Dudhwala Real Estate And Investment vs Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax ...
2024 Latest Caselaw 25233 Bom

Bombay High Court

Dudhwala Real Estate And Investment vs Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax ... on 3 September, 2024

Author: G. S. Kulkarni

Bench: G. S. Kulkarni

      2024:BHC-OS:13691-DB

                                                                                                              909-OSWP-3344-2024.DOC




                                             IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                                                ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION

                                                         WRIT PETITION NO. 3344 OF 2024

                                    Dudhwala Real Estate & Investment                                ... Petitioner
                                                           Versus
                                    Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle
                                    20(1), Mumbai & Ors                                              ...Respondents

                                    Mr. Dharan V. Gandhi, Advocate for Petitioner.
                                    Ms. Mamta Omle, Advocate for Respondents.
                                                _______________________
                                                           CORAM:              G. S. KULKARNI &
                                                                               SOMASEKHAR SUNDARESAN, JJ.

                                                           Date       :        SEPTEMBER 03, 2024
                                                          _______________________
                                    PC:

1. Rule. Rule made returnable forthwith. Learned Counsel for

the Respondents waives service. By consent of the parties, heard

finally.

2. Reply affidavit on behalf of the Revenue is taken on record.

3. This Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of

India has been filed to challenge a notice dated 18 April, 2024

("impugned notice") issued to the Petitioner under Section 148 of the

Income Tax Act, 1961 ("the Act"), and also the underlying prior Digitally signed by ASHWINI ASHWINI JANARDAN JANARDAN VALLAKATI VALLAKATI Date:

2024.09.05 notice and order under Section 148A(b) and Section 148A(d) of the 16:55:40 +0530

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Act, respectively. The reassessment under Section 148 of the Act has

been initiated in respect of returns filed by the Petitioner-Assessee

for the Assessment Year 2017-18.

4. On perusal of the record, it is apparent that the impugned

notices dated 30 March, 2024, 12 April, 2024 issued under Section

148A(b), the order passed thereon under Section 148A(d) dated 18

April, 2024 and the consequent notice dated 18 April, 2024 issued

under Section 148 of the Act are all issued by the Jurisdictional

Assessing Officer ("JAO") and not by a Faceless Assessing Officer

("FAO"), as is required by the provisions of Section 151A of the Act.

5. To give effect to the provisions of Section 151A, the Central

Government has issued a Notification dated 29 March 2022 whereby

a faceless mechanism has been introduced. Thus, necessarily in

resorting to a procedure under Section 148A and the consequent

notice to be issued under Section 148 of the Act, the Assessing Officer

is required to adhere to the provisions of Section 151A read with the

Notification. Thus, for a notice to be validly issued for reassessment

under Section 148 of the Act, the Respondent-Revenue would need

to be compliant with Section 151A, which has been interpreted and

analysed in detail by a Division Bench of this Court in the case of

September 03, 2024 Ashwini Vallakati

909-OSWP-3344-2024.DOC

Hexaware Technologies Limited Vs. Assistant Commissioner of

Income Tax & 4 Ors.1 ("Hexaware"). The Division Bench has clearly

declared the law as follows :

"35. Further, in our view, there is no question of concurrent jurisdiction of the JAO and the FAO for issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act or even for passing assessment or reassessment order. When specific jurisdiction has been assigned to either the JAO or the FAO in the Scheme dated 29th March, 2022, then it is to the exclusion of the other. To take any other view in the matter, would not only result in chaos but also render the whole faceless proceedings redundant. If the argument of Revenue is to be accepted, then even when notices are issued by the FAO, it would be open to an assessee to make submission before the JAO and vice versa, which is clearly not contemplated in the Act. Therefore, there is no question of concurrent jurisdiction of both FAO or the JAO with respect to the issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act. The Scheme dated 29th March 2022 in paragraph 3 clearly provides that the issuance of notice "shall be through automated allocation " which means that the same is mandatory and is required to be followed by the Department and does not give any discretion to the Department to choose whether to follow it or not. That automated allocation is defined in paragraph 2(b) of the Scheme to mean an algorithm for randomised allocation of cases by using suitable technological tools including artificial intelligence and machine learning with a view to optimise the use of resources. Therefore, it means that the case can be allocated randomly to any officer who would then have jurisdiction to issue the notice under Section 148 of the Act. It is not the case of respondent no.1 that respondent no.1 was the random officer who had been allocated jurisdiction.

36. With respect to the arguments of the Revenue, i.e., the notification dated 29th March 2022 provides that the Scheme so framed is applicable only 'to the extent' provided in Section 144B of the Act and Section 144B of the Act does not refer to issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act and hence, the notice cannot be issued by the FAO as per the said Scheme, we express our view as follows:-

(2024) 464 ITR 430

September 03, 2024 Ashwini Vallakati

909-OSWP-3344-2024.DOC

Section 151A of the Act itself contemplates formulation of Scheme for both assessment, reassessment or recomputation under Section 147 as well as for issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act. Therefore, the Scheme framed by the CBDT, which covers both the aforesaid aspect of the provisions of Section 151A of the Act cannot be said to be applicable only for one aspect, i.e., proceedings post the issue of notice under Section 148 of the Act being assessment, reassessment or recomputation under Section 147 of the Act and inapplicable to the issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act. The Scheme is clearly applicable for issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act and accordingly, it is only the FAO which can issue the notice under Section 148 of the Act and not the JAO. The argument advanced by respondent would render clause 3(b) of the Scheme otiose and to be ignored or contravened, as according to respondent, even though the Scheme specifically provides for issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act in a faceless manner, no notice is required to be issued under Section 148 of the Act in a faceless manner. In such a situation, not only clause 3(b) but also the first two lines below clause 3(b) would be otiose, as it deals with the aspect of issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act. Respondents, being an authority subordinate to the CBDT, cannot argue that the Scheme framed by the CBDT, and which has been laid before both House of Parliament is partly otiose and inapplicable. ........"

37 When an authority acts contrary to law, the said act of the Authority is required to be quashed and set aside as invalid and bad in law and the person seeking to quash such an action is not required to establish prejudice from the said Act. An act which is done by an authority contrary to the provisions of the statue, itself causes prejudice to assessee. All assessees are entitled to be assessed as per law and by following the procedure prescribed by law. Therefore, when the Income Tax Authority proposes to take action against an assessee without following the due process of law, the said action itself results in a prejudice to assessee. Therefore, there is no question of petitioner having to prove further prejudice before arguing the invalidity of the notice.

[Emphasis Supplied]

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6. In the present case, it is apparent that the Respondent-

Revenue has not complied with the Scheme notified by the Central

Government pursuant to Section 151A(2) of the Act. The Scheme has

also been tabled in Parliament and is in the character of subordinate

legislation, which governs the conduct of proceedings under Section

148A as well as Section 148 of the Act. In view of the explicit

declaration of the law in Hexaware, the grievance of the Petitioner-

Assessee insofar as it relates to an invalid issuance of a notice is

sustainable and consequently, the very manner in which the

proceedings have been initiated, vitiates the proceedings.

7. Learned Counsel for both the parties agree that the

proceedings initiated under Section 148 of the Act would not be

sustainable in view of the judgment rendered in Hexaware. Learned

Counsel for the Petitioner-Assessee has also drawn our attention to a

recent decision of this Court in Nainraj Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Vs. The

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-4(3)(1), Mumbai & Ors. 2,

whereby in similar circumstances, this Court has allowed the petition

considering the provisions of Section 151A of the Act.

8. Learned counsel for the petitioner has also drawn our

Writ Petition (L.) No. 16918 of 2024 dt. 2-07-2024

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attention to the decision of this Court in Kairos Properties Pvt. Ltd. vs.

Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax and Ors .3 where the Court

considered the effect of scheme as notified by the Central Government

under the notification dated 29 March, 2022. The Court, considering

the relevant provisions, has held that this scheme as notified in

paragraph 3 of the notification would take within its ambit steps taken

by the Revenue in issuing notice under section 148A(b) as also an

order passed under Section 148A(d), so as to be included within the

ambit of Section 151A of the Act. In this view of the matter, on both

applicability of the law as laid down by this Court in Hexaware (supra)

as also considering the observations of this Court in Kairos Properties

Pvt. Ltd. (supra), the petition would be required to be allowed.

9. In the light of the above discussion, and as there is no dispute

that the JAO had no jurisdiction to issue the impugned notice, the Writ

Petition is accordingly allowed in terms of prayer clause (a) which

reads thus :

"that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to issue a Writ of Certiorari or a Writ in the nature of Certiorari or any other appropriate Writ, Order or direction, calling for the records of the Petitioner's case and after going into the legality and propriety thereof, to quash and set aside the show cause notice issued U/S 148A(b) of the Act dated 30.03.2024 ("Exhibit D"), show cause notice issued u/s 148A(b) of the Act dated 12.04.2024 ("Exhibit F"),the impugned order dated 18.04.2024 passed under section 148A(d) of the Act ("Exhibit H") and

Writ Petition (L) No. 22686 of 2024 dated 05.08.2024

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the subsequent notice dated 18.04.2024 ("Exhibit I") issued under section 148 of the Act".

10. We make it clear that having disposed of this petition on the

ground of non-compliance with Section 151A of the Act, we have not

expressed any opinion on the other issues raised in the Writ Petition.

The other questions raised in this petition are not being answered

since it is not necessary to do so.

11. Rule is made absolute in the aforesaid terms. No costs.

(SOMASEKHAR SUNDARESAN, J.) (G. S. KULKARNI , J.)

September 03, 2024 Ashwini Vallakati