Allahabad High Court
Trimal Singh vs State Of U.P. And Another on 17 April, 2025
Author: Sanjay Kumar Pachori
Bench: Sanjay Kumar Pachori
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
Neutral Citation No. - 2025:AHC:56785
Court No. - 72
Case :- APPLICATION U/S 528 BNSS No. - 10685 of 2025
Applicant :- Trimal Singh
Opposite Party :- State of U.P. and Another
Counsel for Applicant :- Ankit Singh,Ashok Kumar Singh,Pratibha Singh
Counsel for Opposite Party :- G.A.
Hon'ble Sanjay Kumar Pachori,J.
1. Shri Ashok Kumar Singh, learned counsel for the applicant, Shri Pushpraj Singh, learned brief holder for the State and Shri Pankaj Dwivedi, learned counsel for the Opposite Party No. 2 are present.
2. The present application under Section 528 of Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 has been filed by the applicant to quash the order dated 1.3.2025 passed by Additional Sessions Judge, Court No. 1, Etah in Session Trial No. 811 of 2010 (State Vs. Trimal Singh) arising out of case crime No. 394 of 2008, under Sections 304, 323, 504, 506, I.P.C., Police Station- Baghwala, District Etah, whereby an application to produce some documents in defence evidence has been rejected.
3. Learned counsel for the applicant submits that the impugned order has been passed without considering the facts and circumstances of the evidence and the position of law. It is further submitted that the applicant filed an application on 17.2.2025 to summon some documents as defence evidence, which are related to medico legal register dated 19.11.2008 by which medical examination was conducted by the present applicant and his wife as well as N.C.R. No. 126 of 2008 of Police Station Baghwala District Etah by which a cross case of the incident has been lodged.
4. It is admitted fact that the Session Trial is pending for defence evidence. The trial court observed that the applicant did not explain as to why these documents have been necessary to the just decision of the case, which is totally perverse.
5. Learned A.G.A. as well as learned counsel for the opposite party No. 2 have not denied the aforesaid facts, as above.
6. Learned counsel for the applicant has relied upon the judgments of Apex Court in Dr. Rajesh Talwar and another Vs. C.B.I. and another, (2014) 1 SCC 628 and Natasha Singh Vs. C.B.I. (State), (2013) 5 SCC 741.
7. In Dr. Rajesh Talwar and another Vs. C.B.I. and another, (2014) 1 SCC 628, the Supreme Court considered the issue of fair trial observing in Para 10, which is as under:-
"10. This Court in Selvi J. Jayalalithaa & Ors. v. State of Karnataka & Ors. (Writ Petition (Crl.) No.154 of 2013) decided on 30.9.2013, after referring to its earlier judgments in Triveniben Vs. State of Gujarat, AIR 1989 SC 1335; Zahira Habibullah Sheikh and Another Vs. State of Gujarat and others, AIR 2006 SC 1367; Capt. Amarinder Singh Vs. Prakash Singh Badal & Ors., (2009) 6 SCC 260; Mohd. Hussain @ Julfikar Ali v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), AIR 2012 SC 750; and Natasha Singh Vs. CBI (State), (2013) 5 SCC 741, dealt with the issue of fair trial observing:
Fair trial is the main object of criminal procedure and such fairness should not be hampered or threatened in any manner. Fair trial entails the interests of the accused, the victim and of the society. Thus, fair trial must be accorded to every accused in the spirit of right to life and personal liberty and the accused must get a free and fair, just and reasonable trial on the charge imputed in a criminal case. Any breach or violation of public rights and duties adversely affects the community as a whole and it becomes harmful to the society in general. In all circumstances, the courts have a duty to maintain public confidence in the administration of justice and such duty is to vindicate and uphold the 'majesty of the law' and the courts cannot turn a blind eye to vexatious or oppressive conduct that occurs in relation to criminal proceedings.
Denial of a fair trial is as much injustice to the accused as is to the victim and the society. It necessarily requires a trial before an impartial judge, a fair prosecutor and an atmosphere of judicial calm. Since the object of the trial is to mete out justice and to convict the guilty and protect the innocent, the trial should be a search for the truth and not a bout over technicalities and must be conducted under such rules as will protect the innocent and punish the guilty. Justice should not only be done but should be seem to have been done. Therefore, free and fair trial is a sine qua non of Article 21 of the Constitution. Right to get a fair trial is not only a basic fundamental right but a human right also. Therefore, any hindrance in a fair trial could be violative of Article 14 of the Constitution.
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Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides for the right to a fair trial what is enshrined in Article 21 of our Constitution. Therefore, fair trial is the heart of criminal jurisprudence and, in a way, an important facet of a democratic polity and is governed by rule of law. Denial of fair trial is crucifixion of human rights."
8. In the case of Natasha Singh Vs. C.B.I. (State), (2013) 5 SCC 741, the Supreme Court dealt with the scope of discretionary power of Section 311, Cr.P.C. after referring the judgment of P. Sanjeeva Rao Vs. State of A.P., AIR 2012 SC 2242, which is as under:-
"Grant of fairest opportunity to the accused to prove his innocence was the object of every fair trial, observed this Court in Hoffman Andreas v. Inspector of Customs, Amritsar, (2000) 10 SCC 430. The following passage is in this regard apposite:
`In such circumstances, if the new Counsel thought to have the material witnesses further examined, the Court could adopt latitude and a liberal view in the interest of justice, particularly when the Court has unbridled powers in the matter as enshrined in Section 311 of the Code. After all the trial is basically for the prisoners and courts should afford the opportunity to them in the fairest manner possible.'
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We are conscious of the fact that recall of the witnesses is being directed nearly four years after they were examined in chief about an incident that is nearly seven years old..... we are of the opinion that on a parity of reasoning and looking to the consequences of denial of opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses, we would prefer to err in favour of the appellant getting an opportunity rather than protecting the prosecution against a possible prejudice at his cost. Fairness of the trial is a virtue that is sacrosanct in our judicial system and no price is too heavy to protect that virtue. A possible prejudice to prosecution is not even a price, leave alone one that would justify denial of a fair opportunity to the accused to defend himself."
9. In view of the above facts and circumstances, keeping in mind the settled position of law in Natasha Singh (supra) and Dr. Rajesh Talwar (supra) and without going into the merits of the case, the order dated 1.3.2025 is set aside. The application to produce some documents in defence evidence is allowed. The trial court is directed to summon the aforesaid documents in defence evidence within 15 days after production of a certified copy of this order.
Order Date :- 17.4.2025
T. Sinha
