Calcutta High Court
Jayoti Banerjee vs Mr. Sunil Satpati on 3 February, 2023
IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
Constitutional Writ Jurisdiction
Original Side
Present :- Hon'ble Justice Amrita Sinha
CC No. 26 of 2020
Jayoti Banerjee
Vs.
Mr. Sunil Satpati
For the writ petitioners :- Mr. Sudeep Sanyal, Adv.
Mr. Dibashis Basu, Adv.
Mr. Arun Bandyopadhyay, Adv.
Hearing concluded on :- 13.01.2023
Judgment on :- 03.02.2023
Amrita Sinha, J.:-
The petitioner complains of violation of order passed by this Bench on 13th
September, 2019.
From the documents annexed to the application for contempt it appears
that the judgment passed by this Court was carried in appeal by the respondents
and by a detailed judgment the Hon'ble Division Bench in GA No. 2689 of 2019,
APOT No. 144 of 2019 (United Bank of India & Anr. Vs. Jayoti Banerjee & Anr.),
on 4th February, 2020, was pleased to dismiss the appeal and the connected
application.
The direction passed by this Bench is yet to be implemented. Hence, the
contempt application has been filed.
The issue to be decided, at this stage, is whether the application for
contempt will be maintainable before the learned Single Judge or before the
Hon'ble Division Bench.
Learned advocate representing the petitioner submits that the contempt
application will be maintainable before this Bench. In support of the said
submission, the petitioner relies upon the decision passed by the Full Bench of
this Hon'ble Court in Arun Kumar Gupta & 11 other appeals Vs. Jyoti
Prasanna Das Thakur & Ors.; (1996) 2 CHN 445 paragraph 16.
Reliance has also been placed on the judgment delivered by a learned
Single Judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in K.K.R. Nair Vs. Mohan Das
& Anr.; 1989 SCC Online AP 241 paragraph 9.
Reliance has also been placed on the Contempt of Court Rules framed by
this Court. It has been submitted that as the initial order was passed by this
Bench,accordingly, this Bench will certainly have jurisdiction to entertain the
contempt application.
The issue whether the learned Single Judge will have the jurisdiction to
take up the contempt application if the order passed by the learned Single Judge
is carried in appeal and affirmed by the Hon'ble Division Bench has been decided
by this Court in the matter of M/s. Tetulia Coke Private Limited Vs. P.S.
Bhattacharjee; (2012) 4 WBLR (Cal) 494.
The Hon'ble Supreme Court in Kunhayammed vs. State of Kerala
reported in (2000) 6 SCC 359 held that when a decree or order passed by an
inferior court is subjected to a remedy available under the law before a superior
forum, then though the decree or order under challenge continues to be effective
and binding, nevertheless, its finding is put in jeopardy. Once the superior court
has disposed of the lis before it either way, whether the decree or order under
appeal is set aside or modified or simply confirmed, it is the decree or order of the
superior court which is final, binding and operative.
In the present case, the order passed by the learned Single Judge was
carried in appeal and the Hon'ble Division Bench scrutinized and examined the
judgment passed by the learned Single Judge and after hearing both the parties
delivered the judgment. The appeal being a continuation of the proceeding, the lis
ultimately came to an end by the judgment passed by the Hon'ble Division Bench
and in view of the judgment passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in
Kunhayammed (supra) the order passed by the Hon'ble Division Bench is final,
binding and operative in between the parties. The order passed by the learned
Single Judge stood merged with the order passed by the Hon'ble Division Bench.
In Gojer Bros. Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Ratan Lal Singh reported in (1974) 2 SCC
453 a three Judge Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court held that the judgment
of an inferior court if subjected to an examination by the superior court, ceases to
have existence in the eye of law and is treated to have been superseded by the
judgment of the superior court. The judgment of the inferior court loses its
identity by its merger with the judgment of the superior court.
The petitioner relies upon K.K.R. Nair (supra) wherein the learned Single
Judge, after discussion of quite a number of judgments of the Hon'ble Supreme
Court, took the view that the doctrine of merger is not a rigid one and the rules of
procedure are only step in aid or hand-maid for rendering substantial justice and
the procedure would be not an end in itself but be tailored to meet the
requirement of the law. The Court was of the opinion that despite the operation of
the doctrine of merger, proceedings for contempt could be initiated before either
the Single Judge or the Division Bench whose orders are disobeyed or wilful
breach is committed.
This Court most respectfully disagrees with the views taken in K.K.R. Nair
(supra) and relies upon the several judgments cited and discussed in K.K.R. Nair
(supra) and opines that for maintaining judicial discipline, the order passed by
the Hon'ble Division Bench on the self same issue in between the parties has to
be treated as final, binding and operative in between the parties and a party is
required to approach the superior forum in the event of contempt or wilful breach
of the same.
A similar view was expressed by this Court in the matter of M/s. Tetulia
Coke Plant (P) Ltd. & Ors. (supra).
The reason for filing a contempt application is not only to punish the party
guilty of not complying the Court's order, but at the same time to ensure
compliance of the order passed by the Court. There may be a situation where two
different parties to a proceeding may complain of contempt or wilful violation of
the order passed by a learned Single Judge affirmed by the Hon'ble Division
Bench. It may happen that, one of the parties approach the learned Single Judge
for execution of the order and the other approaches the Hon'ble Division Bench.
If the principle of merger is not applied then two different proceeding may
be initiated for execution of the order. There will be multiplicity of proceedings for
execution of the same order. There may be conflict of opinions which may lead to
judicial anarchy and chaos. To avoid such a scenario and maintain judicial
discipline, it has to be taken that it is the order of the superior forum which will
be executable and accordingly the contempt proceeding will lie before the superior
forum and not before the Trial Court which passed the initial order.
In Arun Kumar Gupta (supra) the Full Bench of this Court was deciding the
issue regarding the necessity of personal service of a mandatory order as distinct
from prohibitory order. In the present case, the issue is whether the contempt
application will be maintainable before the Court which passed the initial order or
before the appellate Court which ultimately affirmed the order passed by the
initial Court. The issue to be decided in the present writ petition is completely
different to the facts and issues in Arun Kumar Gupta (supra). Accordingly, the
decision arrived at by the Full Bench cannot be made applicable in the facts and
circumstances of the present case.
In view of the discussions made herein above, this Court is of the opinion
that, in the present case, the contempt proceeding will be maintainable before the
Hon'ble Division Bench and not before the learned Single Judge whose judgment
stood merged with the judgment passed by the Hon'ble Division Bench.
Contempt application stands dismissed.
It will, however, be open for the petitioner to approach the Hon'ble Division
Bench for relief, if so advised.
Urgent certified photocopy of this order, if applied for, be supplied to the
parties or their advocates on record expeditiously on compliance of usual legal
formalities.
(Amrita Sinha, J.)
