also runs a home in

Dehradun for about 25 students. The Petitioner states that one of its

main tasks is to work for intellectually challenged special children, and

to develop awareness about the causes and interventions required for

intellectually challenged children and adults. The Petitioner‟s special

schools deal with the training and rehabilitation for students from ages

2 to 35. The Petitioner also provides a range of therapies including

alternative therapies. The focus is on self-help skills, vocational training

and parents‟ training. The Petitioner‟s group home in Dehradun caters

to autistic young adults with severe challenges, where the students are

trained along with parents. The students from regular schools and

colleges are encouraged to volunteer and interact with the students of

the Petitioner‟s school and day care home, which according to the

Petitioner, helps in their personality development and self-confidence.

3. The Petitioner states that its Director Smt. Saswati Singh, is highly

qualified and has considerable experience in providing for the care and

rehabilitation of special children who are intellectually challenged. It is

stated that she has received a large number of awards both at the

national and international level. She received the National Trust Annual

Award 2007 the best individual parent of a person with disability.

4. Respondent No.1 is the National Trust. It is a statutory body

established by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

(„MSJE‟), Government of India under the National Trust for Welfare of

Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple

Disabilities Act, 1999 („National Trust Act‟). The MSJE, Government

of India has been impleaded as Respondent No.2 to the present petition.

For the period of 2001-05 the National Trust made a total grant of `

9,28,800/- to the Petitioner. This helped support the school and day care

centre run by the Petitioner. It is stated that the money was received by

an office order No. 104 dated 19th December 2001. It is stated that this

money was used for payment to 6 therapists, 1 medical doctor, 10

assistant teachers, 1 sweeper, 1 chowkidar and for purchase of

occupational therapy equipments, educational toys etc.

5. On 3rd April 2002, in continuation of the order dated 19th December

2001, the National Trust sanctioned an additional sum of `3,51,200/-

to the Petitioner towards recurring cost for the expenditure of

additional staff. Out of this, `1,75,600/- was released as a first

instalment 2002-03. By an office order dated 30th October 2002, the

MSJE sanctioned to the National Trust a sum of `6,10,400/- in

favour of the Petitioner which included ` 2,40,000/- towards non-

recurring grant and `3,70,400/- towards the 2nd instalment of the

recurring grant.

6. In continuation of the sanction order dated 19th December 2001, the

National Trust sanctioned a grant of ` 7,10,142/- to the Petitioner

towards recurring expenditure for day care centre. Consequently, a sum

of `3,54,942/- was released to the Petitioner by the National Trust by

an order dated 23rd June 2003.

7. It is reiterated by the Petitioner that the above monies were released

pursuant to the Petitioner being given a grant by the National Trust in

2001 and pursuant to the contract entered into that year between

National Trust and the Petitioner. The contract was for three years i.e.

2001-04. The period was extended to 2005. It is stated that the total

grant received by the Petitioner from the National Trust pursuant to the

above contract was ` 27,89,342/- and has been utilized for the purposes

of the day care centre and for the payment of staff in the two centres run

by the Petitioner.

8. It is stated that the National Trust was desirous of inducting into its

Board, persons who were representative of the mental disabilities

sector. It is stated that Smt. Saswati Singh had at that stage specifically

enquired from the then Chairperson of the National Trust whether there

would be any adverse implications for the grants made to the Petitioner

if she was a member of the Board. According to the Petitioner, the

Chairperson of the National Trust assured her that the already

sanctioned grants would not be affected.

9. The National Trust approached the then Additional Solicitor General

of India („ASG‟) for his opinion. The specific queries posed to the

learned ASG were as under:

"Issue 1:4 Section 4(5) of the Act appears to disqualify those organizations from receiving aid whose members are on the Board of the Querist. Some Board members of the Queriest belong to registered organizations that receive

grants-in-aid from the Trust. In some instances such members came on the board after a grant to their organization had already been approved by the Board. While one installment of the grant has already been disbursed, the other installment is yet to be given to the registered organisation.

5) In view of these facts, the following have arisen:

(i) Whether in view of Section 4(5) of the Act the registered organizations whose representatives are on the Board of the Trust are eligible to apply for grants-in-aid under Section 11(1)(c) of the Act.

(ii) Would the National Trust be justified in:

a) Disbursing the remaining installments which were part of the amount sanctioned at the time when they were not on the Board of the National Trust?

b) Renewing such grants for subsequent years."

10. By a letter dated 28th August 2003 the learned ASG gave the

following opinion:

"6. A perusal of Section 4(5) clearly shows that a Board member is not entitled to receive any grant in aid. This is a salutary provision as it militates against any possible conflict of interest. The bar under this provision is absolute and not in the nature of a bar which would permit the Board to approve funds after an interested member excuses himself from any proceeding where a discussion about the grant to his organization takes place.

7. However, in case a grant has already been approved, but not fully disbursed, there is no occasion not to give the rest of the amount. In such a case there

can be no possible conflict of interest. A purposive construction of the Act shows that it does not bar the mere disbursement of money already due...the possibility of favouritism in the decision making...Since the member did not participate in the decision making process, there can be no objection to releasing money to the organisation.

8. Section 11(1)(c) deals with the grant in aid. There is no concept of renewal of a grant under the Act. Therefore, each application for grant has to be a fresh application. Consequently, if an organisation is barred from receiving a fresh grant, it is also barred from an alleged renewal of the grant.

9. Therefore, I answer the queries posed above as under:

Query 1: No, registered organizations whose representatives are on the Board of the Trust are not eligible to apply for grants-in-aid under Section 11(1)(c) of the Act.

Query 2(a) : The National Trust may disburse any remaining amount.

Query 2(b) : No "renewal" of a grant can be made in case a member of the organization is also a member of the Board."

11. The above opinion was categorical that mere disbursements of

moneys already granted to an organisation would not be constituted as a

bar to an individual representing such grantee organisation from coming

on to the Board of the National Trust. It is stated that on the basis of the

above opinion of the learned ASG, Smt. Saswati Singh and one Dr.

Dholakia stood for election and joined the Board of the National Trust.

12. A notification dated 9th December 2003 was issued by the MSJE

under Section 3(4) of the National Trust Act whereby the Petitioner and

certain others were appointed as Members of the Board of the National

Trust.

13. On 21st October 2005 the Director General of Audit wrote to the

Chairperson of the National Trust enclosing the statement of fact

regarding irregular release of grants under the ERI scheme and asking

for confirmation and comments. This issue was discussed at the 20th

Meeting of the Board of the National Trust on 7th September 2005. It

was again discussed on the meeting of the Board held on 20th December

2005. The deliberations of the said meeting as recorded in the minutes

reads as under:

"Agenda Item No.7: CAG Audit for the year 2004-05 Irregular release of grants under ERI scheme At the outset JS&CEO pointed out that the letter of the Addl. Solicitor General is very clearly worded on this issue & there is no need for second opinion in the matter. Mrs. Saswati Singh pointed out if she had prior knowledge of this, she would not have joined the Board and it will be very difficult for the parent‟s organisation to refund the money at this juncture. Shri P.K. Ray, JS, Ministry of Labour pointed out that since it will be difficult for organizations to refund the money, a request may be made to the CAG. It was unanimously decided that a request may be made to the CAG for waiving this amount in view of the peculiar circumstances in this case. Thereafter the Board will be approached again depending upon the reply received from them. It was pointed out by

the Chairperson that in future Board member will not be the beneficiaries of any schemes. There was one vote of dissent by Shri Udai Singh, who pointed out that the views of the Addl. Solicitor General are very clear in the matter that every year it should be treated as a new grant."

14. It is stated by the Petitioner that despite the opinion of the learned

ASG the National Trust sent the impugned letter dated 18 th July 2006 to

the Petitioner seeking refund of `27,89,342/-. It is further stated that the

amount disbursed to the Petitioner after Smt. Saswati Singh joined the

Board of the National Trust was ` 8,28,000/- whereas the National

Trust was asking the Petitioner to refund the entire amount of `

27,89,342/-.

15. It may be mentioned here that the Petitioner‟s term on the Board of

National Trust has since come to an end. Further, it is stated that the

Petitioner was adversely affected by the impugned letter dated 18 th July

2006. Subsequently, on 3rd September 2008 a notice was placed on the

website of the National Trust where application for release of grant

were invited from all NGOs except a few which included the Petitioner.

According to the Petitioner, the effecting of the debarment of the

Petitioner from receiving any grant from the MSJE, Government of

India, has been adverse. The Petitioner states that all the special

educators except two were discontinued because salaries could not be

paid. The occupational therapy equipments got worn out and had to be

discarded and could not be replaced because there were no funds. The

number of students dwindled from 100 in 2001 to about 75 as on the

date of filing of the writ petition i.e. 18th November 2009.

16. While directing notice to issue to the Respondents on 26th

November 2009, this Court restrained the Respondents from taking any

coercive steps for recovery of the aforementioned sum of `27,89,342/-

from the Petitioner.

17. The reply filed by Respondent No.1 National Trust, inter alia,

acknowledged that opinion had been given by the learned ASG on 29 th

August 2003 that "there would be no conflict of interest as envisaged in

Section 4(4) & (5) of the NT Act if the sanctions were made prior to the

members coming on the Board and the disbursements were made

thereout during the tenure of the members in an on-going project. He

advised against giving fresh sanctions to the members‟ organizations

during the period they were members on the Board or any renewal of

the grants."

18. Also annexed to the counter affidavit of the National Trust as

Annexure R-7 are its comments on the draft paragraph in the report of

the Director General of Audit titled "release of grant-in-aid in violation

of an act of Parliament" in respect of the National Trust. The relevant

extract of the said comment reads as under:

"Under the provisions of Section 3(4)(b) of the Act ibid, Dr. H.T. Dholakia and Smt. Saswati Singh, who are associated with the NGOs namely Association for the Welfare of the Persons with Mental Handicap in Maharashtra (AWMH), Mumbai, and INSPIRATION,

Delhi, respectively, were appointed as Members of the Board of the National Trust, both w.e.f. 09.12.2003. While Dr. Dholakia ceased to be the Member of the Board of the Trust beyond 03.11.2005. Smt. Singh is still continuing as the Member of the Board.

The total amount of grants released by the Trust to these NGOs during the tenure of their functionaries as Members of its Board is Rs. 13,23,132/- only and not Rs. 40.23 lakh as stated in the draft audit paragraph.

The NGOs, with which these Members are associated with, had been in receipt of grants from the Trust since 2002-03 and 2001-02 respectively and during their tenure as Members of the Board, their NGOs received grants of Rs. 4,94,332/- and Rs. 8,28,800/- respectively.

The fact cannot be ignored that these two Members are not the direct beneficiaries of the grants released by the Trust. The amounts have been released to the NGOs of these Members for utilization for the benefits of the persons affected by Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities. The persons with these disabilities are the real beneficiaries of the grants and neither the Members of the Board of the Trust nor the functionaries of the concerned NGOs. A such the grants released to these NGOs may not be treated as grants released in violation of Section 4(5) of the Act. Meantime the said scheme (ERI) has been discontinued with effect from 1.4.2005.

Further, as earlier stated that under Section 3(4)(b) of the Act persons associated with the NGOs are to be appointed as Members of the Board of the Trust.

Appointment of the eminent persons associated with NGOs should not debar their NGOs to receive grant from the Trust for utilization for the benefits of the target group of persons with disabilities. If such a ban is imposed and release of grants to such NGOs is discontinued during the tenure of the functionaries of the NGOs as Members of the Board of the Trust, the NGOs will not be in a position to render services to the target group thereby the real beneficiaries i.e. the person with disabilities will be deprived of the benefits of the Schemes of the Trust. Hence, release of grants under the Scheme of the National Trust to the NGOs during the tenure of their functionaries as Members of the Board of the Trust may not be treated as violation of Section 4(5) of the National Trust Act."

19. As regards the allegation that the National Trust had released ` 8.49

lakhs to the two NGOs including the Petitioner herein, even after the

registration of the said NGOs with the Trust had expired, the comments

of the MSJE are as under:

"The NGOs are registered with the Trust initially for a period of five years followed by renewal from time to time on receipt of application from the NGOs for such renewal. The initial validity period of registration of the above said NGOs expired on the 11th /12th March, 2005. Their request for renewal of their registration being under process in the Trust, the amount of AWMH, Mumbai, and the Inspiration, Delhi respectively in June, 2005. Since, the process of renewal of registration of these NGOs with the Trust in continuation of the initial registration period was in progress, such release of grants to these NGOs by the Trust for continuous implementation of its Scheme

may be treated as for the benefits of the target group of persons with disabilities and this aspect may not be objectionable."

20. By a subsequent affidavit filed on 25th February 2010, the National Trust has clarified as under:

"b) The said sanctioned amount was released in installments from time to time partly before and partly after the above said members joined the Board of the Trust. All release Orders carried the words „sanction order‟ in a routine fashion were in fact „release orders‟ and were in continuation of earlier „sanction order‟ or as "installments of recurring expenses". As such, it may be taken that the said release order cannot be construed as sanction orders."

21. It appears that on 9th September 2008 the National Trust wrote to

the MSJE confirming that the entire funds released to the Petitioner

"has been utilized for the benefit of persons with disabilities which

included small sum of Rs. 88,200/- (@Rs. 4200/- per month) paid to

Smt. Saswati Singh, Board Member as honorarium for providing her

services as a trained teacher (Therapist)". It was further observed as

under:

"(ii) Had the services of therapist been outsourced, it would have been much more expensive than acquiring the services of above Board Member by paying the nominal honorarium.

(iii) Out of the above honorarium, Rs. 21,000/- was paid during the intervening period (August, 2003- December, 2003) when the office bearers were

elected as Board Member but the Notification in this regard was issued. The total payment of Rs. 6.23 lakhs to both the NGOs including this small portion of honorarium made during this intervening period is, however terms as unethical by the Audit, though strictly it is not in violation of the provisions of the National Trust Act."

22. The recommendation was that a sum of Rs. 67,200/-

i.e. (Rs. 88,200-21,000/-) paid to Smt. Saswati Singh as honorarium,

may at the most be considered as recoverable.

23. The MSJE has filed an affidavit dated 26th March 2010. This

affidavit confirms that that National Trust had advised the MSJE that

there was no possibility of recovering the amount already released to

the Petitioner. However, it was confirmed that "There is no report of

misuse of funds by NGOs on the basis of which recovery of the grants-

in-aid in question could have been made."

24. While stating that action taken note („ATN‟) incorporating the

comments by the MSJE was under finalisation, the stand of the MSJE is

that the present petition is premature.

25. The MSJE‟s comments on the draft audit paragraph are more or less

similar to that of the National Trust. The relevant portions of the said

note are as under:

"The fact cannot be ignored that these two Members are not the direct beneficiaries of the grants released by the Trust. The amounts have been released to the NGOs of

these Members for utilization for the benefits of the persons affected by Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities. The persons with these disabilities are real beneficiaries The fact cannot be ignored that these two Members are not the direct beneficiaries of the grants released by the Trust. The amounts have been released to the NGOs of these Members for utilization for the benefits of the persons affected by Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities. The persons with these disabilities are the real beneficiaries of the grants and neither the Members of the Board of the Trust nor the functionaries of the concerned NGOs. A such the grants released to these NGOs may not be treated as grants released in violation of Section 4(5) of the Act. Meantime the said scheme (ERI) has been discontinued with effect from 1.4.2005.

Further, as earlier stated that under Section 3(4)(b) of the Act persons associated with the NGOs are to be appointed as Members of the Board of the Trust. Appointment of the eminent persons associated with NGOs should not debar their NGOs to receive grant from the Trust for utilization for the benefits of the target group of persons with disabilities. If such a ban is imposed and release of grants to such NGOs is discontinued during the tenure of the functionaries of the NGOs as Members of the Board of the Trust, the NGOs will not be in a position to render services to the target group thereby the real beneficiaries i.e. the person with disabilities will be deprived of the benefits of the Schemes of the Trust. Hence, release of grants under the Scheme of the National Trust to the NGOs during the tenure of their functionaries as Members of the Board of the Trust may not be treated as

violation of Section 4(5) of the National Trust Act."

26. The response as regards the release of ` 8.49 lakhs is identical to the comments offered by the National Trust.

27. Importantly, by a letter dated 28th November 2008 addressed by the

MSJE to the Director General of Audit, it was pointed out that "As

such, there is no evidence of any special effort put in or unusual interest

shown in the process of getting the ERI projects of the said two NGOs

approved or extended." It was also observed as under:

"(vi) There is no report that NGOs had misutilized the funds, on the basis of which, recovery of the grants-in-aid in question could have been made. In this regard, copies of the relevant utilisation certification and audited statement of accounts in respect of the released grants-in- aid in question together with the list of beneficiaries concerned are enclosed for ready reference."

28. This Court first examines the purport of Sections 4(4) and 4(5) of

the Trust Act which read as under:

"4(4) Before appointing any person as the Chairperson or a Member, the Central Government shall satisfy itself and that the person does not and will not, have any such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially his function as such member. 4(5) No member of the Board shall be beneficiary of the Trust during the period such member holds office."

29. The object of the above provisions is to ensure that there is no

conflict of interest in a member of the Board functioning as such and

the relationship such member may have with the National Trust

independent of that. The second object is that no member of the Board

should be able to use that position to gain any favours, after becoming

such member. In the context of the present case, a member of the

organisation of such member should not be given any new grants or

renewal of grants already made. Obviously the bar under Sections 4(4)

and 4(5) would be attracted only upon a person becoming a member. It

cannot apply retrospectively to affect grants already made to an

organisation to its representative becoming a member of the Board.

30. Turning to the facts on hand, the above narration shows that both

the National Trust as well as the MSJE acknowledged that there has

been absolutely no misutilisation of the funds released to the Petitioner.

The second fact that emerges is that although the orders are termed

„sanction orders‟ they were in fact orders for release and disbursement

of the money that had already been granted to the Petitioner earlier to

the induction of Smt. Saswati Singh on the Board of the National Trust.

The opinion of the learned ASG obtained earlier to the induction of

Smt. Singh on the Board of the National Trust, and which was acted

upon by the National Trust made it clear that Section 4(5) of the

National Trust Act would not come in the way of the release of monies

pursuant to a grant already made to an organisation, even after a

representative of that organisation is inducted in the Board of the

National Trust. It was only after being supported by legal opinion that

the induction of Smt. Singh in the Board of the National Trust took

place. She cannot therefore be visited with adverse consequences for no

fault of hers. The narration of facts also shows that there has been no

single instance of Smt. Saswati Singh trying to misuse her position as

Member of the Board of the National Trust to get any new grants

released in favour of the Petitioner. The monies released to the

Petitioner were consequent to the grant already made to the Petitioner,

i.e., prior to Smt. Saswati Singh becoming a member of the Board.

31. In the above circumstances, this Court is of the view that that

National Trust was not justified in seeking to recover from the

Petitioner the entire sum of ` 27,89,342/- being the total money

released to the Petitioner as a result of grant made to it by the National

Trust. Once it was clear that the entire monies were utilised for the

purposes for which they were released there was no justification in

seeking refund. This Court is of the view that there is no violation of

Section 4(5) of the National Trust Act. The release of the monies to the

Petitioner, pursuant to a grant already made in 2001, was not in

violation of any provision of the National Trust Act.

32. Consequently, the demand raised by the letter dated 18th July 2006

by the National Trust is hereby quashed.

33. The debarment of the Petitioner from being eligible for any grant of

the National Trust was a result of the erroneous stand of the

Respondents that the release of the monies to the Petitioner, after Smt.

Saswati Singh was inducted into the Board of the National Trust, was

contrary to the provisions of the National Trust Act. This Court has held

that this stand of the Respondents was not sustainable in law.

Consequently, the decision of Respondent No.1, the National Trust, to

debar the Petitioner from receiving further grants, as evidenced by its

notification dated 3rd September 2008, has also to be held to be

unsustainable in law. The debarment of the Petitioner from receiving

grants shall be lifted forthwith by Respondent No.1 the National Trust.

34. The writ petition is allowed in the above terms with costs of Rs.

10,000/- which will be paid in equal halves by Respondent Nos.1 and 2

respectively to the Petitioner within a period of four weeks from today.

S.MURALIDHAR, J OCTOBER 06, 2010 ak