Bombay High Court
Sanwarlal Agarwal And 4 Ors vs Ashok Kumar Kothari And 5 Ors on 4 January, 2021
Bench: A. K. Menon
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
INTERIM APPLICATION NO.166 OF 2019
ALONG WITH
INTERIM APPLICATION (LODGING) NO.6707 OF 2020
IN
EXECUTION APPLICATION (LODGING) NO.1713 OF 2019
IN
(ORDER AND DECREE DATED AUGUST 5, 2019)
IN
NOTICE OF MOTION NO.1916 OF 2019
IN
SUIT NO.844 OF 2019
Ashok Kumar Kothari and Ors. .... Applicants-Judg. Creditors
Versus
Sanwarlal Agrawal and Ors. .... Respondents-Judg. Debtors
ALONG WITH
INTERIM APPLICATION NO.692 OF 2020
IN
EXECUTION APPLICATION (LODGING) NO.139 OF 2020
IN
(ORDER AND DECREE DATED 5TH AUGUST, 2019)
IN
NOTICE OF MOTION NO.1916 OF 2019
IN
SUIT NO.844 OF 2019
1/33
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Sanwarlal Agrawal and Ors. .... Applicants-Judg. Creditors
Versus
Ashok Kumar Kothari and Ors. .... Respondents-Judg. Debtors
Mr. Dinyar Madon, Sr. Advocate, with Mr. Vishal Kanade and Mr. Mayur
Khandeparkar, i/by Mr. Jamshed Ansari, for the Applicants-Judgment
Creditors.
Dr. Birendra Saraf, Sr. Advocate, with Mr. Amogh Singh and Mr. Nikhil More,
i/by Mr. Bhavin R. Bhatia, for the Respondents-Judgment Debtors.
CORAM : A. K. MENON, J.
DATE : 4TH JANUARY, 2021.
P.C. :
1. This order disposes the interim applications filed in two execution
applications; one filed by the original plaintiffs and the other by the original
defendants. For ease of reference, the plaintiffs, who are Judgment Creditors,
in Execution Application (Lodging) No.1713 of 2019 are referred to as "the
Kotharis". Kotharis are Judgment Debtors in Execution Application (Lodging)
No.139 of 2020. The original defendants in the suit having filed Execution
Application (Lodging) No.139 of 2020 are referred to as "the Agrawals".
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2. The disputes between the parties pertain to original plaintiff no.6 - a
company known as Speciality Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital Private Limited ("the
company"). The company is Judgment Creditor No.6 in Execution Application
(Lodging) No.1713 of 2019 and Judgment Debtor No.6 in Execution
Application (Lodging) No.139 of 2020.
3. The Kotharis and the Agrawals are equal shareholders in the company.
The joint venture proposed to set up a multi-speciality hospital in Mumbai.
According to the Kotharis, an agreement had been arrived at with the
Agrawals, whereby the Agrawals were required to sell 50% of their
shareholding in the company on 27 th March 2019 and as recorded in an e-
mail dated 28th March 2019 addressed by Dr. Vikas Agrawal-the defendant
no.2. Dr. Vikas Agrawal was also present in court when the decree came to be
passed on his instructions. The copy of the e-mail is annexed at Exhibit-C to
the plaint and it is agreed between counsel on both sides that the submissions
are being made on the basis of the record and proceedings in
EXAL/1713/2019.
4. EXAL/139/2020 seeks execution of the decree construed in favour of
the Agrawals. There is no dispute as to the contents of the e-mail at Exhibit-C.
The cause of action to file a suit is said to have arisen in April, 2019 when the
Agrawals sought to contest the Kotharis version of the agreement between the
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parties; more particularly, the meaning and intent of the e-mail dated 28 th
March 2019 ("the Suit Email"). The suit then came to be filed promptly by the
Kotharis. Various defences have been taken up by the Agrawals in promoting
their version of the effect and meaning of the decree. One of them allude to
the lack of authority in the Kotharis to present the plaint on behalf of the
company. Objection to maintainability will not survive in view of the
Agrawals having submitted to the decree. Thus, it is a matter of construing the
decree.
5. On behalf of the Kotharis, Mr. Madon, learned Senior Advocate
submitted that reference may be made to the pleadings to understand the
contract between the parties of which specific performance was being sought.
He submitted that the Kotharis were required to pay consideration for
transferring full control of the company, which included control of the plot
on which the hospital was to be constructed, for a sum of Rs.36.75 crores.
According to Mr. Madon, this would include price of the shares and loans of
the Agrawals to the company. He submitted that the Agrawals had not made
any separate provision in the agreement for repayment of the loan to the
company or for seeking any payment of interest on the loan. He submitted
that Rs.36.75 crores is a full and final consideration payable for transfer of all
shares and writing off debt. In the alternative, Kotharis were willing to
execute a contract on payment of Rs.43,46,52,700/- after forfeiture
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Rs.1,83,75,000/-, being 5% of the agreed consideration, which Mr. Madon
submitted as a provision in default. It is submitted that in the Suit e-mail,
reference was clearly made to the agreement to purchase the Agrawals'
"stake" @ Rs.36.75 crores; however the Agrawals have since contended that
the agreed consideration was only for 50% shareholding, excluding the loans
and advances by the Agrawals to the company. It is contended that although
the Suit e-mail did not mention that the agreed consideration excluded the
loan, the Kotharis had reiterated that the loan was included only to be
contested by the Agrawals. The meaning and intent of the suit e-mail was
sought to be controverted by the Agrawals vide email dated 11 th April 2019
sent at 11:55 a.m., annexed at Exhibit-G to the plaint, and subsequent email
wherein Agrawals sought to contend that the agreed consideration did not
include value of the loans. The Agrawals purported to terminate the
agreement recorded in the Suit email. According to Mr. Madon, the Agrawals
had waived their contention that the loans and advances are not part of the
agreed consideration. That pursuant to the decree, the Kotharis had paid
Rs.1,83,75,000/- being 5% of the agreed consideration. This payment was
received by the Agrawals when the cheque was encashed. Mr. Madon
submitted that when there is a difference of opinion after the decree on the
aspect of the loan being part of the agreed consideration, the court had
directed Agrawals to file an affidavit in which the deponent has stated that
after making payment of 5% of the agreed consideration, the Judgment
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Creditors viz. Kotharis were required to pay an additional amount, failing
which the payment of 5% would be forfeited, but the deponent admitted that
the Agrawals had no intention of doing so; the clear intention being to
include the loan as part of the agreed consideration. Mr. Madon also
submitted that the Agrawals cannot now raise the issue post decree on the
ground of res judicata and seek further determination on that issue. He
submitted that Agrawals' contention that the agreed consideration excludes
the amount of Rs.10,32,55,000/- is contrary to prayer (B)-(iii) read with
prayer clause (C), since the transfer of shares was to be effected free of all
claims of the Agrawals. According to Mr. Madon, effect of prayer clause (B) or
a decree in terms of prayer clause (B)-(iii) and (C) would entail the Agrawals
certifying that there were no dues. Transfer of shares free of all claims of the
defendants contemplated in the decree would certainly mean that loans and
advances of the Agrawals were included as part of the agreed consideration.
Since the court cannot now go behind the decree, the construing of the decree
would only have to be based on the record and the pleadings. Mr. Madon
then submitted that this court must as executing court order performance as
pleaded.
6. Mr. Madon also submitted that reference being made by the Agrawals
to a Board Resolution dated 21 st June 2017 ought not to be entertained since it
is a forged and fabricated document. In my view, there is no occasion to refer
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to such a document at this stage. Making reference to the EXAL/139/2020,
Mr. Madon submitted that what the Agrawals seek execution of is contrary to
the decree itself. That reference made in EXAL/139/2020 to the part of the
email dated 28th March 2019 along with the prayer made in the plaint also
refers to acquisition by the Kotharis of 50% shares for a consolidated price of
Rs.36.75 crores, which would also provide full control of the company and
the plot acquired by the company for the hospital. Mr. Madon further
submitted that Agrawals had bid for Rs.35 crores and that was improved
upon by Kotharis by offering 5% more at Rs.36.75 crores and this offer is
accepted. He submitted that EXAL/139/2020 is filed to defeat the contract
between the parties. He submitted that the suit email did not make reference
to the fact that the contract must be read as a whole. According to him,
Kotharis failure to make payment of the amounts due on the 45 th day or the
120th day would result in forfeiture of the token amount of 5% and automatic
sale of Kotharis' shares to the Agrawals at the price of Rs.35 crores. Whereas,
EXAL/139/2020 seeks to recover Rs.34,91,25,000/- for Kotharis' shares
without reference to the consequence of forfeiture of Rs.1,83,75,000/-.
Mr.Madon therefore submitted that the Agrawals' version was incorrect.
7. A compilation of the following Judgments was filed by the plaintiffs:-
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(i). Bank of India and Anr. Vs. K. Mohandas and Ors.,
along with connected matters1
(ii) Jai Narain Ram Lundia Vs. Kedar Nath Khetan and
Ors.2
(iii) V.B. Rangaraj Vs. V.B. Gopalakrishnan and Ors. 3
(iv) Hungerford Investment Trust Ltd. (in voluntary
liquidation) Vs. Haridas Mundhra and Ors. 4
(v) Kedarnath Khetan Vs. Jainarain Ram Lundia and Ors. 5
(vi) Kartik Chandra Pal Vs. Dibahar Bhattacharjee 6
8. Reliance was placed by Mr. Madon on the judgment of the Calcutta
High Court in Kartik Chandra Pal Vs. Dibahar Bhattacharjee 7, wherein in an
appeal filed by the Judgment Debtor against an order passed by the Additional
Subordinate Judge, Burdwan, dismissing an objection u/s. 47 of the CPC in the
suit which decreed specific performance, the court observed that, the most
important part of the decree was the portion where the court directs the
contract to be specifically performed and the details which follow do not limit
the jurisdiction of the executing court to the steps mentioned in the decree
1 (2009) 5 SCC 313
2 AIR 1956 SC 359
3 (1992) 1 SCC 160
4 (1972) 3 SCC 684
5 AIR 1954 Pat 497
6 AIR 1952 Cal 362
7 AIR 1952 Cal 362
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but would permit all other steps which ought to be taken for giving full effect
to the decree. He also relied upon the observations in paragraph 15 that a
decree in a suit for specific performance has to be considered as a
preliminary decree, which cannot set out in the fullest detail all the steps to be
taken to implement the decree.
9. In Bank of India and Anr. Vs. K. Mohandas and Ors., along with
connected matters8, reliance was placed on the principle that the court must
construe the words used in a contract and not what the parties may contend
afterwards. Mr. Madon therefore submitted that relief as prayed for be
granted.
10. The Agrawals have filed IA/692/2020 in EXAL/139/2020, wherein it is
contended that the Kotharis have been repeatedly offering to pay the balance
of the agreed consideration but have failed to do so. That the Agrawals were
ready and willing to comply with their part of the obligation under the decree
and that in view thereof, the Kotharis must be directed to deposit
Rs.34,91,25,000/- being the balance consideration and interest thereon,
against which the Agrawals would deposit necessary share transfer forms
along with the other documents. In the meantime, they seek orders that; (i)
the Kotharis must be prohibited from making any change in the management
8 (2009) 5 SCC 313
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of the company; (ii) all withdrawals from bank account be stopped and (iii)
the Kotharis be directed not to deal with or transfer or otherwise enter into
any contract relating to personal assets or assets of the original plaintiff-
company till payment of all sums under the decree. IA/692/2020 in
EXAL/139/2020 are being contested by the Kotharis on the basis of their
interpretation of the decree.
11. The opposition to EXAL/1713/ 2019 and the IAs therein were led by
Dr. Saraf. According to Dr. Saraf, the contention of the Kotharis is not correct.
Execution proceedings cannot go beyond the decree and that is what
EXAL/1713/2019 seeks. The decree for specific performance in the case at
hand is in favour of both plaintiffs and defendants and the decree can be
executed by either party. He submitted that the Kotharis are delaying
execution and therefore they may be ordered to pay the amounts with
interest. It is contended that as of 9 th December 2020, the total amount
payable is Rs.41,52,47,351/-.
12. According to the defendants, all original documents are with the
Kotharis, who have destroyed original minutes of the board meetings and
forged and fabricated minutes over last 10 years. Inspection has been sought,
but has not been given. This aspect has since been taken care of by my order
dated 16th December 2020 passed in IAL/7980/2020, in which liberty has
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been granted to respondents 7 to 11 to apply and take inspection before the
Company Registrar. According to Dr. Saraf and a fair reading of the decree
and the email, the amount of debt owned by the company and Agrawals is
separate and excluded from the agreed consideration. My attention is invited
to the prayers in the Notice of Motion, pursuant to which the decree has been
passed. Dr. Saraf submitted that the intention of the Kotharis in seeking the
decree is evident from the prayers in the notice of motion. Prayer (A)-(iii)
specifies that the agreed consideration of Rs.36.75 crores "includes
repayment/refund of the unsecured loans of the defendants on the books of
accounts of the plaintiff no.6 and the sale by transfer of the entire 50%
shareholding of the defendants in the plaintiff no.6 in favour of the plaintiff
nos.1 to 5". He further submitted that prayer (B) of the motion also sought the
decree on admission that the payment of the agreed consideration was in full
and final payment of all debts and liabilities owed to the defendants by the
plaintiff no.6, namely, the company. These prayers have not been pressed or
granted. On the other hand, the decree is in terms of the prayers in the suit
and hence the agreed consideration excludes the debt.
13. According to Dr. Saraf, the Kotharis are seeking to alter the scope of the
decree by incorporating reliefs not contemplated in the decree itself. That the
decree is silent about any adjustments of the loans and in any event the
Kotharis are in default in not having permitted the amounts due under the
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decree. That the loan amount was not in contemplation when the decree was
passed on 5th August 2019 and that Kotharis are seeking to go beyond the
decree which is not permissible. According to the Agrawals, Kotharis being in
default, it is now necessary to direct the Kotharis to transfer their shares to the
Agrawals on payment of Rs.41,52,47,351/-. In support of his contentions, Dr.
Saraf has placed reliance on the compilation of judgments as follows :-
(i) Syndicate Bank Vs. W.B. Cements Ltd.9
(ii) Central Bank of India Vs. Ravindra & Ors.10
(iii) Syndicate Bank Vs. R. Veeranna and Ors.11
(iv) Canara Bank Vs. Marshall Cycle & Ors.12
(v) TVC Skyshop Ltd. Vs. Reliance Communication and
Infrastructure Ltd.13
(vi) Punjab Financial Corporation Vs. Surya Auto Industries14
(vii) State Bank of India Vs. Yasangi Venkateshwara Rao15
(viii) Indian Bank Vs. Blue Jaggers Estate Ltd. & Ors.16
(ix) Rameshwar Dass Gupta Vs. State of U.P. and Anr.17
(x) S. Bhaskaran Vs. Sebastian (Dead) By Legal Representatives
and Ors.18
9 1988 SCC OnLine Del. 254
10 AIR 2001 SC 3095
11 (2003) 2 SCC 15
12 1998 SCC OnLine Del. 89
13 (2013) 11 SCC 754
14 (2010) 1 SCC 297
15 (1999) 2 SCC 375
16 (2010) 8 SCC 129
17 (1996) 5 SCC 728
18 (2019) 9 SCC 161
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(xi) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. Vs. Modern
Construction and Company19
(xii) Bajirao Domaji Shreerang and Ors. Vs. Kashirao Ajabrao
Deshmukh20
(xiii) Dr. Renuka Datla (Mrs.) and Ors. Vs. Commissioner of
Income Tax, Karnataka and Anr.21
(ix) Potti Venkata Kasi Viswanadham Vs. Vallabha Vyas22
14. Rameshwar Dass Gupta (supra) reiterates that the power of the
executing court cannot go beyond the decree. Likewise, as reiterated in S.
Bhaskaran (supra), Dr. Saraf likened the attempt of the Kotharis to claim in
excess of what has been granted under the decree and submitted quite to the
contrary that the Agrawals are entitled to execute the decree and that being
defendant in the suit, did not prevent the Agrawals from proceeding with
execution in EXAL/139/2020 in keeping with the decisions of this court,
referring to Bajirao Domaji's case (supra) , in which the court observed that
the person in whose favour the decree has been passed is not restricted to the
plaintiff but in a case of specific performance could include the defendant as
well. In support of his contention that he is entitled to interest on the sum
payable by Kotharis, if at all reliance is placed on the judgment of the Central
19 (2014) 1 SCC 648
20 AIR 1978 Bom. 350
21 (2003) 2 SCC 19
22 1982 (2) (HC) AP Law Journal 56
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Bank of India (supra), that award or interest post-decree is discretionary
within the power of this court.
15. Relying on other judgments in the compilation pertaining to power of
the court to grant interest, Dr. Saraf submitted that this is a fit case where
interest must be ordered to be paid as sought in EXAL/139/2020.
16. For the sake of convenience, brief reference is required to be made to
the applications filed.
17. EXAL/1713/2019 is filed on 17th September 2019 by the Kotharis to
enforce a decree dated 5th August 2019 passed by this court. The Agrawals
filed an affidavit-in-reply dated 22nd September 2020, to which a rejoinder
was filed by Kotharis dated 6 th October 2020. On 10 th October 2019, Kotharis
filed IA/166/2019. Agrawals have filed a reply on 25 th November, 2019.
Kotharis have filed a rejoinder thereto dated 30 th November 2019. Agrawals
filed sur-rejoinder dated 3rd December, 2019.
18. The second interim application being IA/950/2019 filed by the
Kotharis on 18th November 2019 for appointment of the Company Registrar
to hold the Annual General Meetings of the company has been disposed. The
third interim application being IA/426/2020 filed by the Kotharis on 16 th
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January 2020 seeking amendment to the prayers in the EXAL/1713/2019 has
also been disposed. The fourth interim application filed by the Kotharis being
IAL/6707/2020 on 24th November 2020 is now pending. The reliefs sought
are identical to IA/950/2019, which was disposed. An additional affidavit has
been filed in support of the IA by the Kotharis. A reply has been filed by the
Agrawals and the rejoinder thereto has been filed by the Kotharis.
19. EXAL/139/2020 was filed by Agrawals on 20th January 2020 also
seeking enforcement of decree passed on 5 th August 2019. An affidavit-in-
reply has been filed dated 20 th October 2020 by the Kotharis and a rejoinder
has been filed by the Agrawals on 12 th November 2020. The Agrawals have
also filed IA/692/2020 in EXAL/139/2020, to which a reply has been filed by
the Kotharis. This IA has been filed seeking an order directing the Kotharis to
deposit Rs.34,91,25,000/- in court.
20. By the present order, I dispose IA/166/2019, IA/692/2020 and
IAL/6707/2020. The aforesaid IAs are instituted at the stage of execution of a
decree dated 5th August 2019. The drawn-up decree has been dispensed with
and on a reading of this order, it is evident that the defendants have submitted
to a decree in terms of prayer clauses (A) to (D) of the plaint. Those prayers
have been reproduced in the order.
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21. I may observe here that the decree was passed when the notice of
motion was pending. No reply had been filed to the Notice of Motion. The
defendants also had not filed a written statement in the suit. It is by now fairly
well settled that an executing court cannot go behind a decree but is required
to construe the decree and as observed in Bhavan Vaja and Ors. Vs. Solanki
Hanuji Khodaji Mansang & Ors.23. In an appropriate case, the court can
construe the pleadings and proceedings leading upto the decree and the
circumstances under which the decree came to be passed. The court also
observed that the executing court and the appellate court had not construed
the decree at all but had gone by the words in the decree and that was found
to be an omission to exercise the jurisdiction vested in the executing court.
22. In the case at hand, one has to consider whether the decree is
ambiguous and if so, it is the duty of this court as executing court to construe
the decree and in doing so, the court is entitled to look into the pleadings. (See
Topanmal Vs. Kundomal Gangaram 24). The court is therefore entitled to look
into the pleadings. By pleadings, I mean the pleadings prior to passing of the
decree. The pleadings in these IAs in pending execution applications, in my
view, being post the decree would not qualify for consideration in construing
the decree. Let us therefore examine the pleadings that will aid the court in
construing the decree dated 5 th August 2019. As observed earlier, after the
23 AIR 1972 SC 137
24 AIR 1960 SC 388
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suit was filed, the defendants did not file a written statement. The plaintiffs
therefore moved Notice of Motion No.1916 of 2019. The prayers in the notice
of motion seeking a decree on admission under Order XII Rule 6 of the CPC in
terms set out in prayer clauses (A), (B) and (C) and in the alternative, in terms
of prayer clause (D). It will be useful to refer to those prayers;
"A. That this Hon'ble Court be pleased to pass a decree on
admission under Order XII Rule 6 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 that :
i- the defendants have admitted that there is a valid and
subsisting agreement dated March 27, 2019 between
the parties to this suit;
ii - the defendants have admitted the contents of their
email dated March 28, 2019 which contains the
terms and condition of the agreement between the
parties to this suit;
iii - the entire consideration payable to the defendants by
the plaintiffs is the sum of Rs.36.75 crores which
includes repayment / refund of the unsecured loans
of the defendants on the Books of Accounts of the
plaintiff no.6 and the sale by transfer of the entire
50% shareholding of the defendants in the plaintiff
no.6 in favour of the plaintiff nos.1 to 5.
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B. That this Hon'ble Court be pleased to pass a decree on
admission of the defendants that the agreement arrived at
on March 27, 2019 is to be performed by payment by the
plaintiff nos.1 to 5 to the defendants of the sum of
Rs.36,75,00,000/- (Rupees Thirty-six Crores Seventy-five
lakhs only) within 120 days of the order which may be
passed by this Hon'ble Court :
(i) in consideration of the transfer of the entire
shareholding and proportionate share of the assets of
the defendants in the plaintiff no.6 and;
(ii) in consideration of the satisfaction and full and final
payment of all debts and liabilities owed to the
defendants by the plaintiff no.6 and;
(iii) in consideration of the defendants declaring that they
have no subsisting right, title or interest whatsoever,
either directly or indirectly, in any of the assets,
rights and liabilities of the plaintiff no.6.
(C). That this Hon'ble Court be pleased to pass an order and
decree of specific performance of this Hon'ble Court
ordering and decreeing the defendants to specifically
perform the said agreement arrived at on March 27, 2019
for sale of the 50% shareholding of the defendants in the
plaintiff no.6 as reduced to writing and as recorded by the
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email dated March 28, 2019 of the defendant no.2 inter alia
by :
i- executing, signing and attesting all necessary deeds
and documents necessary to transfer, assign and vest
the fifty percent shareholding of the defendants in
the plaintiff no.6 in favour of the plaintiffs or their
nominees;
ii - handing over original title deeds, documents and
writings in respect of the suit plot which are lying
with the defendant no.2 and in the locker to be
operated jointly by the defendant no.2 and the
plaintiff no.2 to the plaintiffs;
iii - doing or causing to be done all acts, deeds, matters
and things and to sign, execute and register all deeds,
documents and writings as may be necessary for the
transfer of the said 50% shares of the Agrawal Group
to the plaintiff nos.1 to 5 and/or to their nominees
free of all claims of the defendants;
iv - Tendering their resignation from Directorship of the
plaintiff no.6 company.
(D). In the alternative and without prejudice to prayers (A) to (C)
above, if the defendants are desirous to perform the
agreement arrived at on March 27, 2019 by themselves
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then in that event, this Hon'ble Court be pleased to direct
the defendants to pay to the plaintiffs an amount of
Rs.43,46,52,700/- (Rupees Forty-three crores forty-six lakhs
fifty two thousand seven hundred only) in terms of clause 4
of the agreement dated March 27, 2019 for :
(i) transfer of the entire shareholding and proportionate
share of the assets of the plaintiff nos.1 to 5 in the
plaintiff no.6 and;
(ii) in consideration of the satisfaction and full and final
payment of all debts and liabilities owed to the
plaintiff nos.1 to 5 by the plaintiff no.6 and;
(iii) in consideration of the plaintiff nos.1 to 5 declaring
that they have no subsisting right, title or interest
whatsoever, either directly or indirectly, in any of the
assets, rights and liabilities of the plaintiff no.6."
23. The notice of motion was filed on 29th July 2019. No affidavit-in-reply
has been filed to the notice of motion. When the matter came up on board on
5th August 2019, the defendants, through defendant no.2, submitted to a
decree in terms of prayer clauses (A) to (D) of the plaint. It can be seen that
the decree is not in terms of the prayer clauses in the motion. In view of the
decree in terms of prayer clauses (A) to (D) of the plaint, the notice of motion
was disposed. Hence, no purpose will be served in relying upon the prayers in
the notice of motion, although on behalf of the Agrawals, learned Senior
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Advocate has relied upon the prayers in the notice of motion to support the
Agrawals' case.
24. All that is required to be considered are the averments in the plaint
since the decree is in terms of prayer clauses (A) to (D) of the plaint. Brief
reference may also be made to the annexures to the plaint; however, in view
of the decree being passed in terms of the plaint, the plaintiffs' version in
plaint would, in my view, prevail in construing the decree. To that extent, the
task is less complex than it would have been, if written statements were filed
by the defendants. The dispute between the parties falls within a narrow
compass. Although parties have filed written submissions making reference to
numerous documents and the correspondence exchanged, the executing
court, in my view, would be required to consider the pleadings that have been
existed as on 5th August 2019, when the court came to pass the decree on
admission in the notice of motion.
25. While the hearing in the above matter was initially conducted on video
conference, after written submissions were filed, brief oral submissions were
made, when the aforesaid contentions were reiterated by both learned
counsel. Having considered the aforesaid set of facts, the only pleading to be
considered is the plaint; especially in view of the fact that the prayers in the
notice of motion were not pressed and the defendants submitted to the decree
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in the suit in terms of the prayers in the plaint. Although the cause-title
indicates that the order was passed in the notice of motion, the decree to
which the Agrawals submitted was in terms of prayers in the plaint.
26. I may observe here that in the plaint, prayer clause (E) sought relief in
the alternative i.e. if specific performance cannot be granted, the Agrawals be
directed to pay Rs.45 crores or such higher amount including but not limited
to escalation in the project costs by way of recompense. In other words, the
alternative claim was for damages. In the Notice of Motion, alternative prayer
was sought in terms of prayer clause (D) to the effect that if the Agrawals
were desirous of taking over the Kotharis' share, they be directed to pay to the
Kotharis Rs.43,46,52,700/-. The alternative relief has not been pressed. It is
pertinent to note that the decree came to be passed by consent of the parties.
Clause (2) of the order dated 5th August 2019 records as follows :-
"Time mentioned in the agreement will begin from today."
27. Reference to the "Time mentioned in the agreement" meant that the
successful bidders, being the Kotharis, would be required to pay 50% of the
agreed consideration within 45 days from the date of the decree. Since 5%
had already been paid, the remaining 45% was to be paid within 120 days
from the date of the decree. In the suit email Agrawals, through defendant
no.2, have recorded that the Kotharis had "agreed to purchase stake at
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Rs.36.75 crores." In performance of the agreement, Agrawals have
acknowledged receipt of Rs.1,82,50,000/-.
28. It is true that there is no specific mention of the amount of the debt, but
in the opening paragraph, the author - defendant no.2 has congratulated the
Kotharis on acquiring 50% shares in plaintiff no.6-company "at a
consolidated price of Rs.36.75 crores", which will provide full control of the
company and the hospital plot acquired by the company. It is in this context
that one has to construe the decree and in doing so, it is necessary to refer to
the plaint, which is the only pleading of some relevance in construing the
decree. Paragraph 12 of the plaint records that mediation meetings were held
at the hospital premises of the plaintiff no.4 in the presence of the third party
- Pawan Didwania, whereat defendant no.2 - Dr. Vikas Agrawal,
representing the Agrawals, joined the meeting vide telephone. During the
meeting, after discussing the market value of the property with the hospital
plot, Agrawals offered to acquire Kotharis 50% shareholding at about Rs.35
crores. The averments in paragraph 12(iv) and (v) reads as under :-
"12(iv). The market value of the property as per the Agrawal Group
(as communicated to the plaintiffs by Mr. Pawan Didwania)
was the sum of Rs.70.00 crores. Thus, the Agrawal Group
offer to acquire the Kothari Group 50% shareholding in the
plaintiff no.6 closed at Rs.35 crores (the offer price included
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the repayment of the unsecured loan of plaintiff nos.1 to 5 in
the books of plaintiff no.6 and the consideration for the 50%
shares held by Kothari Group).
12(v). The Kothari Group offer was five percent higher. The
Kothari Group valued the suit plot at the sum of Rs.73.50
crores and agreed to acquire the 50% shareholding of the
Agrawal Group in the plaintiff no.6 at the sum of Rs.36.75
crores (the offer price included the repayment of the
unsecured loan of defendants in the books of plaintiff no.6
and the consideration for the 50% shares held by Agrawal
Group)."
29. The plaint goes on to record that Kotharis' offer of Rs.36.75 crores was
accepted by Agrawals. Thus, a concluded contract is said to have been arrived
at in the presence of the Mediator. Paragraph 13 which is material since it
makes reference to the suit agreement states as follows :-
"13. The terms and conditions of the agreement arrived at on
March 27, 2019 as above are recorded in an email dated 28 th
March 2019 at 8:03 am written by the defendant no.2 to the
plaintiff no.2 where he states that the terms and conditions for
sale of the 50% shareholding of the Agrawal Group in the
plaintiff no.6 to the Kothari Group are as follows :
(i) the total agreed consideration payable by the Kothari
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Group to the Agrawal Group is the sum of Rs.36.75
crores.
(ii) the token / earnest money payable was five percent of
the agreed consideration.
(iii) fifty percent of the consideration within 45 days after
which the Kothari Group would be allowed to
commence work on the project.
(iv) balance forty-five percent of the consideration
within 120 days.
(v) failure to pay fifty percent amount within 45 days
would lead to forfeiture of token amount of five
percent and automatic sale of fifty percent shares of
Kothari Group to Agrawal Group at their bid price of
Rs.35.00 crores on the same terms and conditions
starting with the 45th day term of payment.
(vi) failure to pay the final forty-five percent amount in
time will lead to forfeiture of five percent
consideration and automatic sale of fifty percent
shares of Kothari Group to Agrawal Group at their
bid price of Rs.35.00 crores on the same terms and
conditions starting with the 120th day term of
payment. There will be no interest paid by Agrawal
Group on the balance consideration."
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30. Thus, in paragraph 13, clear reference is made to the "total agreed
consideration", as recorded in the Suit Email. Paragraph 18 of the plaint seeks
to record the contents of the email dated 29 th March 2019, which is annexed
at Exhibit-E to the plaint, by which Kamal Kothari and Ashok Kumar Kothari
reproduced relevant clauses of the email and reiterated separately the value
of the shares @ Rs.26,45,45,000/- and the adjustments of the interest free
loans of Agrawals @ Rs.10,29,55,000/-, which would be paid and discharged
through a bank account of the company. This is reflected in plaint in
paragraph (18.1). There does not appear to be immediate response to this
email. After this, paragraph 19 of the plaint records that on 3 rd April 2019,
the Kotharis once again addressed an email to Dr. Vikas Agrawal to reduce
into writing the terms of the Shareholders Agreement into a Memorandum of
Understanding. No response is on record. It is only on 11 th April 2019 that the
Agrawals sought to deny the contention of the Kotharis contending inter alia
that the only alternative was to sub-divide the suit plot and seeking to cancel
the agreement between the parties. This led to a rejoinder dated 19 th April
2019, by which the Kotharis rejected the unilateral cancellation of the
concluded transaction and expressed their willingness to pay the amounts
due towards token money by RTGS and in paragraph 25, the Kotharis have
reiterated their willingness to stand by the agreement.
31. None of the averments in the plaint have been denied till the passing of
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the decree either by filing a written statement or by contesting the notice of
motion by filing an affidavit-in-reply. If the averments in the plaint were
disputed, it is not possible to comprehend why the defendants sought a decree
in terms of prayer clauses (A) to (D), since these are the very prayers which
the Kotharis sought in the plaint. The notice of motion and affidavit-in-
support have been filed on or about 29 th July 2019 and the Agrawals
submitted to a decree on 5 th August 2019. The contents of the affidavit-in-
support of the notice of motion have also not been controverted. The
Agrawals having submitted to the decree in terms of the prayers in the suit,
the question is whether the option of submitting to a decree in terms of the
prayers in the motion was available to the defendants? Assuming that the
prayer in the motion are also to be considered in construing the decree, one
possibility is that despite the Kotharis claiming a decree in terms of the
prayers in the motion gave up those prayers but that does not appear to be
correct. When one considers the effect of the averments in the plaint, read
with the prayers in the plaint, it is clear that basic understanding between the
parties was that the shares of the Agrawals would be transferred to the
Kotharis. The agreed consideration is also not in dispute. The agreement is
now to be specifically performed, as recorded in the email. Kotharis have
enumerated the steps to be taken by the parties in order to specifically
perform the agreement. Clause (i) of prayer clause (B) contemplates execution
of deeds and documents to transfer the 50% shareholding so that the same
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vests in the Kotharis or their nominees. Prayer clause (B)-(ii) contemplates
handing over of title deeds and documents and writings in respect of the suit
plot and for operation of a locker. Prayer clause (B)-(iii) contemplates transfer
of the shares of the Agrawals "free of all claims of the defendants" . Prayer
clause (B)-(iii) reiterates the need for execution of deeds, matters and things,
which contemplate doing or causing to be done all acts, deeds, matters and
things and to sign, execute and register all deeds and documents necessary for
transfer of the shares free of all claims. The claims of the Agrawals would, in
my view, include the amount of the loan. The prayers will have to be read in
conjunction with the averments. The intention of the Kotharis to be found in
the averments is clear, that the amount of loan of Rs.10,32,55,000/- was
included in the total agreed consideration. Thus, in construing the decree, the
averments in the plaint are the only aid that the court has in the facts and
circumstances of the present case. The Agrawals bid of Rs.35 crores included
retention of the debt. The Kotharis higher bid of Rs.36.75 crores was accepted
by the Agrawals without any qualification. If the Agrawals intended that the
amount of debt was payable over and above the agreed consideration, the
Agrawals would have specified that promptly upon the bid being accepted
and would have also disputed the inclusion of the amount of debt in the
agreed consideration by filing a pleading. Furthermore, portion of paragraphs
12(ii) and 12(v) of the plaint reveals that Agrawals offer included the loan of
the Kotharis. Likewise, Kotharis offer included loan of the Agrawals. These
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averments have not been denied and are deemed to be admitted. Hence, it is
clear as crystal that the agreed consideration included the amount of debt in
both sides' offers.
32. Under Rule 2 of Order VIII, the defendants are required to raise by the
pleadings all grounds of defence. General denial is insufficient and every
allegation in the plaint is required to be denied. The allegations in the plaint
have not been denied. Under Order VIII Rule 5(2) where the defendant has
not filed a pleading, the allegations in the plaint, if not denied specifically,
shall be taken as admitted. Order VIII Rule 5(1) and (2) of CPC reads as
follows :-
"Order VIII : Written Statement, Set-of and Counter-Claim.
5. Specific denial --
(1) Every allegation of fact in the plaint, if not denied
specifically or by necessary implication, or stated to be not
admitted in the pleading of the defendant, shall be taken to be
admitted except as against a person under disability : Provided
that the Court may in it discretion require any fact so admitted
to be proved otherwise than by such admission.
(2) Where the defendant has not filed a pleading, it shall be
lawful for the Court to pronounce judgment on the basis of the
facts contained in the plaint, except as against a person under a
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disability, but the Court may, in its discretion, require any such
fact to be proved."
33. The defendants had an opportunity of avoiding the decree by
contesting the suit and the Notice of Motion. Instead, they chose to submit to a
decree. Thus, in the instant case, the defendants have not filed the pleading
and as contemplated by Rule 5, the court is entitled to pass judgment on the
basis of the facts in the plaint. It is not the defendants' case that they are
persons under any disability. The defendants have not put the plaintiffs to
proof, nor have the defendants filed any counter-claim. Thus, on all counts,
the Agrawals have not disputed the averments in the plaint. The averments in
the plaint have consistently sought to include the amount of the loan as part
of the agreed consideration. The prayer clauses seek reliefs on the basis of the
averments in the plaint and in that light of the matter, I am of the view that in
construing the decree, the averments in the plaint indicate that the price or
agreed consideration clearly included the amount of the loan.
34. I have, therefore, no hesitation in holding that absent a written
statement or denial of averments in the plaint and by submitting to a decree
in terms of prayer clause (B)-(iii), the price payable was inclusive of the loan
inasmuch as after payment of the agreed price or agreed consideration and
transfer of the shares, the Agrawals would not have any further claims.
35. In view thereof, I am of the opinion that IA/166/2019 is liable to be
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allowed to the extent provided in this order. As a consequence, IA/692/2020
cannot survive. In view thereof, I pass the following order :-
(i) IA/166/2019 is made absolute in terms of prayer clauses (a)-
(i), A, B, C, (d)-(i) to (d)-(vi) (both inclusive), (e), (f) and (g).
(ii) The parties are at liberty to fix meetings on a mutually
convenient date per paragraph 4(iii) of order dated 16 th
December 2020. In view of the aforesaid, IAL/6707/2020 is
disposed with liberty to apply, if so advised.
(iii) As a consequence, IA/692/2020 does not survive and is
disposed.
(A.K. MENON, J.)
36. After this order was pronounced, Dr. Saraf seeks stay of operation of
this order. The request is declined.
(A.K. MENON, J.)
Sneha Digitally signed
by Sneha A. Dixit
A. Dixit Date: 2021.01.04
19:14:59 +0530
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